A Manager's Use of Anthropology

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Reeves-Ellington
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
International Business ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Business Person ◽  
Positive Effect

In the last half of the 20th century, the business person has had a great opportunity to exert a positive effect on international understanding, technological change, and general human improvement. Those managers who seize this opportunity consciously work as agents of change, using what they learn in their relationships within their native culture and in the foreign cultures where they work. Success in international business requires the ability to understand and interact with foreign cultural environments. Scientific methodology as applied by anthropologically-trained social scientists serves as an excellent model to solve business problems. Its focus on the whole and relationships binding the whole offers the manager far more insight than do the Newtonian and Cartesian processes of studying things in their smallest element.

Creative approaches for generating growth using minimal resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Industry Experience ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper clarifies that a coopetition-oriented mindset does drive coopetition-oriented behaviors. The results reveal that industry experience has a negative impact on the manifestation of coopetition-oriented behaviors, due a risk-related reticence in choosing suitable coopetition partners. Engaging in internationalization – for example, by partnering with a competitor to enter a foreign export market – with a coopetition-oriented mindset, has the positive effect of yielding further coopetition-oriented behaviors. Organizations involved in international business models are therefore more likely to partake in coopetition strategies. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Mediums and Science in Early 20th Century Europe

Nuncius ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-136
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Leporiere
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Psychical Research ◽  
Physical Medium ◽  
Epistemological Views

Abstract This paper investigates and contextualizes the contribution made by the Italian physiologist Filippo Bottazzi (1867–1941) to research on mediumistic phenomena in Europe at the beginning of the 1900s, focusing on his investigation of the claims of Eusapia Palladino’s powers, a well-known Italian physical medium who inspired the “conversion” of Cesare Lombroso. Bottazzi’s work, conducted between 1906 and 1909, is compared to that of colleagues in Italy and elsewhere and analysed in the light of the scientific methodology that he used in his research as a physiologist. This paper will review the events that led Bottazzi to take an interest in mediumship, and analyse how he designed and conducted his experiments and the conclusions that he drew from them. Particular attention will be focused on the methods and the scientific instruments that he used in his psychical research, which were in keeping with his Positivist epistemological views, as is shown by an essay on the scientific method that he wrote in the same period.

scholarly journals The "narcissism of minor differences" theory: Can it explain ethnic conflict?

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Kolstø
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Narcissism Of Minor Differences

In many ethnic conflicts and civil wars in the 20th century the cultural differences between the warring groups were very small. The bloody conflicts between Serbs, Croatians, and Bosnians during the breakup of Yugoslavia are a case in point. This observation has led some commentators to conclude that a lack of objective cultural markers between groups may itself be conducive to violence: When the members of two groups are difficult to tell apart, violence is inserted in order to create identity boundaries between them. One particular version of this theory goes under the name ?narcissism of minor differences?. This expression goes back to Sigmund Freud, who applied it both to individual psychology and in his philosophy of culture. The notion has been largely ignored by practicing psychotherapists, but over the last decades, however, it has been discovered by journalists and social scientists and applied to cases of collective rather than individual violence. The present article examines some of the articles and books that expound the ?the narcissism of minor differences?-concept in order to assess the explanatory strength and weaknesses of this theory. .

Changes at the Top: A Cross-country Examination over the 20th Century of the Rise (and Fall) in Rank of the Top Cities in National Urban Hierarchies

Urban Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1843-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Polèse ◽  
Jonathan Denis-Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Over Time

The paper documents the evolution of rank orders for cities at the top of national urban hierarchies (top 10 cities, where possible). Ranks for the year 2000 are compared with 1950 for 74 nations and with 1900 for 52 nations, covering 375 and 288 cities respectively. Rank correlations with the year 2000 are calculated for both years. The rank order of cities in Europe shows significantly less variation over time than those for the New World and developing nations, consistent with the view that urban hierarchies harden as they mature. Changes in rank at the very top (rank 1) are rare. Where they occur, such changes can often be traced to political events that alter the direction of trade or the city’s role as central place. The results provide evidence both for and against locational fundamentals and cumulative causation arguments. The entrenched advantages of the first big cities to emerge are undeniable; but ‘fundamentals’ can be undermined by political events and by technological change.

Strategic alliances between Czech SMEs and its effects on firm’s competitiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-263
Author(s):  
Ladislav Tyll ◽  
Mohit Srivastava ◽  
Martin Hromádka
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
International Business ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper aims to study the effects of using strategic alliances by Czech SMEs. It reviews available literature and provides an analytical framework to employ for analysing the propensity of SMEs to engage in strategic alliances and its effectiveness on their competitiveness. We conducted surveys with representatives of SMEs to gather data. Although we found a positive effect of strategic alliances on the SME’s competitiveness for both domestic and international business, the effect was very weak. The increased competitiveness was a result of increased differentiation, cost decrease, popularity increase, market share increases, and profit increase.

The Establishment of Zhongshan Park and its Connotation of Cultural De-Colonization

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3469-3472
Author(s):  
Yuan Sun ◽  
Su Bin Xu ◽  
Tian Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Colonial Culture ◽  
Building Process ◽  
The World

De-colonization is an integrated part of modernization of the process of the 20th century in the world. It can be understood as a process which embodies two parallel movements-the colonized people’s struggle for independence and the colonial metropolitan country’s reaction. This paper takes the Zhongshan Park (formal Quanye Expo) in Tianjin’s Chinese settlements as a specific case and investigates the interplay between native culture and colonial culture in the park building process. Through investigating the Chinese Municipal Parks, the paper elucidates the conflicts between colonialism and nationalism contextualized in Sino-West cultural encounters, and reveals the Chinese efforts for cultural de-colonization in early 20th century.

Intellectuals: Agents of Change in Mexico?

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderic A. Camp
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
The Government

Intellectuals have always played a role in the political development of their societies. Their role, however, has fluctuated with changes in time and place, and in the 20th century the intellectual's function in society seems ambiguous both to the intellectual himself and to those who have studied him. In spite of this ambiguity, there is a consensus in recent literature that the ability of intellectuals to influence elite groups and the government itself is on the increase (Ladd and Lipset, 1976: 309). The reasons for this increased influence are several, and although there is recognition of the expanding importance of men of knowledge, there are few serious examinations of this group and its role (Marsal and Arent, 1970: 466; Marsal, 1966: 36; Friedmann, 1960: 540-541).

scholarly journals Clifford Geertz: Writing and interpretation

Sociologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Boskovic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Methodological Pluralism ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
The World

The paper examines the scope and influence of Clifford Geertz, one of the most influential social scientists in the 20th century. Geertz is associated with the 'interpretative', 'postmodern' or 'literary' turn in anthropology, although he would not necessarily put himself in any of these categories. The concepts of the 'culture as text' and the 'semiotic concept of culture' have influenced generations of scholars. They have also been criticized, but I point to inadequacies of some of these criticisms. The paper traces this 'interpretative' thread of Geertz's work, along with its methodological implications for the relativistic, plural perspectives, up to his writings in the 1990s, when he seems to adopt a position that there actually can be one interpretation, a specific 'master narrative' according to which 'the world' we live in can be understood. The conclusion is that this latest phase of Geertz's work might be impossible to reconcile with a kind of methodological pluralism implied in his earlier works.

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