Platelets, thrombo-inflammation and cancer

It has long been recognized a crucial role played by platelets in thrombosis and hemostasis. Along with that, laboratory and clinical data suggest that platelets contribute to tumor progression and metastasis through a variety of interactions with cancer cells. During oncological process, the platelet function becomes modulated via their activation and increased aggregation being one of the risk factors for developing thrombosis in cancer patients. The platelets per se enhance tumor cell dissemination, activate endothelial cells, and attract immune cells to the primary and metastatic tumor sites. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells, as well as cells of the microenvironment, and discuss the development of new antitumor agents aimed at various arms in platelet functioning.

Download Full-text

Platelet-Cancer Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Avenues

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.665534 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Attila Braun ◽

Hans-Joachim Anders ◽

Thomas Gudermann ◽

Elmina Mammadova-Bach

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Cell Function ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Endothelial Cell Function ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Enhance Tumor Cell ◽

Cell Dissemination ◽

Granule Release

Although platelets are critically involved in thrombosis and hemostasis, experimental and clinical evidence indicate that platelets promote tumor progression and metastasis through a wide range of physical and functional interactions between platelets and cancer cells. Thrombotic and thromboembolic events are frequent complications in patients with solid tumors. Hence, cancer modulates platelet function by directly inducing platelet-tumor aggregates and triggering platelet granule release and altering platelet turnover. Also, platelets enhance tumor cell dissemination by activating endothelial cell function and recruiting immune cells to primary and metastatic tumor sites. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells and the host microenvironment. We also critically discuss the potential of anti-platelet agents for cancer prevention and treatment.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Lymph node blood vessels provide exit routes for metastatic tumor cell dissemination in mice.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.732881098.793549324 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Cheung

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Tumor Cell ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Tumor Cell Dissemination ◽

Metastatic Tumor Cell ◽

Cell Dissemination

Download Full-text

Lymph node blood vessels provide exit routes for metastatic tumor cell dissemination in mice

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aal3662 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 359 (6382) ◽

pp. 1408-1411 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

M. Brown ◽

F. P. Assen ◽

A. Leithner ◽

J. Abe ◽

H. Schachner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Tumor Cell ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Tumor Cell Dissemination ◽

Metastatic Tumor Cell ◽

Cell Dissemination

Download Full-text

Hoodwinking the Big-Eater to Prosper: The Salmonella-Macrophage Paradigm

Journal of Innate Immunity ◽

10.1159/000490953 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 289-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mayuri Gogoi ◽

Meghanashree M. Shreenivas ◽

Dipshikha Chakravortty

Keyword(s):

Immune Cells ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Close Contact ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Cell Types ◽

Intracellular Pathogen ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Contaminated Food

Salmonella is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing and underdeveloped nations. Being a foodborne disease, Salmonella infection is primarily contracted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, or due to close contact with infected/carrier individuals. It is an intracellular pathogen, which can survive and replicate in various cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and other white blood cells. Once Salmonella crosses the intestinal barrier, it disseminates to various systemic sites by circulation via immune cells. One of the major cell types which are involved in Salmonella infection are host macrophages. They are the niche for intracellular survival and proliferation of Salmonella and a mode of dissemination to distal systemic sites. These cells are very crucial as they mediate the mounting of an appropriate innate and adaptive anti-Salmonella immune response. In this review, we have tried to concise the current knowledge of complex interactions that occur between Salmonella and macrophages.

Download Full-text

Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Kyosuke Yakabe ◽

Jun Uchiyama ◽

Masahiro Akiyama ◽

Yun-Gi Kim

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Immunological Mechanisms ◽

New Development

Vaccinations improve the mortality and morbidity rates associated with several infections through the generation of antigen-specific immune responses. Adjuvants are often used together with vaccines to improve immunogenicity. However, the immune responses induced by most on-going vaccines and adjuvants approved for human use vary in individuals; this is a limitation that must be overcome to improve vaccine efficacy. Several reports have indicated that the symbiotic bacteria, particularly the gut microbiota, impact vaccine-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and promote the induction of nonspecific responses via the “training” of innate immune cells. Therefore, the interaction between gut microbiota and innate immune cells should be considered to ensure the optimal immunogenicity of vaccines and adjuvants. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge on the immunological mechanisms of vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, we discuss how the gut microbiota influences immunity and highlight the relationship between gut microbes and trained innate immunity, vaccines, and adjuvants. Understanding these complex interactions will provide insights into novel vaccine approaches centered on the gut microbiota.

Download Full-text

EphB4 Promotes Site-Specific Metastatic Tumor Cell Dissemination by Interacting with Endothelial Cell–Expressed EphrinB2

Molecular Cancer Research ◽

10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0453 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1297-1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Mélanie Héroult ◽

Florence Schaffner ◽

Dennis Pfaff ◽

Claudia Prahst ◽

Robert Kirmse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cell ◽

Tumor Cell ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Tumor Cell Dissemination ◽

Site Specific ◽

Metastatic Tumor Cell ◽

Cell Dissemination

Download Full-text

The untwining of immunosenescence and aging

Seminars in Immunopathology ◽

10.1007/s00281-020-00824-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 559-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weili Xu ◽

Glenn Wong ◽

You Yi Hwang ◽

Anis Larbi

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Replicative Senescence ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Point Of View ◽

Specific Response ◽

Chronological Aging ◽

Per Se ◽

Immune Changes ◽

Typical Model

AbstractFrom a holistic point of view, aging results from the cumulative erosion of the various systems. Among these, the immune system is interconnected to the rest as immune cells are present in all organs and recirculate through bloodstream. Immunosenescence is the term used to define the remodelling of immune changes during aging. Because immune cells—and particularly lymphocytes—can further differentiate after their maturation in response to pathogen recognition, it is therefore unclear when senescence is induced in these cells. Additionally, it is also unclear which signals triggers senescence in immune cells (i) aging per se, (ii) specific response to pathogens, (iii) underlying conditions, or (iv) inflammaging. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge and concepts linked to immunosenescence and we focus this review on lymphocytes and T cells, which represent the typical model for replicative senescence. With the evidence presented, we propose to disentangle the senescence of immune cells from chronological aging.

Download Full-text