scholarly journals Evaluating Optimism: Developing Children’s Version of Optimistic Attributional Style Questionnaire

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.O. Gordeeva ◽  
O.A. Sychev ◽  
E.N. Osin
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
School Counsellors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

People differ significantly in how they usually explain to themselves the reasons of events, both positive and negative, that happen in their lives. Psychological research shows that children who tend to think optimistically have certain advantages as compared to their pessimistically thinking peers: they are less likely to suffer from depression, establish more positive relationships with peers, and demonstrate higher academic achievements. This paper describes the process of creating the children’s version of the Optimistic Attributional Style Questionnaire (OASQ-C). This technique is based on the theory of learned hopelessness and optimism developed by M. Seligman, L. Abramson and J. Teas dale and is an efficient (compact) tool for measuring optimism as an explanatory style in children and adolescents (9-14 years). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that this technique is a two-factor structure with acceptable reliability. Validity is supported by the presence of expected correlations between explanatory style and rates of psychological well-being, dispositional optimism, positive attitude to life and its aspects, depression, and academic performance. The outcomes of this technique are not affected by social desirability. The developed questionnaire may be recommended to researchers and school counsellors for evaluating optimism (optimistic thinking) as one of the major factors in psychological well-being of children; it may also be used in assessing the effectiveness of cognitive oriented training for adolescents.

scholarly journals STUDI DESKRIPTIF GAYA EKSPLANATORI ANAK PENDERITA LEUKEMIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Amanda Putri ◽  
Sianiwati Sunarto Hidayat ◽  
Eveline Sarintohe
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Style ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Normative Constraints

This descriptive research conducted with 25 children under purposive sampling to obtain an overview of expanatory style of children with leukemia in the Foundation "X" Bandung. Measurement instrument is a modification of the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) by Seligman (1990) which consists of 48 items forced choice. Explanatory style research showed that 60% respondents have a pessimistic, and the rest have an optimistic. There is a link between children's understanding of their significant person’s explanatory style, criticism from parents or the trustees, their crisis experience, as well as the stage of suffering from leukemia with the children with leukemia’s explanatory style. This research suggested further research with more sample sizes about children’s explanatory style in order to make normative constraints, also further investigate the factors that affect explanatory style and dimensions. It is also suggested that management of the Foundation "X" to design interventions that can improve children's explanatory style.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Georgian Version of the Grit Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Natia SORDIA ◽  
Khatuna MARTSKVISHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The concept of grit refers to an individual’s tendency to keep perseverance and passion for long-term goals despite setbacks or obstacles. The present research examines the psychometric properties of the Georgian version of the Grit. 431 individuals participated in the study. Results from the confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported a two-dimensional higher-order structure of grit. The relationship with big five personality traits, creative activities, creative achievements, and psychological well-being demonstrated the construct validity of the Georgian version of the Grit Scale (G-Grit). The Georgian version of the Grit Scale seems well suited for future research purposes. Key words: Grit, Personality Traits, Creative Activities, Creative Achievements, Psychological Well-Being. 

Explanatory Style and Academic Performance among College Students Beginning a Major Course of Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 861-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. LaForge ◽  
Stephen Cantrell
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Grade Point Averages ◽  
Cognitive Variable ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Pessimistic Explanatory Style

Explanatory style, a cognitive variable, reflects how people typically explain the causes of bad events involving themselves. Explanatory style emerged from the attributional reformulation of the learned helplessness and depression model as a way of explaining individual differences in response to uncontrollability. A central prediction of the reformulation is that people with habitual explanatory tendencies differ, and individuals with a pessimistic explanatory style will be more likely to exhibit depressive symptoms following bad events than individuals with an optimistic explanatory style. 116 upper-level undergraduates beginning a degree program at this university completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire. Scores were correlated with students' cumulative grade point averages and their total points earned in Consumer Behavior, the first course required in the Marketing major. Students with pessimistic explanatory style scores outperformed colleagues with optimistic explanatory style scores. Implications of these findings and possible explanations for why explanatory style did not correlate in the theoretically predicted way with academic achievement are considered.

Explanations for Positive and Negative Events Among Heavy and Moderate College Drinkers

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Corcoran ◽  
Paige E. Thielbahr
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Moderate Drinking ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
College Drinkers ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between explanatory style for positive and negative events in heavy- and moderate-drinking college students. Results indicate no difference between the two drinking groups in explanations for negative events; however, hearvier-drinking subjects did tend to have more global and stable explanations for positive events. In addition, those subjects attached more importance to positive events. Results are discussed in terms of the utility of such a style in avoiding depressed mood. Also discussed is the potential for changing such a belief pattern and the possible implications for the use of the Attributional Style Questionnaire with populations other than those who are depressed.

scholarly journals Impact of Workplace Bullying on Psychological Wellbeing of Doctors in Health Care Sector of Karachi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Humera Asrar ◽  
Ume Amen ◽  
Ume Sumayya ◽  
Adnan Butt
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Work Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Major Factors

Organizations today are globally facing the dilemma of inappropriate work behaviours, especially bullying, as it has long term negative effects on target employees. Workplace bullying is a major reason for work-related distress and subsequently psychological wellbeing issues for employees. The main objective of this study was to identify the effect of bullying on the psychological well-being of doctors in Karachi, Pakistan. Data from 135 doctors were collected through a structured questionnaire. Results of the study indicated that workplace bullying significantly affects the psychological well-being of employees’ and gender plays moderating effect in the relationship between workplace bullying and the psychological well-being of the doctors. The findings of the study are very important for policymakers and top management of the hospitals, to prevent the healthcare sector from the detrimental impact of this unhealthy practice and to minimize the psychological effect of bullying. This study suggests management should pay attention to designing and executing rules and policies against bullying in order to minimize the adverse results of workplace bullying. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that bullying affects create more devastating effects on female doctors than their male counterparts. Further, it was observed that skills and experience are major factors to obtain positive outcomes of employee psychological wellbeing.

scholarly journals The Art of Happiness: An Explorative Study of a Contemplative Program for Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Rastelli ◽  
Lucia Calabrese ◽  
Constance Miller ◽  
Antonino Raffone ◽  
Nicola De Pisapia
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

In recent decades, psychological research on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions has greatly developed and demonstrated a range of beneficial outcomes in a variety of populations and contexts. Yet, the question of how to foster subjective well-being and happiness remains open. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of an integrated mental training program The Art of Happiness on psychological well-being in a general population. The mental training program was designed to help practitioners develop new ways to nurture their own happiness. This was achieved by seven modules aimed at cultivating positive cognition strategies and behaviors using both formal (i.e., lectures, meditations) and informal practices (i.e., open discussions). The program was conducted over a period of 9 months, also comprising two retreats, one in the middle and one at the end of the course. By using a set of established psychometric tools, we assessed the effects of such a mental training program on several psychological well-being dimensions, taking into account both the longitudinal effects of the course and the short-term effects arising from the intensive retreat experiences. The results showed that several psychological well-being measures gradually increased within participants from the beginning to the end of the course. This was especially true for life satisfaction, self-awareness, and emotional regulation, highlighting both short-term and longitudinal effects of the program. In conclusion, these findings suggest the potential of the mental training program, such as The Art of Happiness, for psychological well-being.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SELF ESTEEM, OPTIMISME DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING GURU HONORER SDN KABUPATEN SERANG

Dialog ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Imam Noviantoro ◽  
Gazi Saloom
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Psychological well-being adalah keadaan dimana individu mampu menerima keadaan dirinya secara positif, baik keadaan yang sedang dijalaninya saat ini maupun pengalaman hidupnya termasuk pengalaman yang dianggapnya tidak menyenangkan dan menerima semua itu sebagai bagian dari dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk melihat apakah self esteem, optimisme dan social support secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi psychological well-being guru honorer SDN Kabupaten Serang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 221 guru honorer SDN Kabupaten Serang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 210 guru honorer. Pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tekhnik purposive sampling. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif. Validitas alat ukur dalam penelitian ini diuji dengan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Analisis data menggunakan multiple regression analysis (regresi berganda). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa self esteem, optimisme dan social support secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi psychological well-being. Variabel self esteem dan optimisme berpengaruh signifikan terhadap psychological well-being. Sedangkan variabel dukungan emosional, dukungan penghargaan, dukungan instrumental, dukungan informasi, dukungan kelompok, tidak terbukti secara statistik berpengaruh terhadap psychological well-being. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk memilih populasi  di suatu tempat atau beberapa area saja agar lebih terarah.

Adaptation and Initial Validation of the BRCS in an Elderly Spanish Sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Tomás ◽  
J. C. Meléndez ◽  
P. Sancho ◽  
T. Mayordomo
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
Fit Indexes ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

Resilience is understood as a dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation within the context of adversity. This study examined the validity of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), a 4-item measure designed to capture tendencies to cope with stress in a highly adaptive manner, in an elderly Spanish population. A total of 133 elderly people from an association of retired persons in Valencia (Spain) provided the responses for the validation study. The factorial validity of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, with a single dimension of resilience with adequate fit indexes emerging from this analysis. The BRCS has adequate internal consistency both at the scale and item levels. The criterion-related validity of the scale was established by correlating resilient coping with measures of coping resources and psychological well-being. The correlations with measures of personal coping resources (e.g., optimism, helplessness, self-efficacy), pain-coping behaviors, and psychological well-being were in the expected direction, and were statistically significant and large. In conclusion, the adaptation into Spanish of the BRCS seems to be a reliable and valid measure of resilient coping in the elderly population, and it could potentially be used in both clinical practice and research in the elderly.

Bright Ideas: A School-Based Program Teaching Optimistic Thinking Skills in Pre-Adolescence

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy M. Brandon ◽  
Everarda G. Cunningham ◽  
Erica Frydenberg
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
School Based ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pessimistic Explanatory Style

Research into the areas of depression and resilience suggests that an optimistic attributional style is a key factor in coping effectively with stressors and functioning adaptively despite adversity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a program designed to increase positive thinking skills, through awareness and practice, to pre-adolescent children who have been identified as exhibiting a more pessimistic explanatory style. From a total of 110 Year 5 and 6 students, 38 students were selected to participate in the program because they exhibited a more pessimistic explanatory style. Program participants were administered the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) at pre-, post-, and 3-month post-program. Non-program participants completed the CASQ at pre- and 3-month post- program. Results indicated that program participants significantly improved their attributional style scores post program, and that these improvements were maintained at 3-month post-program follow-up. When attributional style difference scores at pre- and 3-month post program were compared, improved scores for program participants were significantly greater than changes in attributional style scores for those students who were not in the program. Given the links between attributional style, depression, and a range of behaviours, such promising results warrant further investigation into the effects of such a program on other outcome measures. The findings provide support for the benefits to be gained by developing positive attributional style during the pre-adolescent years.

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