scholarly journals 40 years of Bio-Psycho-Social model: what’s new?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Kholmogorova ◽  
O.V. Rychkova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Social Model ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biological Reductionism

Bio-Psycho-Social Model, proposed by George Engel in 1977, was recognized as a turning point in the praxis of medical diagnosis and treatments. Bio-Psycho-Social Model should be seen in a historical context as bucking against the trend of biological reductionism. Social Neuroscience has been formed ten years. Social neuroscience aims to investigate the biological systems that underlie people’s thoughts, feelings and actions in light of the social context in which they operate. Social neuroscience has captured the interest of anthropologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and experts in other disciplines, as well as the general public who more and more draw upon the insights and methods of social neuroscience to explain, predict and change social behavior. An analysis of the current situation in neurosciences shows that new methods of instrumental brain research do not exclude biological reductionism. The authors qualify the situation in modern studies of social neuroscience as a methodological crisis associated with the prevalence of reductionist approaches that ignore the uniqueness of the human psyche. He substantiates the heuristic provisions of the cultural and historical development of Vygotsky’s psyche theory to overcome any contradictions

scholarly journals Restoring Inclusive Education: Paradigm Shift from a Medical to a Social Model among Learners with Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mfundo Mandla Masuku
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Universal Definition

ABSTRACT This paper outlines a critical analysis of the paradigm shift from a medical to a social model, using the key concepts impacting on learners with disabilities in a schooling system. The social constructionist perspective and the social model provide a conceptual frame for examining disability and inclusive education. Inclusive education is significant for its multidimensional nature and lack of universal definition. The two main issues concerning scholars and interest groups are the lack of access to learning by learners with disability and the confining nature of disability. Despite the acceptance of inclusive education globally, the evidence in the literature suggests many limitations in broadening access to education for all. The paper found that there is an interplay of various aspects relating to inclusive education, namely the historical context and the education system, the capacity for the implementation of inclusive education, a policy framework, infrastructure and resources coordination, and a culture of inclusive education.

Intersectionality and the Construction of Inclusive Schools

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Amy J. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
African American Woman ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inclusive Schools ◽  
Holistic Manner

This chapter explores the educational experiences of an African American woman labeled with a disability and from a low socioeconomic group. Grounded in a social and historical context, this chapters uses qualitative research and intersectional theory to understand her experiences in a holistic manner. Subsequent implications for educators are discussed, including the need to: 1) understand students through the social model, 2) acknowledge the intersection of multiple marginalized identities, and 3) assist students in advocacy and empowerment.

Intersectionality and the Construction of Inclusive Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 622-647
Author(s):  
Amy J. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
African American Woman ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inclusive Schools ◽  
Holistic Manner

This chapter explores the educational experiences of an African American woman labeled with a disability and from a low socioeconomic group. Grounded in a social and historical context, this chapters uses qualitative research and intersectional theory to understand her experiences in a holistic manner. Subsequent implications for educators are discussed, including the need to: 1) understand students through the social model, 2) acknowledge the intersection of multiple marginalized identities, and 3) assist students in advocacy and empowerment.

scholarly journals Persons with disabilities in institutions as victims of discrimination and human rights violations

Temida ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-134
Author(s):  
Biljana Janjic ◽  
Kosana Beker
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Practices

The paper describes the position of persons with disabilities in residential institutions in Serbia, with particular focus on the position of women. Our goal is to determine some of the reasons for human rights violations and discrimination against persons with disabilities in institutions through understanding the historical context and attitudes towards them, and to understand the extent to which international human rights framework impacts the improvement of their position. Results of analyses show that adoption of the international and national legal framework grounded in the theory of social model is a necessary but not sufficient condition for de facto equality, because of the rooted negative attitudes towards rights, possibilities, and needs of persons with disabilities that nurture justifications and excuses for multiple deprivations and discrimination. The change of the paradigm and improvement of the position of persons with disabilities requires awareness-raising of the social protection system with the aim of overcoming prejudices and changing practices.

scholarly journals Crisis y refundación del mito democrático: el octubre chileno, preguntas y tensiones

2021 ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Arancibia Carrizo ◽  
Tuillang Yuing Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Market Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chilean Dictatorship

Based on a critical theoretical tradition of democracy, the article rehearses an interpretation of the Chilean revolt of October 2019. It is argued that this episode indicates the exhaustion of the myth in which democracy obtains its legitimacy and perpetuation as a promise of the realisation of its founding values. To this end, it examines the overall historical context in which the Chilean democratic transition is taking place, thus discovering its close link to the order designed by the Chilean dictatorship. A series of symbolisms articulate the global market order with the social model favoured by the dictatorship, but implemented with a democratic appearance. Finally, the elements that allow us to understand the signs of the collapse of the ‘democratic mythologem’ in the October revolt are reviewed and questions are asked about the political challenges that are posed.

scholarly journals Crisis of the Economic and Social Model of the Nordic Countries: The Experience of Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Demina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Experience ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Introduction. The Nordic countries are the most economically developed and stable ones in terms of the political and social context. However, the processes of globalization, social and demographic change, business development, increased competition and commercial interests modify the functioning of the economic and social model of the Nordic countries, which experienced a number of crisis phenomena at various stages of its development. The objective of this piece of research is to analyze the prospects for the development of the Nordic model of the social state based on the study of its structure and historical development. Materials and Methods. The economic situation in the Nordic countries is the object of this study. To achieve the goals and objectives set, the research employed concrete structural analysis (to describe the theoretical aspect of the model) as well as concrete historical analysis (to study the processes of formation and development of the model). Results. The analysis of the Nordic economic and social model has been carried out; the theoretical aspect of the social and economic model as well as the historical context and the process of its development have been studied. The crisis phenomena and methods used to overcome the crisis of the social and economic model have been analyzed. A range of potential challenges have been identified and the prospects for the development of the region have been presented. Discussion and Conclusion. The model studied is capable of structural changes provoked by external factors and challenges. The economic experience of the Nordic countries is of interest to us not only in terms of the success of this model, but also in terms of overcoming the crisis. The results of the study can be used when developing new models that can be applied in other countries, taking into account their economic characteristics.

Summary

1999 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Editorial board Of the Journal
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The Social

In the 10th issue of the Bulletin “Ukrainian Religious Studies” in the rubric “Scientific Reports and Announcements” there are in particular the following papers: “Religious Studies and Theology” by A.Kolodny, “Activity of the Orthodox Mission in Ukraine on the Turning Point of the XIX-XXth Centuries” by G.Nadtoka, “Religion in the Spiritual Heritage of V.Lypinsky” by L.Kondratyk, “Church as a Factor of the Self-identification of the Nation in the Cultural and Civilization Environment” by O.Nedavnya, “The Problems of Development of The Social Teaching of the Catholicism” by V.Sergyiko, “The God-Thunder Perun in the Pagan World-outlook of the Ancient Rus’” by N.Fatyushyna and other papers

Race and the Epigenetics of Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Soto Laveaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Race Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Black Bodies ◽  
Dead Bodies ◽  
Lasting Change

In my brief response to Terence Keel’s essay “Race on Both Sides of the Razor,” I focus on something as pertinent as alleles and social construction: how we write history and how we memorialize the past. Current DNA analysis promises to remap our past and interrogate certainties that we have taken for granted. For the purposes of this commentary I call this displacing of known histories the epigenetics of memory. Just as environmental stimuli rouse epigenetic mechanisms to produce lasting change in behavior and neural function, the unearthing of forgotten bodies, forgotten lives, has a measurable effect on how we act and think and what we believe. The act of writing history, memorializing the lives of others, is a stimulus that reshapes who and what we are. We cannot disentangle the discussion about the social construction of race and biological determinism from the ways in which we have written—and must write going forward—about race. To the debate about social construction and biological variation we must add the heft of historical context, which allows us to place these two ideas in dialogue with each other. Consequently, before addressing the themes in Keel’s provocative opening essay and John Hartigan’s response, I speak about dead bodies—specifically, cemeteries for Black bodies. Three examples—one each from Atlanta, Georgia; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Mexico—illustrate how dead bodies must enter our current debates about race, science, and social constructions. 

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL IDEA OF THE “SOCIAL STATE” IN THE HISTORY OF LEGAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Social State ◽  
Classical Liberal ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to the problem of the social state as one of the fundamental constitutional principles of the state structure of modern developed countries. The course of historical development of philosophical and legal thought on this problem is considered. The idea of a close connection between the concept of the social state and the ideas of utopian socialism of Thomas More and Henri Saint-Simon is put forward. Liberals also made a significant contribution to the development of the idea of the social state, they argued that the ratio of equality and freedom is a key problem for the classical liberal doctrine. It is concluded that the emergence of the theory of the social state for objective reasons was inevitable, since it is due to the historical development of society.

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