scholarly journals COMPOSITION AND INHERITANCE MODEL COMPARISON

2019 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Aleksejs Sergejevs ◽  
Sergejs Kodors
Keyword(s):  
Model Comparison ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Correct Usage ◽  
Inheritance Model ◽  
Pros And Cons

The inheritance seems to be the natural and the default solution of structuring the logic of software nowadays. But is it always the best option? Considering the increasing need for programming and the speed at which the projects are made, it’s inevitable that the requirements of a project will be changing many times and a lot of fundamental building blocks in the software will have to be redeveloped. The problem with inheritance is that with a change in functionality it may become necessary to rewrite huge amounts of old code or even end up duplicating existing functionality which only makes things worse in a long run. An excellent solution that can be used to avoid essentially getting stuck in situations like these is composition. The goal of the study is to analyze the pros and cons of composition and inheritance and make a conclusion about their correct usage.

Promoting Hybrid Learning through an Open Source EBook Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Bai ◽  
Michael B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
Long Run ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Teaching Efficiency ◽  
Content Design

Educational technology is developing rapidly, making education more accessible, affordable, adaptable, and equitable. Students now have the option to choose a campus that can provide excellent blended learning curriculum with minimal geographical restraints. We proactively explore ways to maximize the power of educational technologies to increase enrollment, reduce failure rates, improve teaching efficiency, and cut costs without sacrificing high quality or placing extra burden on faculty. This mission is accomplished through open source learning content design and development. We developed scalable, shareable, and sustainable e-learning modules as book chapters that can be distributed through both computers and mobile devices. The resulting e-learning building blocks can automate the assessment processes, provide just-in-time feedback, and adjust the teaching material dynamically based upon each student’s strengths and weaknesses. Once built, these self-contained learning modules can be easily maintained, shared, and re-purposed, thus cutting costs in the long run. This will encourage faculty from different disciplines to share their best teaching practices online. The end result of the project is a sustainable knowledge base that can grow over time, benefit all the discipline, and promote learning.

Farming 4.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 279-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Radhakrishnan ◽  
Vijayarajan V.
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Farm System

Generally, the rate of technological advancement is increasing with time. Specifically, the technologies that are the building blocks of Farming 4.0 are now advancing at a rapid pace never witnessed before. In this chapter, the authors study the advances of major core technologies and their applicability to creating a smart farm system. Special emphasis is laid on cost of the technology; for, expensive technology will still keep small farmers at bay as major population of farmers inherently are new to technology, if not averse. The authors also present the pros and cons of alternatives in each of the subsystems in the smart farm system.

scholarly journals Qualifying the Sustainability of Novel Designs and Existing Solutions for Post-Disaster and Post-Conflict Sheltering

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Alshawawreh ◽  
Francesco Pomponi ◽  
Bernardino D’Amico ◽  
Susan Snaddon ◽  
Peter Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Post Disaster

During the course of 2018, 70.8 million people globally were forcibly displaced due to natural disasters and conflicts—a staggering increase of 2.9 million people compared to the previous year’s figure. Displaced people cluster in refugee camps which have very often the scale of a medium-sized city. Post-disaster and post-conflict (PDPC) sheltering therefore represents a vitally important element for both the short- and long-term wellbeing of the displaced. However, the constrained environment which dominates PDPC sheltering often results in a lack of consideration of sustainability dimensions. Neglecting sustainability has severe practical consequences on both people and the environment, and in the long run it also incurs higher costs. It is therefore imperative to quickly transfer to PDPC sheltering where sustainability considerations are a key element of the design and decision-making processes. To facilitate such transition, this article reviews both ‘existing solutions’ and ‘novel designs’ for PDPC sheltering against the three pillars of sustainability. Both clusters are systematically categorized, and pros and cons of solutions and designs are identified. This provides an overview of the attempts made so far in different contexts, and it highlights what worked and what did not. This article represents a stepping-stone for future work in this area, to both facilitate and accelerate the transition to sustainable sheltering.

Porogen Templating Processes: An Overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Hong ◽  
Jack G. Zhou ◽  
Donggang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Constituent Elements

Porous materials with well-defined pore shapes, sizes and distributions are highly desired in many emerging applications, particularly for biomedical materials and devices. However, conventional methods for processing porous materials only demonstrated limited capability in morphological control. One promising solution is the porogen templating process, where a structured porogen pattern is created first and subsequently used as a template or mold for generation of the desired porous material. Particularly, with solid freeform fabrication, porogen templates having complex internal structures can be additively fabricated, and they can then be used as molds for molding of porous materials and devices. This article attempts to offer a constructive overview on the state of the art of porogen patterning and inverse molding, with the goal of explaining the working mechanisms and providing unbiased accounts of the pros and cons of existing techniques and process variants. The article further intends to provide a fundamental understanding of the constituent elements and corresponding building blocks in porogen templating processes. An increased understanding of these elements will facilitate the development of more capable new processes.

Rethinking Assimilation and Ethnicity: The Chinese in Thailand

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Kwok Bun ◽  
Tong Chee Kiong
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Studies ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Ethnic Boundary ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Theoretical Question ◽  
The One

This article critically re-examines some of the major hypotheses about the assimilation process in general and the assimilation of the Chinese in Thailand in particular. We argue that assimilation cannot be seen as a straight line, one-way, lineal process of the Chinese becoming Thai. At the very least, we suggest that assimilation be conceived as a two-way process which, in the long run, will leave the Chinese with something Thai and the Thai with something Chinese. The important theoretical question is no longer whether the Chinese in Thailand have been assimilated or not, but rather how they, as individuals and as a group, go about presenting themselves in their transactions with the Thai and other Chinese, and why. The analytical focus will thus be on the dynamics of social transactions within and between ethnic boundaries. What typically happens when an ethnic actor stays within his or her own ethnic boundary? What motivates him or her to cross it? The primordialists on the one hand and the situationists on the other answer these questions in seemingly contrasting ways. We maintain in this article that this need not be so. It is our suggestion that some fundamental, classical dichotomies in sociology, such as instrumental and expressive functions, public and private place, and secondary and primary status, be retrieved and used creatively as strategic conceptual building blocks in the overall task of theory-building in the field of ethnic studies.

scholarly journals Exact-WKB, complete resurgent structure, and mixed anomaly in quantum mechanics on S1

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohisa Sueishi ◽  
Syo Kamata ◽  
Tatsuhiro Misumi ◽  
Mithat Ünsal
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Quantization Condition ◽  
Weber Type ◽  
General Potential ◽  
Pros And Cons

Abstract We investigate the exact-WKB analysis for quantum mechanics in a periodic potential, with N minima on S1. We describe the Stokes graphs of a general potential problem as a network of Airy-type or degenerate Weber-type building blocks, and provide a dictionary between the two. The two formulations are equivalent, but with their own pros and cons. Exact-WKB produces the quantization condition consistent with the known conjectures and mixed anomaly. The quantization condition for the case of N-minima on the circle factorizes over the Hilbert sub-spaces labeled by discrete theta angle (or Bloch momenta), and is consistent with ’t Hooft anomaly for even N and global inconsistency for odd N. By using Delabaere-Dillinger-Pham formula, we prove that the resurgent structure is closed in these Hilbert subspaces, built on discrete theta vacua, and by a transformation, this implies that fixed topological sectors (columns of resurgence triangle) are also closed under resurgence.

scholarly journals Public Work - an International Outlook

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Imola Cseh-Papp ◽  
Troy B. Wiwczaroski ◽  
Tünde Csapóné Riskó
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Public Work ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Active Labour Market Programmes

Labour market policy includes active and passive labour market programmes, aiming to solve different problems. Active labour market programmes assist the unemployed to find jobs and thus return to the labour market. Passive labour market programmes assist the unemployed by providing various kinds of aid, easing social tensions. Public work can be considered to be an active labour market programme, assisting people who receive social care with income based on public beneficial work. Consequently, public work is justified by some on the basis that it is purported to have some kind of moral foundation, as well as because it supposedly shows results within a short time. Yet, the rationale behind using public work programmes to fight unemployment is contested. Detractors see them as being rather costly, questioning their success and arguing that their overall results are uncertain, especially in the long run. In short, there are in fact pros and cons to using public work, with opinions being rather divisive. This study summarises these pros and cons, analysing the relevant international and Hungarian literatures in the context of active labour market programmes. JEL Classification: I38

The WTO Dispute Settlement System

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-88
Author(s):  
Sivan Shlomo Agon
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Goal Structure ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
System P ◽  
The World ◽  
Dispute Settlement System

The proposed goal-based approach, which ties effectiveness to goals, requires an in-depth inquiry into the question of what aims underlie the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement System (DSS), the spectrum of functions it should play, and the nature of the relations between them. The present chapter maps these multiple aims as prescribed for the DSS by its mandate providers while probing their complementary and contradictory relationships. In so doing, the chapter lays down the substantive building blocks of the WTO DSS’s goal-based effectiveness framework against which the system’s performance is to be evaluated. In analysing the DSS’s goal structure, the chapter begins with the system’s ultimate ends—the overarching purposes the DSS is expected to fulfil in the long-run—which frame the broad mission it is designed to achieve. It then follows with the system’s more specific, intermediate goals, those which serve as means for realizing the former, more general, open-ended objectives.

Bounded Rationality in Political Science and Politics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bendor
Keyword(s):  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Herbert Simon ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Allen Newell

Although Herbert Simon and Allen Newell studied problem-solving by experts as well as nonexperts, political scientists generally understand “bounded rationality” to refer primarily to cognitive constraints: how we fall short of completely rational decision-making. This incomplete understanding deprives us of an enormously useful intellectual legacy, built not only by Newell and Simon but also by a wide array of cognitive scientists who have explored how humans have collectively solved very difficult problems such as eliminating smallpox or designing nuclear submarines. This chapter surveys this richer understanding of bounded rationality. Cognitive capacities receive as much attention as cognitive constraints. The chapter reports work on how cultural storehouses of knowledge and certain organizational arrangements amplify our cognitive capacities in both the short and the long run. Finally, it extracts from the literature a set of thematically related propositions that are building blocks for constructing macro-theories of politics out of cognitively realistic micro-premises.

scholarly journals Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering—MaxEnt 2019†

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Udo von Toussaint ◽  
Roland Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Entropy Methods

As key building blocks for modern data processing and analysis methods—ranging from AI, ML and UQ to model comparison, density estimation and parameter estimation—Bayesian inference and entropic concepts are in the center of this rapidly growing research area. [...]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document