Etching Patterns of Sodium Hypochlorite Pretreated Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta Primary Molars: SEM Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Amel Mahmoud Ahmed ◽  
Dina Nagy ◽  
Mona Abdallah Elkateb
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Group Control Group

Aim: To investigate the etching patterns of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in primary molars pretreated with 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid application using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Study design: Ten hypocalcified AI primary molars were collected, sectioned longitudinally into 2 parts and allocated into two groups of ten specimens each. The enamel surface in the first group (control group) was etched using 37% phosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds; while in the second group (study group), it was pretreated using 5.25 sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) for 60 seconds prior to acid etching. Each specimen was examined at 16 different sites, and evaluated for the etching pattern (types I, II, and III) distribution using SEM. A total of 320 microphotographs at 1,500 magnification were obtained using Auto-Cad 2007 software. Results: The etching pattern with phosphoric acid was not uniform with predominance of type III etching (65.63%), while the pretreated enamel surfaces showed a significant increase in type I and II(82.5%) etching patterns (P<0.001). Conclusion: Treatment of primary teeth affected by hypocalcified AI using 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid etching significantly improves the etching pattern which is required for good resin bonding.

Deproteinization Effectiveness on Occlusal Enamel Surfaces and Resultant Acid Etching Patterns: An in vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Valencia ◽  
R Espinosa ◽  
N Borovoy ◽  
S Pérez ◽  
I Ceja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Type I ◽  
Etch Patterns ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 5

Purpose: The goal of this in vitro study was to identify whether occlusal enamel deproteinization is effective in the removal of organic material in order to obtain quality etching patterns using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) compared to phosphoric acid alone. Study design: Nine extracted third permanent molars were polished with pumice and water. Every pit and fissure was evaluated as a unit, resulting in 40 individual units and then these were divided into five treatment groups. The occlusal enamel surface of each group was subjected to the following treatments: Group 1 (C) Control: No treatment; Group 2 (P): Polish and rinse; Group 3 (PD): Polish, rinse, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 60 seconds; Group 4 (PA): Polish, rinse, and acid etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds; and Group 5 (PDA): Polish, rinse, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 60 seconds, and acid etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Results showed no significant statistical difference in the organic material present between groups 1 (C) (30.18%) and 2 (P) (36.61%), but there was a statistical difference (p <0.002) between Groups 1 and 2, and Group 3 (PD) (16.50%). In the acid etching group, the undesirable Type-III pattern (discussed later) was found in Group 4 (PA) (33.54%), while this was only 7.70% in Group 5, nearly five times more than Group 4, with a significant statistical difference (0.05). When differences were sought for Types I and II etch patterns (discussed later) for Groups 4 and 5, Group 4 (PA) obtained 26.29% (Type I) and 1.75% (Type II) etch patterns, compared to Group 5 (PDA) with 33.4% (Type I) and 38.97% (Type II) etch patterns. Conclusions: The enamel deproteinization technique is an effective way to remove organic material on the occlusal surfaces of teeth, obtaining after phosphoric acid application, up to 72.38% of Types I and II etch patterns. Etching Types I or II can also be determined by the removal of organic material in between enamel crystals.

Enamel Deproteinization and Its Effect on Acid Etching: An in vitro Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Espinosa ◽  
Roberto Valencia ◽  
Mario Uribe ◽  
Israel Ceja ◽  
Marc Saadia
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Group A

Purpose: The goal of this in vitro study was to identify the topographical features of the enamel surface deproteinized and etched with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) compared to phosphoric acid alone. Materials and method: Ten extracted lower first and second permanent molars were polished with pumice and water, and then divided into 4 equal buccal sections having similar physical and chemical properties. The enamel surfaces of each group were subjected to the following treatments: Group A: Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Group AH1: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 30 seconds followed by Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Group AH2 ; Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 60 seconds followed by Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Results showed that group AH2 etching technique reached an area of 76.6 mm2 of the total surface, with a 71.8 mm2 (94.47%), type 1 and 2 etching pattern, followed by group AH1 with 55.9 mm2 out of 75.12 mm2 (74.1%), and finally group A with only 36.8 mm2 (48.83%) out of an area of 72.7 mm2. A significant statistical difference (P <0 .05) existed between all groups, leading to the conclusion that enamel deproteinization with 5.25% NaOCl for 1 minute before H3PO4, etching increases the enamel conditioning surface as well as the quality of the etching pattern.

Resin Replica in Enamel Deproteinization and its Effect on Acid Etching

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Espinosa ◽  
R Valencia ◽  
M Uribe ◽  
I Ceja ◽  
J Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose: The goal of this in vitro study was to identify the topographical features of deproteinized (NaOCl)and etched with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) enamel surface, compared to phosphoric acid surface alone with a Resin Replica model. Materials: Ten extracted lower first and second permanent molars were polished with pumice and water, and then divided into 3 equal buccal sections having similar physical and chemical properties. The enamel surfaces of each group were subjected to the following treatments: Group A: Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Group B: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 60 seconds followed by Acid Etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. Group C; No treatment (control). All the samples were treated as follow: Adhesive and resin were applied to all groups after A, B and C treatment were performed; Then enamel/dentin decalcification and deproteinization and topographic SEM Resin Replica assessment were used to identify resin tags enamel surface quality penetration. Results showed that group B reached an area of 7.52mm2 of the total surface, with a 5.68 mm2 (73%)resin tag penetration equivalent type I and II etching pattern, 1.71 mm2 (26%) equivalent to type III etching pattern and 0.07 mm2 (1%)unaffected surface. Followed by group A with 7.48 mm2 of the total surface, with a 3.47 mm2 (46 %)resin tag penetration equivalent to type I and II etching pattern, 3.30 mm2 (45 %)equivalent to type III etching pattern and 0.71 mm2, and (9 %) unaffected surface. Group C did not show any resin tag penetration. A significant statistical difference (P <0,001) existed between groups A and B in resin quality penetration, leading to the conclusion that when the enamel is deproteinizated with 5.25% NaOCl for 1 minute prior H3PO4,the surface and topographical features of the replica resin penetration surface increases significantly with type I-II etching pattern.

scholarly journals Effect of Over-Etching and Prolonged Application Time of a Universal Adhesive on Dentin Bond Strength

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2902
Author(s):  
Phoebe Burrer ◽  
Hoang Dang ◽  
Matej Par ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Tobias T. Tauböck
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Adhesive Application ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

This study investigated the effect of over-etching and prolonged application time of a universal adhesive on dentin bond strength. Ninety extracted human molars were ground to dentin and randomly allocated into nine groups (G1–9; n = 10 per group), according to the following acid etching and adhesive application times. In the control group (G1), phosphoric acid etching was performed for 15 s followed by application of the universal adhesive Scotchbond Universal (3M) for 20 s, as per manufacturer’s instructions. In groups G2–5, both the etching and adhesive application times were either halved, doubled, quadrupled, or increased eightfold. In groups G6–9, etching times remained the same as in G2–5 (7.5 s, 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s, respectively), but the adhesive application time was set at 20 s as in the control group (G1). Specimens were then restored with a nanofilled composite material and subjected to microtensile bond strength testing. Bond strength data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The relationship of bond strength with etching and adhesive application time was examined using linear regression analysis. Treatment of dentin with halved phosphoric acid etching and adhesive application times (G2) resulted in a significant bond strength decrease compared to the control group (G1) and all other test groups, including the group with halved acid etching, but 20 s of adhesive application time (G6). No significant differences in bond strength were found for groups with multiplied etching times and an adhesive application time of 20 s or more, when compared to the control group (G1). In conclusion, a universal adhesive application time of at least 20 s is recommended when bonding to over-etched dentin.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON ETCHED ENAMEL IN NON-ERUPTED DECIDUOUS MOLARS: A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo FAVA ◽  
Ii-Sei WATANABE ◽  
Flávio FAVA DE MORAES ◽  
Luciane RIBEIRO DE REZENDE SUCASAS DA COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Deciduous Molars ◽  
Scanning Electron

Under the scanning electron microscope, the characteristics of the buccal surface enamel of human non-erupted deciduous molars were evaluated after using 15, 30, and 45 seconds of phosphoric acid etching time. The teeth were extracted, kept in a 70% alcohol solution and later dehydrated and metallized for analysis with the scanning electron microscope JEOL, JSM-6.100. The in vitro experiment with 35% phosphoric acid revealed that there is a tendency of predominance of interprismatic enamel dissolution or type II pattern with 15 and 45 seconds etching time. The dissolution of the interprismatic enamel was more pronounced when an acid etching time of 45 seconds was used. The enamel surface demonstrated type I and type II patterns when acid etching time was 30 seconds

scholarly journals Influence of previous acid etching on interface morphology and bond strength of self-etching adhesive to cavosurface enamel

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 056-062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Fonseca Lima ◽  
Vinícius Brito da Silva ◽  
Giulliana Panfiglio Soares ◽  
Giselle Maria Marchi ◽  
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
System Control ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Group 3

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the (1) bond strength of a etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems to cavosurface enamel, (2) influence of the previous acid etching with phosphoric acid 35% to the self-etching adhesive application on bond strength values, and (3) analysis of the cavosurface enamel morphology submitted to different types of conditioning, with the use of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM).Methods: Twenty four human third molars were sectioned on mesio-distal direction, resulting in two slices. The specimens were ground flat with 600-grit aluminum oxide papers, and were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 (etch-and-rinse adhesive system (control group)), Group 2 (selfetching adhesive), and Group 3 (self-etching adhesive with previous 35% phosphoric acid-etching for 15 s). Four cylinders (0.75 mm of diameter, 1 mm height) were confectioned prior to the microshear test. Four samples for each group were prepared according the cavosurface enamel treatment and were analyzed in an SEM.Results: Group 3 had the highest values on bond strength to cavosurface enamel compared to the other two groups, which presented statistically similar values. The performance of acid etching before the application of the self-etching adhesive results in an etching pattern that is different than the other groups, favoring the adhesion to the cavosurface enamel.Conclusions: Acid etching increases the bond strength values of the self-etching adhesive to cavosurface enamel, promoting a conditioning pattern that favors the adhesion to this substrate. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:56-62)

Morphological field emission-SEM study of the effect of six phosphoric acid etching agents on human dentin

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigão ◽  
Paul Lambrechts ◽  
Bart Van Meerbeek ◽  
Ângelo R. Tomé ◽  
Guido Vanherle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

Deproteinizing Agents as an Effective Enamel Bond Enhancer-An in Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Hasija ◽  
Vinod Sachdev ◽  
Shivani Mathur ◽  
Rishi Rath
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different deproteinizing agents on shear bond strength of composite to primary teeth enamel. Study Design: Forty sound primary molars divided in 4 groups of 10 teeth each. In control group 1, enamel was etched for 60 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid and rinsed with water. Group 2: after acid etching deproteinizing agent 5 % sodium hypochlorite was applied for 60 seconds and rinsed. Group 3: after acid etching deproteinizing agent papain gel was applied for 60 seconds and rinsed. Group 4: after acid etching deproteinizing agent bromelain gel applied for 60 seconds and rinsed. Following this, bonding agent was applied to treated enamel surface and composite resin disc were build. Samples were then tested for shear bond strength using Universal Testing Machine. Results: Mean SBS was highest for group 4 and lowest for group 1. No statistically significant difference (p value >0.05) was found between all the four groups. Conclusion: Among deproteinizing agents, deproteinization when carried out with bromelain gel and sodium hypochlorite showed effective bond strength as compared to papain.

Effect of Exposure Times of Sodium Hypochlorite before Acid Etching on the Microshear Bond Strength to Fluorotic Enamel

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Zhengfan S ◽  
Meifeng Z ◽  
Wei P ◽  
Bo Z ◽  
Ling G
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Fracture Modes ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different treatment time of 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the microshear bond strength (μSBS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and etching pattern in mild and moderate fluorotic enamel. Study design: Forty-eight fluorotic molars were divided into two groups: mild and moderate fluorotic enamel which were classified by a Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI). Based on the application time (0s, 60s, 120s, 180s) of 5.25% NaOCl, each group was sectioned into four parts. Then the etched enamel was bonded with resin and tested to acquire μSBS. The statistical method was two-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at α = 0.05. Besides, fracture modes were observed under a stereo microscope. SEM was used to evaluated the enamel-etching pattern and organic content on the fluorotic enamel surface were investigated by ATR-FTIR. Results: Duration of 5.25% NaOCl at 60s or 120s significantly increased the μSBS of fluorotic enamel compared to 0s (p<0.05). Fracture modes indicated that dominating failures were set in the bonding interface but whose proportion decreased when 5.25% NaOCl was applied. The enamel-etching pattern in 180s was deepest under SEM. Spectra of enamel samples manifested an obvious and gradual removal of its organic phase after duration of NaOCl increased. Conclusion: The maximal μSBS is acquired by using 5.25% NaOCl at 60s for mild fluorotic enamel but 120s for the moderate. The prolonged application time of 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid etching improves enamel-etching pattern. Treatment of 5.25% NaOCl decreases proteins on the fluorotic enamel surface.

The Treatment of Severe Congenital Scoliosis Associated With Type I Split Cord Malformation: Is a Preliminary Bony Septum Resection Always Necessary?

Neurosurgery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifang Huang ◽  
Xueshi Li ◽  
Yaolong Deng ◽  
Wenyuan Sui ◽  
Hengwei Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Congenital Scoliosis ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Split Cord Malformation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Shortening Osteotomy ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Group Control Group

Abstract BACKGROUND Single-stage spine-shortening osteotomy without treating spinal cord malformations may have potential advantages for the treatment of severe congenital scoliosis (CS) with type I split spinal cord malformation (SSCM); however, the study of this technique was limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single-stage spine-shortening osteotomy in the treatment of severe CS associated with type I SSCM. METHODS A retrospective study was designed to compare 2 case series including 12 severe CS patients with type I SSCM and 26 patients with type A cord function (without spinal cord malformations, evoked potential abnormalities, and neurological dysfunctions preoperatively) treated with a single-stage spine-shortening posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR). Patient demographic, clinical, operative, and radiographic data were obtained and compared between groups. RESULTS The surgical procedure was successfully performed in both groups, and the patients were observed for an average of 44.9 mo (range 25-78 mo) after the initial surgery. The radiographic parameters, intraoperative data, and new neurological deficits showed no difference, while deformity angular ratio (SSCM group: control group = 16.6 ± 3.6: 20.1 ± 3.9, P = .01) and corrective rate (SSCM group: control group = 50%: 58%, P = .046) of the main curve were statistically different between groups. All of the new neurological deficits were recovered within 1 yr. CONCLUSION The single-stage spine-shortening PVCR with moderate correction could be applied to the treatment of CS associated with type I SSCM. This strategy can achieve safe spinal deformity correction while obviate the neurological complications brought by the detethering procedures, which merits further clinical investigation.

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