Effect of Exposure Times of Sodium Hypochlorite before Acid Etching on the Microshear Bond Strength to Fluorotic Enamel

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Zhengfan S ◽  
Meifeng Z ◽  
Wei P ◽  
Bo Z ◽  
Ling G
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Fracture Modes ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different treatment time of 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the microshear bond strength (μSBS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and etching pattern in mild and moderate fluorotic enamel. Study design: Forty-eight fluorotic molars were divided into two groups: mild and moderate fluorotic enamel which were classified by a Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI). Based on the application time (0s, 60s, 120s, 180s) of 5.25% NaOCl, each group was sectioned into four parts. Then the etched enamel was bonded with resin and tested to acquire μSBS. The statistical method was two-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at α = 0.05. Besides, fracture modes were observed under a stereo microscope. SEM was used to evaluated the enamel-etching pattern and organic content on the fluorotic enamel surface were investigated by ATR-FTIR. Results: Duration of 5.25% NaOCl at 60s or 120s significantly increased the μSBS of fluorotic enamel compared to 0s (p<0.05). Fracture modes indicated that dominating failures were set in the bonding interface but whose proportion decreased when 5.25% NaOCl was applied. The enamel-etching pattern in 180s was deepest under SEM. Spectra of enamel samples manifested an obvious and gradual removal of its organic phase after duration of NaOCl increased. Conclusion: The maximal μSBS is acquired by using 5.25% NaOCl at 60s for mild fluorotic enamel but 120s for the moderate. The prolonged application time of 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid etching improves enamel-etching pattern. Treatment of 5.25% NaOCl decreases proteins on the fluorotic enamel surface.

Enamel Deproteinization Before Acid Etching and its Effect on the Shear Bond Strength – An in vitro Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Harleen ◽  
Y Ramakrishna ◽  
AK Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group B

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the effect of enamel deproteinization with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) before phosphoric acid (H3PO4) etching on the shear bond strength of Adper™ Single Bond 2 adhesive and Filtek™ Z- 350 XT composite resin . Study design: Forty human sound permanent molars which were extracted for periodontal reasons were used in the experimental protocol as under:Group-A (20 teeth):– A 5X4 mm window of the enamel surface was etched with 37% H3PO4 gel for 15 seconds,washed with distilled water and air dried. A single coat of Adper™ Single Bond 2 adhesive was applied and photo polymerized for 20 seconds and Filtek™ Z- 350 XT composite resin block of length 5mm,width 4mm and height 5mm respectively was built and photo polymerized in increments for 20 seconds each. Group-B (20 teeth):- Similarly the enamel surface was treated with 5.25% NaOCl for 60 seconds, washed with distilled water and then etched with 37% H3PO4 gel for 15 seconds, washed with distilled water and air dried. A single coat of Adper™ Single Bond 2 adhesive was applied and photo polymerized for 20 seconds and Filtek™ Z- 350 XT composite resin block of length 5mm, width 4mm and height 5mm respectively was built and photo polymerized in increments for 20 seconds each. The shear bond strength of all the samples were measured (in MPa) on Instron Mechanical Testing Machine. Results: The mean shear bond strength value for Group-A was 13.51 ± 5.726 MPa and for Group-B being 15.06 ± 6.220 MPa. No statistically significant difference in the shear bond strengths was observed between the two groups. Conclusions:No significant effect of sodium hypochlorite enamel deproteinization on the shear bond strength of Adper™ Single Bond 2 adhesive and Filtek™ Z- 350 XT composite resin before acid etching was observed in this study.

scholarly journals Etching Enamel for Orthodontics with an Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet Laser System

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güvenç Basaran ◽  
Törün Özer ◽  
Nükhet Berk ◽  
Orhan Hamamcı
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Adhesive Remnant Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Power Outputs

Abstract Objective: To test the shear bond strength, surface characteristics, and fracture mode of brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser operated at different power outputs: 0.5 W, 1 W, and 2 W. Materials and Methods: Human premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. Enamel was etched with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser system operated at one of three power outputs or with orthophosphoric acid. Results: The shear bond strength associated with the 0.5-W laser irradiation was significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other irradiations. Both the 1-W and 2-W laser irradiations were capable of etching enamel in the same manner. This finding was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy examination. The evaluation of adhesive-remnant-index scores demonstrated no statistically significant difference in bond failure site among the groups, except for the 0.5-W laser–etched group. Generally, more adhesive was left on the enamel surface with laser irradiation than with acid etching. Conclusion: The mean shear bond strength and enamel surface etching obtained with an Er,Cr: YSGG laser (operated at 1 W or 2 W for 15 seconds) is comparable to that obtained with acid etching.

scholarly journals Effect of sodium hypochlorite on the bond strength of an adhesive system to superficial and deep dentin

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninoshka Uceda-Gómez ◽  
Alessandra Reis ◽  
Marcela Rocha de Oliveira Carrilho ◽  
Alessandro Dourado Loguercio ◽  
Leonardo Eloy Rodriguez Filho
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Step ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Factors

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength to superficial (SU) and deep (D) dentin, accessed via apical (DA) or occlusal (DO), using One-Step adhesive system applied according to the manufacturer's instructions (C) or following deproteinization with 10% sodium hypochlorite (H) for 60s, after acid etching. Three sound extracted human molars were prepared for each experimental condition. Restorations were performed using Z100 in 2mm increments, each one being light-cured for 40s. Teeth were longitudinally sectioned to obtain stick-shaped specimens with a cross-sectional area of 0.8mm², which were submitted to bond strength test (0.6mm/min). Results obtained after statistical analysis using a two-way ANOVA (substrate vs. surface treatment) and Tukey's test were: SU (35.4 ± 12.3), DO (26.5 ± 8.5), DA (26.1 ± 10.2) following conventional surface treatment, and SU (28.82 ± 12.7), DO (24.3 ± 8.3) and DA (23.5 ± 8.5), after surface treatment using sodium hypochlorite. The interaction of the factors was not significant (p>0.05). However, the main factors were significant (p<0.05). Mean bond strength values in superficial dentin were statistically superior to deep dentin (p<0.05), although no statistically significant difference was observed between the two via of access to deep dentin (SU>DO=DA). The conventional surface treatment resulted in higher bond strength values than the sodium hypochlorite treatment (p<0.05). It was concluded: 1) bond strength values were higher in superficial dentin, 2) no difference was found between the two deep substrate preparations, and 3) the application of sodium hypochlorite following dentin acid etching may reduce bond strengths.

Deproteinizing Agents as an Effective Enamel Bond Enhancer-An in Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Hasija ◽  
Vinod Sachdev ◽  
Shivani Mathur ◽  
Rishi Rath
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different deproteinizing agents on shear bond strength of composite to primary teeth enamel. Study Design: Forty sound primary molars divided in 4 groups of 10 teeth each. In control group 1, enamel was etched for 60 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid and rinsed with water. Group 2: after acid etching deproteinizing agent 5 % sodium hypochlorite was applied for 60 seconds and rinsed. Group 3: after acid etching deproteinizing agent papain gel was applied for 60 seconds and rinsed. Group 4: after acid etching deproteinizing agent bromelain gel applied for 60 seconds and rinsed. Following this, bonding agent was applied to treated enamel surface and composite resin disc were build. Samples were then tested for shear bond strength using Universal Testing Machine. Results: Mean SBS was highest for group 4 and lowest for group 1. No statistically significant difference (p value &gt;0.05) was found between all the four groups. Conclusion: Among deproteinizing agents, deproteinization when carried out with bromelain gel and sodium hypochlorite showed effective bond strength as compared to papain.

Enamel Wetness Effects on Microshear Bond Strength of Different Bonding Agents (Adhesive Systems): An in vitro Comparative Evaluation Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
Girish Kulkarni ◽  
Vinay K Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength

ABSTRACT Aims The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of enamel wetness on microshear bond strength using different adhesive systems. Objectives To evaluate microshear bond strength of three bonding agents on dry enamel; to evaluate microshear bond strength of three bonding agents on wet enamel; and to compare microshear bond strength of three different bonding agents on dry and wet enamel. Materials and methods Sixty extracted noncarious human premolars were selected for this study. Flat enamel surfaces of approximately 3 mm were obtained by grinding the buccal surfaces of premolars with water-cooled diamond disks. This study evaluated one etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Single Bond 2) and two self-etching adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond and Xeno-V). The specimens were divided into two groups (n = 30). Group I (dry) was air-dried for 30 seconds and in group II (wet) surfaces were blotted with absorbent paper to remove excess water. These groups were further divided into six subgroups (n = 10) according to the adhesives used. The resin composite, Filtek Z 250, was bonded to flat enamel surfaces that had been treated with one of the adhesives, following the manufacturer's instructions. After being stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours, bonded specimens were stressed in universal testing machine (Fig. 3) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The data were evaluated with one-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Tukey's Multiple Post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results The two-way ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Post hoc tests showed significant differences among adhesive systems, but wetness did not influence microshear bond strength (p = 0.1762). The one-way ANOVA and t-test showed that the all-in-one adhesive (Xeno-V) was the only material influenced by the presence of water on the enamel surface. Xeno-V showed significantly higher microshear bond strength when the enamel was kept wet. Single Bond 2 adhesive showed significantly higher microshear bond strength as compared with Xeno-V adhesive but no significant difference when compared with Clearfil SE Bond adhesive in dry enamel. Single Bond 2 adhesive showed no significant difference in microshear bond strength as compared with self-etching adhesive systems (Clearfil SE Bond and Xeno-V), when the enamel was kept wet. Conclusion From the findings of the results, it was concluded that self-etching adhesives were not negatively affected by the presence of water on the enamel surface. Clinical significance The all-in-one adhesive showed different behavior depending on whether the enamel surface was dry or wet. So the enamel surface should not be desiccated, when self-etching adhesives are used. How to cite this article Kulkarni G, Mishra VK. Enamel Wetness Effects on Microshear Bond Strength of Different Bonding Agents (Adhesive Systems): An in vitro Comparative Evaluation Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):399-407.

scholarly journals Microshear Bond Strength of a Self-adhesive Composite to Erbium Laser-Treated Primary Enamel

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Tara Zarabian ◽  
Saba Azadi Mood ◽  
Nazanin Kiomarsi ◽  
Homa Noorollahian ◽  
Neda Hakimiha
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Flowable Composite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength ◽  
Flowable Composites

Introduction: Advances have been made in the composition of flowable composites in recent years and self-adhering composites, which do not require a bonding agent, have recently been introduced to the market. This study aimed to assess the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of a self-adhering flowable composite (Vertise) to primary enamel treated with a graphite disc with silicon carbide particles (SIC) and laser irradiation, the result of which was compared to that of a conventional flowable composite (Premise). Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, 72 samples of sound primary enamel were evaluated. A smooth enamel surface was obtained using a graphite disc. Next, the erbium chromium yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser was used for enamel surface treatment in half of the samples (n=36). All the samples were then randomly divided into 4 groups of (i) Premise flowable composite (PF) without laser (n=18), (ii) Vertise flowable composite (VF) without laser (n=18), (iii) PF with laser (n=18), and (iv) VF with laser (n=18). The teeth were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and were then subjected to thermocycling. The µSBS of samples was measured using a universal testing machine and reported in megapascal (MPa). Data were analyzed using SPSS via the two-way ANOVA and independent-samples t test at P<0.05. Results: The mean µSBS of VF was significantly higher to the laser-treated samples (13.60±5.47) compared with the non-treated samples (5.89±2.42) (P<0.001). However, no significant difference was noted in the µSBS of PF to the laser-treated (13.18±3.45) and non-treated samples (16.06±3.52) (P=0.058). Conclusion: The µSBS of the conventional flowable composite is higher than that of the selfadhering flowable composite to the enamel of primary teeth. Enamel surface treatment with laser irradiation increases the µSBS of self-adhering flowable composites.

scholarly journals Laser Conditioning: A Preferred Option Over Conventional Acid Etching for Orthodontic Bonding

2020 ◽  
pp. 030157422095716
Author(s):  
Piradhiba R. ◽  
Shahul Hameed Faizee ◽  
N.R. Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Laser Conditioning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Bonding ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

Aim: To evaluate the demineralization resistance and the shear bond strength of enamel surfaces after erbium, chromium: yttrium–scandium–gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser etching (2 W/15 Hz, 2 W/25 Hz) and to compare them with conventional acid etching for orthodontic bonding. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 extracted human premolars with intact enamel surface were used for this study. Demineralization Resistance was estimated using ion-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Shear bond strength was evaluated using Universal Testing Machine—Instron. Results: Statistically significant difference ( P < .001) was found in the concentration of dissolved calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), with the highest mean Ca and P in the acid-etched group, followed by 2 W/15 Hz laser-etched group and least with 2 W/25 Hz laser-etched group. Maximum bond strength was found in the acid-etched group (12.06 MPa), followed by the 2 W/25 Hz laser-etched group (9.01 MPa) and 2 W/15 Hz laser-etched group (8.39 MPa). The differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: Laser conditioning of enamel surface revealed significant demineralization resistance with a minimal dissolution of Ca and P ions in the demineralizing solution. Moreover, optimum bond strength was obtained similar to that of acid etching; hence, Er,Cr:YSGG laser conditioning of enamel surface is preferred over the conventional phosphoric acid etching for orthodontic bonding.

Effect of Different Protocols in Preconditioning With EDTA in Sclerotic Dentin and Enamel Before Universal Adhesives Applied in Self-etch Mode

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Martini ◽  
SO Parreiras ◽  
MF Gutierrez ◽  
AD Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Microtensile Bond Strength ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Main Factor

SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different protocols of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) conditioning on the etching pattern and immediate bond strength of universal adhesives to enamel and sclerotic dentin. Methods and Materials: Forty bovine teeth with sclerotic dentin and 20 human third molars were randomly divided into eight groups resulting from the combination of the main factors surface treatment (none, two-minute EDTA conditioning manual application, 30-second EDTA manual application, 30-second EDTA sonic application) and adhesives systems (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive [SBU] and Prime & Bond Elect [PBE]). Resin-dentin and enamel-dentin bond specimens were prepared and tested under the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and microshear bond strength (μSBS) tests, respectively. The etching pattern produced on the unground enamel and the sclerotic dentin surfaces under the different protocols and adhesive systems was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy. Results: For enamel, only the main factor adhesive was significant (p&lt;0.0001), with SBU showing the highest μSBS. In sclerotic dentin, the lowest mean was observed for the group without EDTA application and the highest mean in the group with EDTA application with the sonic device for 30 seconds. Regardless of the EDTA protocol, the highest means of μTBS were observed for SBU (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: EDTA conditioning improves the bonding performance of universal adhesives in the self-etch mode on sclerotic dentin, mainly when applied for 30 seconds with the aid of a sonic device. EDTA pretreatment also improves the retentive etching pattern of enamel, but it does not result in higher enamel bond strength.

scholarly journals Effect of Application Time of Two Different Disinfectants on the Surface Roughness of an Elastomeric Impression Material

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Karaman ◽  
Faruk Oztekin ◽  
Samet Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Pathogens, such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human immunodeficiency virus are transmitted, threatening the health of dental laboratory workers, especially as a result of saliva and blood contact of patients. To prevent cross-infection, impression materials should be disinfected at the end of the impression process in the mouth. Aim: To study the effect of application time of sodium hypochlorite and quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant solution on the surface roughness of an elastomeric impression material. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study done during March 2020, 10 disc-shaped samples were used in each group, with a total of 110 samples obtained from a light body elastomeric impression material with dimensions of 15×3 mm. The samples were kept in a sodium hypochlorite solution (Wizard; Rehber Kimya, Istanbul, Turkey) at concentrations of 1% and 5% for 1, 5, 10, and 30 minutes and in a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant (Zeta 7 Solution, Zhermack SpA, Italy) for 10 and 30 minutes. Surface roughness measurements were taken with a profilometer device. The data obtained were statistically analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon signed rank test for dependent/paired groups for the continuous data. The significance level was set to α=0.05. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the 1% sodium hypochlorite (30 min p-value 0.037), and 5% sodium hypochlorite (30 min p-value 0.017). The statistical evaluation of the surface roughness of the samples with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and the same times was done and found statistically significant at 30 mins, p-value 0.021. Conclusion: The prolonged application of the sodium hypochlorite disinfectant at 1% and 5% concentrations caused a significant increase in the light body elastomeric impression material’s surface roughness

Etching Patterns of Sodium Hypochlorite Pretreated Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta Primary Molars: SEM Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Amel Mahmoud Ahmed ◽  
Dina Nagy ◽  
Mona Abdallah Elkateb
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Group Control Group

Aim: To investigate the etching patterns of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in primary molars pretreated with 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid application using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Study design: Ten hypocalcified AI primary molars were collected, sectioned longitudinally into 2 parts and allocated into two groups of ten specimens each. The enamel surface in the first group (control group) was etched using 37% phosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds; while in the second group (study group), it was pretreated using 5.25 sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl) for 60 seconds prior to acid etching. Each specimen was examined at 16 different sites, and evaluated for the etching pattern (types I, II, and III) distribution using SEM. A total of 320 microphotographs at 1,500 magnification were obtained using Auto-Cad 2007 software. Results: The etching pattern with phosphoric acid was not uniform with predominance of type III etching (65.63%), while the pretreated enamel surfaces showed a significant increase in type I and II(82.5%) etching patterns (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Treatment of primary teeth affected by hypocalcified AI using 5.25% NaOCl prior to phosphoric acid etching significantly improves the etching pattern which is required for good resin bonding.

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