scholarly journals Influence of machining conditions on friction in metal cutting process – A review

Mechanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Wit Grzesik ◽  
Joel Rech
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

This paper presents a range of variable machining factors which influence substantially friction directly or by the tool wear developed in the cutting zone. The group of direct factors include the workpiece and cutting tool materials coupled, the cutting/sliding velocity, cooling media supplied to the tool-chip contact zone, modification of the tool contact faces by micro-texturing. Special attention was paid to the tool wear evolution and its pronounced effect on changes of the contact conditions.

An Outlook on Tool Wear Mechanisms of Selected Cutting Tool Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Oduola ◽  
O Awopetu ◽  
C Ikutegbe ◽  
K Akinluwade ◽  
A Adetunji
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Tool Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

Tool Wear Investigations on Some Cutting Tool Materials

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tungsten Carbides ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Titanium Carbides ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

Tool life curves were plotted for HSS, cemented tungsten carbides, coated carbides, and cemented titanium carbides. HSS tools showed a distinct inflection coinciding with the formation of a white diffusion layer. Crater wear propagation studies were carried out on all tools and in addition on laminated carbides. HSS, laminated carbide, and cemented titanium carbide show a tendency to form a closed crater, revealing that in these tools diffusion is a mode of wear.

Progress on Research of Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Materials Using CBN Cutting Tools

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 910-913
Author(s):  
Shi Long Gao ◽  
Li Bao An ◽  
Xiao Chong Wang ◽  
Song Gao
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

Some engineering materials have excellent performances, but the machining of these materials is a problem. It is very inadequate to meet machining requirement only using traditional cutting tool materials. Therefore, exploring the machinability of difficult-to-machine materials and applying appropriate cutting tool materials have drawn much attention in metal cutting industry for guarantied product quality and productivity. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) has been recognized as one of the most suitable cutting tool materials due to its high hardness, high wear resistance, high chemical inertness, and excellent chemical stability in high temperature. Research on various aspects of CBN cutting performances has been conducted in recent years. This paper presents the progress on machining difficult-to-machine materials using CBN cutting tools.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of the influence of tool wear on the temperature in the cutting zone during the turning of metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 02011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor P. Lapshin ◽  
Tatiana S. Babenko ◽  
Valentin S. Minakov ◽  
Sergey I. Kambulov
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Back Face ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Heat Released

The work is devoted to the questions of experimental estimation of the influence of the degree of the tool wear, during turning of metals in metal-cutting machines, on the level of thermal energy in the contact area of the tool with the workpiece. In the work, the experimental method revealed that with the increasing of the tool wear along the back face, the power of the released thermal energy in the contact zone of the tool and the machined part increases. This is associated with an increase in the power of irreversible pre-formations in the contact area of the tool with the workpiece, the result of which is the growth of energy consumption and the growth of conversion of this energy into thermal energy in the contact zone. The main conclusion on the work can be a conclusion about the repetition of the appearance of the dependence of the level of thermal energy in the cutting zone on time, the graph of the dependence of the degree of deterioration of the instrument on time. Proceeding from this, we can talk about the possibility of linear interpolation of the heat level from the degree of wear during the synthesis of mathematical models of the processes accompanying the cutting of metals in metal cutting machines. From the point of view of a possible explanation of this connection, it can be that with the increase of the tool wear, the capacity of irreversible transformations in the workpiece and in the tool itself grows, and the result of the growth of this capacity is the increase in the power of the heat released during processing.

scholarly journals A Review of Indirect Tool Condition Monitoring Systems and Decision-Making Methods in Turning: Critical Analysis and Trends

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kuntoğlu ◽  
Abdullah Aslan ◽  
Danil Yurievich Pimenov ◽  
Üsame Ali Usca ◽  
Emin Salur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Tool Condition Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Tool Condition ◽  
Condition Monitoring Systems ◽  
Cutting Zone

The complex structure of turning aggravates obtaining the desired results in terms of tool wear and surface roughness. The existence of high temperature and pressure make difficult to reach and observe the cutting area. In-direct tool condition, monitoring systems provide tracking the condition of cutting tool via several released or converted energy types, namely, heat, acoustic emission, vibration, cutting forces and motor current. Tool wear inevitably progresses during metal cutting and has a relationship with these energy types. Indirect tool condition monitoring systems use sensors situated around the cutting area to state the wear condition of the cutting tool without intervention to cutting zone. In this study, sensors mostly used in indirect tool condition monitoring systems and their correlations between tool wear are reviewed to summarize the literature survey in this field for the last two decades. The reviews about tool condition monitoring systems in turning are very limited, and relationship between measured variables such as tool wear and vibration require a detailed analysis. In this work, the main aim is to discuss the effect of sensorial data on tool wear by considering previous published papers. As a computer aided electronic and mechanical support system, tool condition monitoring paves the way for machining industry and the future and development of Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals Methods and devices for measuring metal cutting friction and wear

Mechanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Wit Grzesik ◽  
Joel Rech
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Cutting Zone

This paper presents different constructions of tribometers for determination of friction and tool wear developed in the cutting zone between the cutting tool and the workpiece materials. They are classified as the closed and open tribotesters. Relevant measuring techniques of various process outputs such as cutting forces, tool wear, cutting temperature and heat flux entering the contact surface of the rubbing element are outlined. Some limitations and practical applications are highlighted.

scholarly journals Researches regarding introducing temperature as a factor in cutting tool wear monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 01013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinela Inţă ◽  
Achim Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Tool Wear Monitoring ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Reliability Of Results ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Wear Monitoring ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Indirect Indicator

Monitoring the tool state during the cutting process becomes very important since the introduction of CAM in manufacturing process. The tool life based only on economic data is not enough especially in the case precision cutting due to the scattering of tool wear which depends on much more mechanical and physical properties of the workpiece and tool materials. Attempts to assess the state of wear of the tool by direct measurement of the wear indicators have been unsuccessful due to difficult access in the cutting zone and measurement imprecision. We have so wear patterns appreciation by measuring indirect indicators of wear, the main models are based on measuring vibration, acoustic emission or cutting forces and power consumption separately or together. These models have the disadvantage that should be followed at least two indicators simultaneously for a minimum precision of the results. Considering the wear models developed over time it can be seen that there is a clear relationship between wear and stabilized temperature. The paper aims to study the introduction temperature as indirect indicator of tool state in addition to the existing indicators, this leads to increased reliability of results of monitoring of wear.

Hard Nano-Crystalline Coatings for Cutting Tools

2007 ◽  
Vol 567-568 ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Piska
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
The Right ◽  
Machining Productivity ◽  
Hard Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

Modern trends in metal cutting, high speed/feed machining, dry cutting and hard cutting set more demanding characteristics for cutting tool materials. The exposed parts of the cutting edges must be protected against the severe loading conditions and wear. The most significant coatings methods for cutting tools are PVD and CVD/MTCVD today. The choice of the right substrate or the right protective coating in the specific machining operation can have serious impact on machining productivity and economy. In many cases the deposition of the cutting tool with a hard coating increases considerably its cutting performance and tool life. The coating protects the tool against abrasion, adhesion, diffusion, formation of comb cracks and other wear phenomena.

Synergetic Concept of Software Control of Machining Processes on Metal-Cutting Machines

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
V.L. Zakovorotny ◽  
V.E. Gvindzhiliya
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
External Control ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cutting System

High precision metal-cutting machines ensure that the programmed machine actuator trajectories correspond to the real ones. For lathes these are the trajectories of the longitudinal and transverse calipers of the system, as well as the spindle. The purpose of processing is to produce parts of a given quality while minimizing the manufacturing costs. The condition of the dynamic cutting system, determined by the trajectories of forces and deformations, affects the quality indicators of parts and the cutting efficiency, which depends on the intensity of tool wear. The properties of the system change depending on the phase trajectory of the power of irreversible transformations of the energy supplied to the cutting zone by the work performed. Their changes related with the evolution of the parameters of the dynamic link formed by cutting are manifested in the development of tool wear and changes in the quality of the part. Thus, the power of irreversible energy transformations is one of the internal factors causing changes in the output characteristics of processing and the state of the process. In this regard, when processing on machine tools, there is a problem of synergistic coordination of external control (for example, the CNC program) with internal one, the source of which is the irreversible transformation of the energy supplied to the cutting zone. The article considers the problem of synergetic coordination of external and internal controls during cutting process, the solution of which will allow increasing the efficiency of processing on CNC machines. A mathematical model of a controlled dynamic cutting system and control algorithms are proposed to improve the efficiency of processing parts of a given quality while minimizing the intensity of tool wear. Testing of the developed algorithms has shown that their use reduces the cost of manufacturing parts by 1.2.

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