scholarly journals Recurrent croup in children: problems and ways of their solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
N. G. Abaeva ◽  
N. D. Vernigora ◽  
L. A. Safronenko ◽  
V. V. Karpov ◽  
M. G. Lukashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventive Methods

In this review, we analyse morbidity, anamnesis, clinical features, immunological status, catamnesis, treatment options and ways of prevention of acute and recurrent croup in children studied over the past four decades. Based on the accomplished analysis, we stipulate the need for conducting a scientific research on the recurrent croup problem, development of preventive methods and guidelines.

scholarly journals Cat Respiratory Nematodes: Current Knowledge, Novel Data and Warranted Studies on Clinical Features, Treatment and Control

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Anastasia Diakou ◽  
Mariasole Colombo ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Alessandra Barlaam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Capillaria Aerophila ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior and Capillaria aerophila are the most important parasites inhabiting the airways of cats. They are receiving growing attention from academia, pharmaceutical companies and veterinarians, and are now considered a primary cause of respiratory diseases in feline clinical practice and parasitology. In the past few years, several studies have been conducted in both natural and experimental settings to increase knowledge, provide new insights and fill gaps on respiratory parasitoses of cats. Awareness and knowledge of clinical scenarios towards appropriate and timely diagnosis and prompt and efficacious treatment options have become a priority to investigate. At the same time, chemopreventative approaches have been evaluated to assess the geographical spreading of these parasites and the rise in the number of clinical cases in cat populations of different countries. Given the intense accumulation of novel data, this review presents and discusses the state of the art and the latest updates on the clinical features, treatment, and control of major respiratory parasitoses of cats. Moreover, food for thought is also provided with the aim of spurring on new studies in the near future.

Endovenous procedures in varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
N. Cayne ◽  
G. Jacobowitz ◽  
P. Lamparello ◽  
T. Maldonado ◽  
C. Rockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Intense Pulse Light ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Endovenous Laser Ablation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Endovenous Treatment

SummaryOver the past ten years endoveous treatment options for varicose veins have evovled considerably, offering clinicians a multitude of options to meet the needs of their patients. The endothermal ablation procedures have moved to the forefront as the choice modality for treating truncal reflux. Both radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation are widely accepted and interchangeable, showing comparable efficacy and safety. Although numerous endovenous laser wavelengths exist, the data indicates that the differences do not affect the efficacy or postoperative recovery of the procedure. The endovenous laser innovation that has shown early evidence of improved patient outcome is the jacket-tip fiber. The versatility of sclerotherapy makes it a critical component in the endovenous treatment of varicosities. Although not approved by the Food and Drug Administration (USA), the use of a foamed sclerosing agent is the fastest growing segment of sclerotherapy and an important treatment modality in the future of varicose vein treatment. Cutaneous lasers and intense pulse light devices contribute a crucial element, enabling clinicians to treat minute veins that may be impossible to treat with other therapies.

Severe Influenza: Clinical Features and Treatment Options

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Dunning ◽  
Peter Openshaw
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Severe Influenza

Conventional versus Mindfulness-based Interventions for Anxiety and Worry: A Review and Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Deah Jo Abbott ◽  
Caleb Wayne Lack
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent and most functionally impairing psychiatric problems experienced by the population. Both pharmacological and psychological evidencebased treatments exist for a number of specific disorders, but may fail to fully relieve symptoms, pointing to the need for additional treatment options. Often considered to be part of the “third wave” of cognitive-behavioral therapies, treatments incorporating mindfulness have emerged in the past two decades as increasingly popular with clinicians and frequently sought out by consumers. The present article reviews the extant literature regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of mindfulnessbased treatments for anxiety, worry, and related problems. Although they have not attained the solid empirical status of CBT or certain pharmacological treatments, the extant research shows mindfulness- based interventions appear to be a promising and useful treatment for people suffering from anxiety and worry. Further work should be done, levels 3-5 of the NIH stage model to determine whether or not they should be further implemented.

scholarly journals Legacies of Racial Violence: Clarifying and Addressing the Presence of the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 694 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
David Cunningham ◽  
Hedwig Lee ◽  
Geoff Ward
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
The Past

Scholars increasingly agree that histories of racial violence relate to contemporary patterns of conflict and inequality, and growing interest exists among civic leaders in reckoning with these legacies today. This volume examines the contributions and limitations of scientific research on legacies of racial violence and suggests implications for policy, practice, and other forms of intervention aimed at redress.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Advances in Oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Jinsha Liu ◽  
Priyanka Pandya ◽  
Sepideh Afshar
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Bispecific Antibodies ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Novel Targets

Around 77 new oncology drugs were approved by the FDA in the past five years; however, most cancers remain untreated. Small molecules and antibodies are dominant therapeutic modalities in oncology. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, peptides, cell, and gene-therapies are emerging to address the unmet patient need. Advancement in the discovery and development platforms, identification of novel targets, and emergence of new technologies have greatly expanded the treatment options for patients. Here, we provide an overview of various therapeutic modalities and the current treatment options in oncology, and an in-depth discussion of the therapeutics in the preclinical stage for the treatment of breast cancer, lung cancer, and multiple myeloma.

Advances in Surgical Approaches to Dural Fistulas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S32-S41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick P. Youssef ◽  
Albert Jess Schuette ◽  
C. Michael Cawley ◽  
Daniel L. Barrow
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Venous Hypertension ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Dural Sinus ◽  
Intraoperative Angiography ◽  
Indocyanine Green Videoangiography ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Abstract Dural arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal connections of dural arteries to dural veins or venous sinuses originating from within the dural leaflets. They are usually located near or within the wall of a dural venous sinus that is frequently obstructed or stenosed. The dural fistula sac is contained within the dural leaflets, and drainage can be via a dural sinus or retrograde through cortical veins (leptomeningeal drainage). Dural arteriovenous fistulas can occur at any dural sinus but are found most frequently at the cavernous or transverse sinus. Leptomeningeal venous drainage can lead to venous hypertension and intracranial hemorrhage. The various treatment options include transarterial and transvenous embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, and open surgery. Although many of the advances in dural arteriovenous fistula treatment have occurred in the endovascular arena, open microsurgical advances in the past decade have primarily been in the tools available to the surgeon. Improvements in microsurgical and skull base approaches have allowed surgeons to approach and obliterate fistulas with little or no retraction of the brain. Image-guided systems have also allowed better localization and more efficient approaches. A better understanding of the need to simply obliterate the venous drainage at the site of the fistula has eliminated the riskier resections of the past. Finally, the use of intraoperative angiography or indocyanine green videoangiography confirms the complete disconnection of fistula while the patient is still on the operating room table, preventing reoperation for residual fistulas.

Modelling and computation of liquid crystals

Acta Numerica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 765-851
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Pingwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Crystalline Solids ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tremendous Progress

Liquid crystals are a type of soft matter that is intermediate between crystalline solids and isotropic fluids. The study of liquid crystals has made tremendous progress over the past four decades, which is of great importance for fundamental scientific research and has widespread applications in industry. In this paper we review the mathematical models and their connections to liquid crystals, and survey the developments of numerical methods for finding rich configurations of liquid crystals.

Clinical, Microbial, and Biochemical Aspects of the Exfoliative Toxins Causing Staphylococcal Scalded-Skin Syndrome

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamez Ladhani ◽  
Christopher L. Joannou ◽  
Denise P. Lochrie ◽  
Robert W. Evans ◽  
Susan M. Poston
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
Disease Understanding ◽  
Significant Mortality

SUMMARY The exfoliative (epidermolytic) toxins of Staphylococcus aureus are the causative agents of the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS), a blistering skin disorder that predominantly affects children. Clinical features of SSSS vary along a spectrum, ranging from a few localized blisters to generalized exfoliation covering almost the entire body. The toxins act specifically at the zona granulosa of the epidermis to produce the characteristic exfoliation, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is still poorly understood. Despite the availability of antibiotics, SSSS carries a significant mortality rate, particularly among neonates with secondary complications of epidermal loss and among adults with underlying diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature spanning more than a century and to cover all aspects of the disease. The epidemiology, clinical features, potential complications, risk factors, susceptibility, diagnosis, differential diagnoses, investigations currently available, treatment options, and preventive measures are all discussed in detail. Recent crystallographic data on the toxins has provided us with a clearer and more defined approach to studying the disease. Understanding their mode of action has important implications in future treatment and prevention of SSSS and other diseases, and knowledge of their specific site of action may provide a useful tool for physiologists, dermatologists, and pharmacologists.

scholarly journals Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Renaissance of an Old Concept

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Felgner ◽  
Dino Kocijancic ◽  
Michael Frahm ◽  
Siegfried Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds ◽  
The 19Th Century

The rising incidence of cancer cases worldwide generates an urgent need of novel treatment options. Applying bacteria may represent a valuable therapeutic variant that is intensively investigated nowadays. Interestingly, the idea to apply bacteria wittingly or unwittingly dates back to ancient times and was revived in the 19th century mainly by the pioneer William Coley. This review summarizes and compares the results of the past 150 years in bacteria mediated tumor therapy from preclinical to clinical studies. Lessons we have learned from the past provide a solid foundation on which to base future efforts. In this regard, several perspectives are discussed by which bacteria in addition to their intrinsic antitumor effect can be used as vector systems that shuttle therapeutic compounds into the tumor. Strategic solutions like these provide a sound and more apt exploitation of bacteria that may overcome limitations of conventional therapies.

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