scholarly journals Cat Respiratory Nematodes: Current Knowledge, Novel Data and Warranted Studies on Clinical Features, Treatment and Control

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Simone Morelli ◽  
Anastasia Diakou ◽  
Mariasole Colombo ◽  
Angela Di Cesare ◽  
Alessandra Barlaam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Capillaria Aerophila ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior and Capillaria aerophila are the most important parasites inhabiting the airways of cats. They are receiving growing attention from academia, pharmaceutical companies and veterinarians, and are now considered a primary cause of respiratory diseases in feline clinical practice and parasitology. In the past few years, several studies have been conducted in both natural and experimental settings to increase knowledge, provide new insights and fill gaps on respiratory parasitoses of cats. Awareness and knowledge of clinical scenarios towards appropriate and timely diagnosis and prompt and efficacious treatment options have become a priority to investigate. At the same time, chemopreventative approaches have been evaluated to assess the geographical spreading of these parasites and the rise in the number of clinical cases in cat populations of different countries. Given the intense accumulation of novel data, this review presents and discusses the state of the art and the latest updates on the clinical features, treatment, and control of major respiratory parasitoses of cats. Moreover, food for thought is also provided with the aim of spurring on new studies in the near future.

Relevance of Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Sood ◽  
Damanpreet Kaur Lang ◽  
Rajwinder Kaur ◽  
Balraj Saini ◽  
Sandeep Arora
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Near Future

: Efficacious treatment for breast cancer is still a challenge despite the presence of various treatment options. Aromatase enzyme present in the breast tissue is responsible for estrogen formation from androgens. Aromatase inhibitors manifest remarkably ameliorated therapeutic efficacy as compared to the current therapeutic options available and exhibit a better safety profile as compared to the other drugs. Clinical resistance to aromatase inhibitors is perceived as a lack of growth inhibition by aromatase inhibitors treatment and cancer therapy becomes ineffective in causing a decrease in the size of the tumor. Naturally extracted aromatase inhibitors have a huge positive impact on vitality and living standards. This review article highlights the particulars about the currently approved steroidal and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors for clinical use, adverse effects associated with their use and approach to tackling the problem, various strategies to overcome aromatase inhibitors resistance, information on the synthesis of various peculiar aromatase inhibitors which can prove as highly efficient and potent drugs in the near future and the drugs of natural and semi-synthetic origin which can demonstrate to be more efficient, potent and less-toxic than conventional therapy.

scholarly journals Recurrent croup in children: problems and ways of their solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
N. G. Abaeva ◽  
N. D. Vernigora ◽  
L. A. Safronenko ◽  
V. V. Karpov ◽  
M. G. Lukashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventive Methods

In this review, we analyse morbidity, anamnesis, clinical features, immunological status, catamnesis, treatment options and ways of prevention of acute and recurrent croup in children studied over the past four decades. Based on the accomplished analysis, we stipulate the need for conducting a scientific research on the recurrent croup problem, development of preventive methods and guidelines.

scholarly journals Successful treatment of PLA2R1-antibody positive membranous nephropathy with ocrelizumab

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Schmidt ◽  
Matthias Schulze ◽  
Sigrid Harendza ◽  
Elion Hoxha
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
B Cell Depletion ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Past ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Cd20 Antibody

Abstract Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The disease is induced by antibodies, which are directed against the podocyte protein phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1-ab) in 80% of cases. B cell depleting treatments, most notably rituximab, a chimeric CD20-antibody, are often effective for treatment of MN. However, in 35–40% of patients rituximab fails to induce remission of disease and relapses after rituximab-induced remission are frequent. Therefore, alternative treatment options are necessary. Over the past years optimized antibodies targeting CD20 were designed to overcome side effects or sensitization to the murine fractions of rituximab and potentially improve B cell depletion. Ocrelizumab is a humanized B cell depleting antibody, approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we report the case of a patient who was diagnosed with MS and, 8 years later, developed PLA2R1-associated MN. Treatment for MS was switched to the CD20-antibody ocrelizumab, which was expected to deplete B cells and potentially induce remission of MN. After treatment with ocrelizumab PLA2R1-ab disappeared from the circulation and the patient developed remission of proteinuria. Ocrelizumab might be an efficacious treatment alternative for patients with MN who fail to achieve remission or are immunologically sensitized to rituximab.

scholarly journals Self-Control and Crime: Beyond Gottfredson & Hirschi's Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callie H. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Control Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Over the past several decades, Gottfredson & Hirschi's self-control theory (SCT) has dominated research on self-control and crime. In this review, I assess the current state of self-control knowledge and encourage the field to move beyond SCT, as its peculiar conceptualization of self-control and the causal model present challenges for integrative scholarship. Drawing heavily on scholarship outside criminology, I clarify the definition of self-control; describe the malleable nature of trait self-control; highlight its situational variability as state self-control; and consider the multiplicity of contextual, situational, and individual factors that affect its operation in relation to crime. This specification of contingencies and the interplay between impulse strength and control efforts in the process of self-control is intended as a springboard for research moving beyond SCT and its key premise that self-control (ability) is sufficient to explain individual variation in crime (i.e., is tantamount to criminality). Finally, I address what I see as important areas for further study in light of current knowledge.

Drive and car tourism: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Bruce Prideaux
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to briefly review the development of drive tourism in the past 75 years, highlight contemporary issues that will shape the structure of drive tourism in the near future and speculate on how drive tourism may develop in future decades. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on a range of academic and grey literature to identify the major trends that are now emerging in the drive tourism sector. These trends form the basis for observations on how new and emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles may offer new drive tourism opportunities in coming decades. Findings Recent and near-future advances in automobile technologies, including propulsion and control, are likely to radically alter the structure and operation of drive tourism, offering new opportunities for participation in this form of tourism. The paper observes that the tourism industry must act in a proactive rather than reactive manner if it is to maximise the opportunities that will emerge “from” the coming period of climate change and technology-generated disruption. Social implications Drive tourism has opened many previously remote areas for tourism bringing benefits such as employment and business opportunities. However, the growth of drive tourism may also have social costs including disruption to local social norms as people migrate into and out of these areas in search of new economic opportunities. Future developments in drive tourism may create similar disruptions. Originality/value Despite the size and value of the global drive tourism market, academic investigation has been limited. The value of this paper lies in its identification of a range of issues that need further research, including the need to rethink the structure of drive tourism and how new technologies and future responses to climate change may affect this sector.

scholarly journals Current Treatment Options for Cystic Fibrosis-Related Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Staufer
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Near Future

Cystic Fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), and affects children and adults. The understanding of the pathogenesis of CFLD is key in order to develop efficacious treatments. However, it remains complex, and has not been clarified to the last. The search for a drug might be additionally complicated due to the diverse clinical picture and lack of a unified definition of CFLD. Although ursodeoxycholic acid has been used for decades, its efficacy in CFLD is controversial, and the potential of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators and targeted gene therapy in CFLD needs to be defined in the near future. This review focuses on the current knowledge on treatment strategies for CFLD based on pathomechanistic viewpoints.

scholarly journals Use of Probiotics in Aquaculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Martínez Cruz ◽  
Ana L. Ibáñez ◽  
Oscar A. Monroy Hermosillo ◽  
Hugo C. Ramírez Saad
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Careful Management

The growth of aquaculture as an industry has accelerated over the past decades; this has resulted in environmental damages and low productivity of various crops. The need for increased disease resistance, growth of aquatic organisms, and feed efficiency has brought about the use of probiotics in aquaculture practices. The first application of probiotics occurred in 1986, to test their ability to increase growth of hydrobionts (organisms that live in water). Later, probiotics were used to improve water quality and control of bacterial infections. Nowadays, there is documented evidence that probiotics can improve the digestibility of nutrients, increase tolerance to stress, and encourage reproduction. Currently, there are commercial probiotic products prepared from various bacterial species such as Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Carnobacterium sp., and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae among others, and their use is regulated by careful management recommendations. The present paper shows the current knowledge of the use of probiotics in aquaculture, its antecedents, and safety measures to be carried out and discusses the prospects for study in this field.

scholarly journals The Desmosomal Plaque Proteins of the Plakophilin Family

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Neuber ◽  
Mario Mühmer ◽  
Denise Wratten ◽  
Peter J. Koch ◽  
Roland Moll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Skin Fragility ◽  
Heart Abnormalities ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cell Adhesion Proteins ◽  
Abnormal Tissue

Three related proteins of the plakophilin family (PKP1_3) have been identified as junctional proteins that are essential for the formation and stabilization of desmosomal cell contacts. Failure of PKP expression can have fatal effects on desmosomal adhesion, leading to abnormal tissue and organ development. Thus, loss of functional PKP 1 in humans leads to ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility (EDSF) syndrome, a genodermatosis with severe blistering of the epidermis as well as abnormal keratinocytes differentiation. Mutations in the human PKP 2 gene have been linked to severe heart abnormalities that lead to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). In the past few years it has been shown that junctional adhesion is not the only function of PKPs. These proteins have been implicated in cell signaling, organization of the cytoskeleton, and control of protein biosynthesis under specific cellular circumstances. Clearly, PKPs are more than just cell adhesion proteins. In this paper we will give an overview of our current knowledge on the very distinct roles of plakophilins in the cell.

scholarly journals Refining Adjuvant Therapy for Endometrial Cancer: New Standards and Perspectives

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Alessandra Giustozzi ◽  
Vanda Salutari ◽  
Elena Giudice ◽  
Lucia Musacchio ◽  
Caterina Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Improve Patient Management ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Improve Patient

Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent cancer of the reproductive female organs. Most endometrial cancers are diagnosed at early stage (75%). Treatment options depend on pathogenetic, histopathologic and clinical characteristic at the diagnosis. To improve patient management in the near future, recent research has focused on new molecular features; evidence has shown that these give a better definition of patient prognosis and can help in tailoring adjuvant treatments by identifying specific subgroups of patients whose tumors may benefit from specific therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will focus on current knowledge of adjuvant treatment of endometrial carcinoma, using a prognostic-risk group stratification based on pathogenetic, clinical and molecular features, and will take a look at the ongoing trials that will further change the therapeutic approach in coming years.

scholarly journals Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: lessons from clinical trials over the past 25 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1701209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Raghu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
First Time

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease. A major breakthrough in treatment came when, after decades of clinical trials which failed to identify an efficacious treatment regimen, two therapies were successful in Phase-III trials. The advent of these therapies, nintedanib and pirfenidone, meant that for the first time IPF patients had two treatment options that could reduce disease progression. This review summarises the key lessons to be obtained from the clinical trials that led to the current international clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of IPF and provides insights for the design of future clinical trials that are needed if we are to improve outcomes that are clinically meaningful to IPF patients.

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