scholarly journals DIFFICULTIES OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN ATYPICAL LEIOMYOMA AND LEIOMYOSARCOMA OF THE UTERINE BODY

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
E A Kogan ◽  
M A Solomakhina ◽  
S I Askolskaya ◽  
Yu V Popov ◽  
A V Kozachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Leiomyoma Of The Uterus ◽  
Uterine Body

Leiomyoma of the uterus is a benign hormone-dependent tumors in women.The incidence of LM among gynecological diseases is 25 to 50%, according to different authors. In reproductive-aged women its frequency is about 30%. WHO recommends to allocate leiomyoma, which in russian literature often referred to as a simple or ordinary leiomyoma, and its histologic variants (cellular, mitotic activity, epithelioid, myxoid, atypical leiomyoma and lipoleyomioma etc.).We performed clinical and morphological analysis of atypical uterine leiomyoma in 44-year-old woman. Immunohistochemical study detected positive reaction to smooth muscle actin, dismin, progesterone receptors, N-caldesmon. Adverse reactions to c-kit, ER keratins. Proliferation index by Ki-67 does not exceed 10%. At the molecular genetic research in the studied loci, the microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity, characteristic of the LMS, were not revealed.

scholarly journals Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in a Tailgut Cyst with Carcinoid Tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S76-S77
Author(s):  
N Mohamed ◽  
D Rampisela ◽  
L M Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Presacral Space ◽  
Tailgut Cyst ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Female Predominance

Abstract Introduction/Objective Tailgut cysts (TC) are congenital lesions that arise in the presacral space. They originate from the embryonic hindgut and usually present between the ages of 30-60, with female predominance. TCs are usually asymptomatic or can present with lower back, perianal or pelvic pain. Malignant transformation of a TC is a rare complication, with adenocarcinoma being the most common, followed by carcinoid tumor. About thirty cases of carcinoid tumors arising in a TC have been reported in the literature so far with a slight female predominance (1.5:1). Methods/Case Report We describe a 40-year-old Hispanic woman with a 9-year history of cyclic pelvic pain related to her menstrual cycles. She was diagnosed with adenomyosis and underwent hysterectomy that did not completely resolve her symptoms. Follow-up serial imaging showed a growing complex-cystic presacral mass, which was eventually excised. Grossly, there was a 3.6×3.1×2.5 cm multiloculated cystic mass filled with mucoid material. Microscopically, there were multiple cystic spaces lined by benign squamous and mucinous columnar epithelium and surrounded by smooth muscle cells. A 6-mm carcinoid tumor was found within a cyst wall and confirmed by positive synaptophysin and chromogranin staining with a Ki-67 proliferation index of <2%. Estrogen and progesterone receptor immunostains were positive in the epithelial cyst linings and the stromal cells but not in the carcinoid tumor cells. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion We conclude that the diagnosis of TC should be considered in the differential of gynecologic patients with unresolved cyclic pelvic pain and that estrogen and progesterone could have an important role in the pathogenesis of TCs. Furthermore, estrogen receptors can be a therapeutic target in patients with this entity.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Aigerim Turgimbayeva ◽  
Assel Issabekova ◽  
Assylbek Zhylkibayev ◽  
Saule Eskendirova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

Breast cancer is a leading malignant disease in women worldwide, although its pathology is visually localised. Currently, it has been proven that the parameters of molecular genetic biomarkers, including oncoprotein HER2, proliferation markers Ki-67, oestrogen receptors ER, and progesterone receptors PgR, are associated with breast carcinogenesis and are a reflection of the biological aggression of the tumour. The significance of these biomarkers in signalling pathways and genetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis has been described, as well as the relationship between the expression levels of each biomarker and the tumour response to appropriate therapy. The primary antibody that imparts specificity to IHC is based on the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as the main immunoreagent that enables reliable identification of breast cancer cells. The most commonly used antibodies to molecular biomarkers for IHC were determined in accordance with indicators of laboratory use and efficiency (pass rate) of HER2, Ki-67, ER, PgR assessments in the NordiQC breast cancer module. The discovery of the complete structure of these biomarkers and the design of their domains and subdomains by genetic engineering methods enable the synthesis of effective monoclonal antibodies. Quantitative indicators of the expression levels of tumour biomarkers of breast cancer were determined using mAb, depending on epitope specificity and affinity.

scholarly journals A Rare Ovarian Tumor: Primitive Leiomyosarcoma of the Ovary

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Mitotic Proliferation

The primitive leiomyosarcoma of the ovary is rare and represents less than 1% of malignant tumors. It has a poor prognosis and frequently occurs during the postmenopausal period. We report two cases of this tumor in order to determine their epidemiological, histopathological, and evolutive aspects. Material and methods: The study material was consisted of ovariectomies fixed in 10% formalin. The sampled ovaries were subjected to usual techniques of inclusion in paraffin wax. These routine techniques were completed by immunohistochemistry assay using smooth muscle anti-actin, anti-desmin, anti-vimentin, and mitotic proliferation index (Ki-67). Results: Histological examination has shown a proliferation of fusiform cells, which were more or less fascicled in both cases. Tumor cells had a poorly-limited eosinophilic cytoplasm containing an elongated or an oval nucleus presenting an hyperchromatic or a vesicular feature. The nuclei were nucleolated. The anisocaryose was intense with more than 20 mitoses for 10 HPF. The positivity of anti-smooth muscle actin, anti-desmin, and anti-vimentin confirmed the diagnostic of leiomyosarcoma. Conclusion: The ovarian leiomyosarcoma is a rare with a poor prognosis.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GASTROINTESTINAL LEIOMYOMAS WHICH ARE COMPLICATED BY BLEEDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
V.O. Shaprynsky ◽  
O.A. Kaminsky ◽  
Y.V. Babii
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Marker ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Aim: Investigation of the morphological structure of gastrointestinal leiomyomas which complicated by bleeding, and also reveal the reasons of such complications. Material and methods: There are 36 patients in the study group. All patients were hospitalized in Vinnitsa Regional Clinical Hospital during 2010-2021years with the features of acute gastrointestinal bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. The verification of the tumor was carried out using histopathological and immunohistochemical studies in the postoperative period. According to the results of these studies, all patients were diagnosed with leiomyoma. Results: Among all patients hospitalized with an acute GI bleeding during 2010 - 2021, GI leiomyomas were diagnosed in 0.41%. Men accounted for 56.4%, women - 43.6%. Most of all there were patients aged 50-70 years. The size of the smallest tumor witch removed was 2.5 × 2 cm, the largest - 10 × 8 cm. In our study, leiomyomas that were complicated by bleeding were most often localized in the stomach (88.9%) and duodenum (8.3%), and only in one case (2.8%) in the esophagus. Most of the complicated leiomyomas became leiomyomas of such pathomorphological types as cellular, epitheloid and weird leiomyomas. Their histological structure has its own characteristics. The manifestations of neoangiogenesis and destruction of the blood vessels are clearly visible. There is a thin, it is extensions, all vessels are lacunars and sinusoidal. Also it has sings of angiomatosis. Immunohistochemical analysis of all leiomyomas in the study group showed a positive reaction to smooth muscle actin and desmin, and was negative for CD117 and CD34. In all complicated leiomyomas, the intensity of expression of the immunohistochemical marker of endothelial vessels CD31, which is responsible for the level of vascularization, was high, which confirms the results obtained in histopathological examination. The proliferation index of all complicated leiomyomas was below 5%, which confirms the benign nature of these tumors. But the mean expression level of Ki-67 was statistically higher for complicated leiomyomas. Conclusions: During the histopathological examination it was found that leiomyomas of the proliferative pathomorphological subspecies, which include cellular, epitheloid, and weird leiomyomas, were most often complicated by bleeding. Factors that affect the growth rate of gastrointestinal leiomyomas include the level of proliferative activity of the tumor and the level of its vascularization. Determination of the level of tumor proliferation is performed using the immunohistochemical marker Ki-67, and to determine the level of vascularization is responsible for the immunohistochemical marker CD31. Upper gastrointestinal leiomyomas, which complicated by bleeding were characterized by high levels of Ki-67 and CD31 expression. The obtained research data can be used in the selection of diagnostic and treatment management for patients with leiomyomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals The clinico-pathologic profile of primary and recurrent orbital/periorbital plexiform neurofibromas (OPPN)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258802
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alabduljabbar ◽  
Diego Strianese ◽  
Osama Al-Sheikh ◽  
Hind M. Alkatan ◽  
Hailah Al-Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Diffuse Type ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Plexiform Neurofibromas ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
S 100

To evaluate and compare the clinical and histopathological profile of primary and recurrent orbital-periorbital plexiform neurofibromas (OPPN) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. We retrospectively evaluated 43 primary or recurrent neurofibroma (NF) specimens from 26 patients (2002 to 2018) at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Demographics, clinical presentation, and surgical intervention data were collected. Histopathological specimens were studied with hematoxylin-eosin, Alcian blue, and immunohistochemical markers; S-100, CD44, CD117, smooth muscle actin (SMA), neurofilament, and Ki-67. Of the 43 NFs specimens, 20 were primary and 23 recurrent tumors. For primary NF, the ratio of plexiform to the diffuse type was 13:7, however in recurrent tumors was 3:8 after the first recurrence, and 1:5 after multiple recurrences. Of the 17 patients with primary tumors that had paired recurrent tumors, 12/17 (70.6%) primary NFs were plexiform and 5/17 (29.4%) were diffuse. However, when tumors recurred, 13/17 tumors (76.5%) were diffuse and only 4/17 tumors (23.5%) had a plexiform pattern. The odds of a tumor having a diffuse pattern in recurrent NF was significantly higher than the plexiform pattern [OR = 7.8 (95% confidence interval 1.69:36.1) P = 0.008]. Primary plexiform NFs underwent an excision at a significantly younger age than the diffuse type. Recurrent NFs had significantly higher CD44, CD117, and neurofilament labeling (P = 0.02, P = 0.01 and P<0.001 respectively) but had significantly decreased Alcian blue, and S-100 labeling (P = 0.03, and P = 0.02 respectively) compared to primary tumors. SMA and Ki-67 proliferation index were not different between primary and recurrent NFs (P = 0.86, and P = 0.3 respectively). There appears to be a high risk for primary plexiform NFs to develop a diffuse histologic pattern when they recur. Immunohistochemical staining suggests a role of mast cells (CD117) and expression of infiltration makers (CD44) in the transformation of plexiform tumors to the diffuse phenotype.

The role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of different severity

2016 ◽  
pp. 138-140
Author(s):  
S.I. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O.A. Taran ◽  
A.N. Koshmienskaya ◽  
T.V. Lobastova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

The objective: the finding of protein expression of apoptosis regulator BCL-2, Smooth Muscule Actin and the antigen Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of different severity to optimize the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Patients and methods. The study involved 42 women of reproductive age with cervical intraepithelial the neoplasia of the cervix varying degrees applied to the doctor of cervical pathology Zhitomir regional oncologic dispensary. All women (n=42) were divided into groups. The first group included 15 patients (35.7%) with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with mild. The second group included 13 women (31%) with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia a moderate degree. The third group was represented by patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with severe – 14 respondents (33.3 per cent). Results. Marker BCL-2 in patients of the first group was positive in 7 patients (46.7%), Smooth Muscule Actin was positive in 9 patients (60%) and Ki-67 was diagnosed in 8 of the surveyed women (53.3%). In the second group of BCL-2 was positive in 8 patients (61.5%), Clone 124, Smooth Muscule Actin, Clone 1A4 was positive in 9 patients (69.2%), and Ki-67 was diagnosed in 12 of the surveyed women (92.3%). Marker BCL-2 in patients of the third group was positive in 12 patients (85.7%), Smooth Muscule Actin was positive in 10 patients (71.4%) and Ki-67 was diagnosed in 13 of the surveyed women (92.9% ). Conclusion. Carcinogenesis is associated with molecular genetic damage to the cervix. Some of the products of this process can be used as prognostic and diagnostic markers of tumor progression. Determination of protein expression of apoptosis regulator BCL-2, Smooth Muscule Actin and the antigen Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia makes it possible to accurately verify the diagnosis and to predict the course of pathological changes in the flat epithelium of the cervix. Key words: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, morphological diagnostics of precancerous lesions, BCL-2, Smooth Muscule Actin, Ki-67.

Expression of β-Catenin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Norina Basa ◽  
Daniela Lazar ◽  
Remus Cornea ◽  
Sorina Taban ◽  
Melania Ardelean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Tumor Cell Proliferation ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Development And Evolution

Alteration of β-catenin expression is involved in the development and evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); β-catenin is able to influence tumor cell proliferation. We analyzed the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of β-catenin on a group of 32 patients diagnosed with HCC using the anti-β-catenin monoclonal antibody (clone E247). We correlated the expression of β-catenin with the proliferation index of Ki-67 (PI Ki-67), the mitotic index (MI) and other clinical and pathological features. We observed an altered β-catenin expression in 58.38% of all HCC cases. This expression was insignificantly correlated with tumor size (]5 cm) (p = 0.683), histological grade G1-G2 (p = 0.307), vascular invasion (p = 0.299) and advanced pT stage (p = 0.453); we obtained a significantly higher MI in HCC with altered β-catenin expression (p = 0.018), as compared to HCC without overexpression (1.66 � 1.37) (p = 0.038) and a PI Ki-67 of 22.49 � 20.1 and 28.24 � 18.2, respectively in tumors with altered β-catenin expression with insignificant differences compared to HCC without overexpression (25.95 � 15.2) (p = 0.682 and p = 0.731, respectively). According to the results we obtained, aberrant β-catenin expression in HCC was correlated with a high mitotic index, therefore playing an important role in tumor progression by stimulating tumor cell proliferation; non-nuclear β-catenin overexpression can have a pathological significance in HCC, especially in cases of HCC associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

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