scholarly journals THE ORGANIZATION OF TUBERCULOSIS CHEMOPREVENTION OF HIV INFECTED PEOPLE IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
M V Sinitsyn ◽  
L B Ausheeva ◽  
E M Bogorodskaya

In connection with the growing number of patients with combined HIV/ TB infection the legal framework and organization of treatment for such cases need some modernization. We investigated the legal documents regulating the provision of TB care in the Russian Federation, and medical care for HIV-infected persons. The results have shown that there is no comprehensive program for the reception, inspection and simultaneous antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis chemoprevention and timely tracking the development of unwanted side reactions in patients with combined HIV/ TB infection. Therefore, for effective work on the prevention and early detection of tuberculosis the integration of TB and AIDS Service Center is required. Chemoprevention schemes, including optimally two medicines in complex, especially if patients on antiretroviral therapy, are also considered.

Author(s):  
Павел Владимирович Никонов

Международные нормативные правовые акты имеют особое значение для организации противодействия коррупционным преступлениям, связанным с дачей и получением взятки и иных видов незаконного вознаграждения. В статье анализируются международно-правовые документы, призванные обеспечить единый подход к противодействию указанным видам противоправных деяний в различных государствах. Международное сообщество озабочено решением проблем, связанных с противодействием коррупции. В этом отношении Россия не является исключением, поэтому ратифицирует основные международно-правовые акты, регламентирующие вопросы борьбы с коррупционными преступлениями. Интеграционные процессы, происходящие в настоящее время, обуславливают необходимость обращения к международному опыту в области противодействия указанным видам преступлений. При подготовке материала научной статьи применялся сравнительно-правовой метод исследования, что позволило получить обоснованные выводы относительно сравнения международных и российских нормативных правовых актов. В статье анализируются положения таких источников, ратифицированных Россией, как Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций против коррупции, Конвенция против транснациональной организованной преступности, Конвенция об уголовной ответственности за коррупцию, Конвенция по борьбе с подкупом иностранных должностных лиц при осуществлении международных коммерческих сделок. В качестве полученных результатов проведенного исследования можно признать заключения относительно соответствия уголовного законодательства Российской Федерации, созданных органов и реализуемых мер, направленных на организацию борьбы с коррупционными преступлениями, связанными с дачей и получением взятки и иными видами незаконного вознаграждения, рассмотренным международным стандартам. International legal regulation is of prime importance in countering corruption crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration. The article analyzes international legal documents designed to ensure the same approach to countering these types of illegal acts in different states. The international community is concerned about solving problems related to combating corruption. Russia is no exception, therefore it ratifies the main international legal acts regulating the fight against corruption crimes. The integration processes taking place at the present time necessitate taking into account the international experience of countering these types of crimes. The comparative legal research method was used, this made it possible to obtain well-grounded conclusions regarding the comparison of international and Russian normative legal acts. The article analyzes the provisions of international documents ratified by Russia: the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption, and the Convention against Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions. The findings on the compliance of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, existing bodies and measures taken in the field of combating corruption crimes related to giving and receiving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration to international standards as the results of the study are indicated.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
S. S. Memetov ◽  
S. N. Pusin ◽  
N. V. Budnik ◽  
Yu. V. Kobzev ◽  
V. N. Petrova ◽  
...  

The article analyzes the current regulatory and legal framework for the organization of social services for the elderly and disabled in social service institutions on the territory of the Russian Federation. The article reflects the shortcomings of legal documents regarding the organization of work of such institutions to improve the quality and accessibility of social care for patients receiving social services in social service organizations. The assessment of staffing standards is given.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
V.K. Sevostyanov ◽  
◽  
Yu.Yu. Razumov ◽  
I.A. Petrova ◽  
E.P. Kakorina ◽  
...  

Objective. To analyze legislation regulating medical care for children with rheumatic diseases in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. We analyzed regulatory documents of the Ministry of Health of Russia, including the rules of medical care for children with rheumatic diseases, the resolution regulating the distribution of medicines at a discount or for free, and regional legal acts regulating routing of children with rheumatic diseases. Results. The legislation regulating medical care for children with rheumatic diseases is imperfect and needs to be updated. We identified shortcomings in the system regulating preferential provision of certain groups of patients with medicines. The results of our analysis can be used as a rationale for changes and amendments to existing regulatory legal acts and for the development of new regulatory documents. Conclusion. This analysis of legal documents allows us to suggest amendments to the existing legal framework in order to reduce tensions (including legal tensions) associated with distribution of preferential medicines, reconsider establishment of disability in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, expand opportunities to prescribe biologicals for non-disabled patients with systemic scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis, and systemic vasculitis in regions. We justified detailed description of regional legal documents regulating distribution of preferential medicines among patients with rheumatic diseases. Key words: rheumatic diseases in children, regulatory framework, health care organization, drug provision


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
N V Allamyarova ◽  
E G Sanakoeva

The legislation in the field of e-health, adopted in 2017, opens fundamentally new opportunities in the development of medical care using telemedicine technologies. The article provides an analysis of regulatory legal documents that establish the legal framework for the provision of medical care using telemedicine technologies. An assessment is made of the current state of telemedicine legal regulation in Russia. The law on telemedicine requires adjustment and refinement of existing regulations, procedures, standards of medical care with a detailed regulation of tools and situations of their application.


2021 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
S.I. Boyarkina ◽  
◽  
D.K. Khotimchenko ◽  

The paper dwells on the results obtained via examining dependence between HIV-infection spread and factors related to social environmental and social structure of population in RF regions. These factors are considered to be potential health risk ones. The authors tested a hypothesis about influence exerted by demographic, economic, cultural and behavioral de- terminants and public healthcare availability on differences in territorial spread of the disease within social-epidemiologic approach. To solve the set task, data that characterized 85 RF regions were taken from official statistical reports. Descriptive statistic analysis was performed and regression models were built up; it allowed testing whether the analyzed factors had their influence in RF regions and selecting the most significant ones to be included into the overall regression model. The research revealed significant contextual differences in HIV-infection spread. Regression analysis showed that 22.0 % differences in a number of HIV-infected people detected in RF regions occurred due to differences in urban popu- lation numbers, provision with ambulatories and polyclinics, and unemployment rate. Moreover, a number of registered crimes committed by minors determined 32.5 % difference in a number of patients with the first diagnosed HIV-infection between the examined regions. These results allow assuming that the greatest influence on spread of the disease in RF regions is exerted by conse- quences of urbanization; this process is usually accompanied with a growth in a share of urban population in a given region, instability on the labor market there as well as related migration processes within the country and wider opportunities to pursue individual behavioral strategies including those that involve law violations and/or are destructive for people’s health.


Author(s):  
Дмитрий Михайлович Адылин

В настоящее время эпидемиологическая ситуация распространения ВИЧ-инфекции остается осложненной за счет постоянного роста числа новых случаев заражения и высокого риска смерти от заболеваний, ассоциированных с ВИЧ-инфекцией, и СПИДа. Также остается напряженной обстановка распространения ВИЧ-инфекции среди особо уязвимых к заражению групп населения, к которым в соответствии со стратегией противодействия распространению ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации на период до 2020 г. относятся осужденные и лица, содержащиеся в местах принудительной изоляции от общества. При этом положения данной стратегии указывают на несоответствие современным требованиям обеспечения населения мерами по профилактике, оказанию медицинской помощи, социальной адаптации и реабилитации, а также социальной поддержке при ВИЧ-инфекции. Поэтому существует необходимость решения данных проблем путем внесения изменений в законодательство Российской Федерации для реализации прав и законных интересов ВИЧ-инфицированных, а также защиты человека, общества и государства от распространения данного заболевания. Одной из задач государства в сфере профилактики распространения ВИЧ-инфекции, в том числе в местах лишения свободы, является увеличение охвата ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц антиретровирусной терапией. Согласно результатам нашего исследования лишь около 30 % осужденных ВИЧ-инфицированных осужденных доверительно относятся к применению антиретровирусной терапии. При этом в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве отсутствуют диспозитивные нормы, стимулирующие прохождение лечения, что в рамках государственной политики в сфере противодействия распространения ВИЧ-инфекции является упущением. С целью решения обозначенных проблемных вопросов автором предложены меры по стимулированию прохождения лечения осужденными к лишению свободы как в период отбывания наказания, так и после освобождения. Currently, the epidemiological situation of the spread of HIV infection remains complicated due to the constant increase in the number of new infections and the high risk of death from diseases associated with HIV infection and AIDS. The situation of the spread of HIV infection among particularly vulnerable groups of the population remains tense, which, in accordance with the strategy for counteracting the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, include convicts and people held in places of forced isolation from society. At the same time, the provisions of this strategy indicate that the modern requirements for providing the population with measures for prevention, medical care, social adaptation and rehabilitation, as well as social support for HIV infection are not in line. Therefore, there is a need to solve these problems by amending the legislation of the Russian Federation in order to realize the rights and legitimate interests of both HIV-infected people and protect people, society and the state from the spread of this disease. One of the tasks of the state in the field of preventing the spread of HIV infection, including in prisons, is to increase the coverage of HIV-infected people with antiretroviral therapy. Considering the attitude of HIV-infected prisoners to treatment, the results of our study allow us to conclude that only about 30 % of prisoners in this category trust the use of antiretroviral therapy. At the same time, there are no dispositive norms in the penal legislation that stimulate the passage of treatment, which is an omission in the framework of state policy in the field of combating the spread of HIV infection. Therefore, this article proposes measures to stimulate the passage of treatment by prisoners sentenced to imprisonment both during the period of serving the sentence and after release.


2021 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
S.I. Boyarkina ◽  
◽  
D.K. Khodorenko ◽  

The paper dwells on the results obtained via examining dependence between HIV-infection spread and factors related to social environmental and social structure of population in RF regions. These factors are considered to be potential health risk ones. The authors tested a hypothesis about influence exerted by demographic, economic, cultural and behavioral de- terminants and public healthcare availability on differences in territorial spread of the disease within social-epidemiologic approach. To solve the set task, data that characterized 85 RF regions were taken from official statistical reports. Descriptive statistic analysis was performed and regression models were built up; it allowed testing whether the analyzed factors had their influence in RF regions and selecting the most significant ones to be included into the overall regression model. The research revealed significant contextual differences in HIV-infection spread. Regression analysis showed that 22.0 % differences in a number of HIV-infected people detected in RF regions occurred due to differences in urban popu- lation numbers, provision with ambulatories and polyclinics, and unemployment rate. Moreover, a number of registered crimes committed by minors determined 32.5 % difference in a number of patients with the first diagnosed HIV-infection between the examined regions. These results allow assuming that the greatest influence on spread of the disease in RF regions is exerted by conse- quences of urbanization; this process is usually accompanied with a growth in a share of urban population in a given region, instability on the labor market there as well as related migration processes within the country and wider opportunities to pursue individual behavioral strategies including those that involve law violations and/or are destructive for people’s health.


2019 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
E. S. Dovgopolyuk ◽  
L. I. Levakhina ◽  
A. T. Tyumentsev ◽  
O. A. Pasechnik

According to UNAIDS, 1.4 million people are living with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 75% of them in Russia. International guidelines recommend regular clinical evaluation of HIV-infected patients, which is achieved through follow-up. Purpose of the study: to characterize the quality of follow-up observation of HIV patients in the Siberian Federal District for the five-year period from 2013 to 2017. Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive-assessment epidemiological study for the period 2013–2017 was conducted in the Siberian Federal District, in which dispensary observation indicators were most affected by improving the epidemiological situation associated with the spread of HIV infection. Results. The HIV infection in the Siberian Federal District increased during the period under review by 62,4% and reached 1328,5 per 100 thousand population. The prevalence of HIV infection at the beginning of 2018 was 679.0 per 100 thousand population (with an average Russian indicator of 430,2). The SFO accounted for 20,7% of all HIV cases (n = 130 595), which were registered at specialized medical organizations in the Russian Federation. The coverage of HIVinfected patients with clinical observation reached the target value and amounted to 88,2%. The number of patients who were examined to determine the immune status and viral load increased almost 2 times. At the same time, the proportion of HIV-infected people receiving antiretroviral therapy was at the level of 39,8%, which is 4,2% lower than the target values. The proportion of patients surveyed for tuberculosis among those who underwent medical examination in 2017 remains at the level of 87,8%, which does not stabilize the incidence of tuberculosis infection. The number of HIV-infected patients with a diagnosis of active tuberculosis increased 1,4 times to 17 610 in 2017 (10,9% of the number of patients). Conclusion. In the context of the continuing increase in the incidence of HIV infection in the population and an increase in the number of patients in need of various types of medical care, additional measures are needed to improve the quality and effectiveness of follow-up observation of patients with HIV infection.


Author(s):  
S. V. Gautier ◽  
S. M. Khomyakov

Aim. To analyse the status and trends in the development of organ donation and organ transplantation in the Russian Federation according to 2017 data.Materials and methods. The survey of heads of transplantation centers  was conducted. A comparative analysis of the data obtained in the dynamics of years, between individual subjects of the Russian Federation, the centers of transplantation is performed.Results. According to the register in 2017 in Russia there were only 41 centers for kidney transplantation, 24 liver and 16 hearts. The waiting list for kidney transplantation in 2017 included 5,531 potential recipients, which is approximately 13.8% of the total number of 40,000 patients receiving dialysis. The level of donor activity in 2017 was 3.8 per million of the population, while the share of multiorgan seizures was 66.5%, the average number of organs received from one effective donor was 2.8. In 2017, the level of kidney transplantation was 8.0 per million of the population, the liver transplantation index was 3.0 per million of the population; the rate of heart transplantation is 1.7 per million of the population. In 2017 the number of transplants in Russia increased by 11.3% compared to 2016. There are 11 transplantation centers on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow Region, and half of all kidney transplants and 70% of all liver and heart transplantations are performed. The number of patients with transplanted organs in the Russian Federation is approaching 13,000.Conclusion. In the Russian Federation there is a strong tendency to increase the number of effective donors and to increase the number of organ transplants, and the number of transplant centers is also increasing. In recent years, the country has created prerequisites for the development of organ donation and transplantation: the regulatory and legal framework, public donation funding, material and technical base, etc. In the coming years, positive experience and organizational patterns of organ donation and transplantation from successful regions in Other subjects of the Russian Federation for building effective programs. The leading role in this process should be played by the Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artifi cial Organs. 


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