scholarly journals SOCIETAL DETERMINANTS AS RISK FACTORS OF HIV-INFECTION SPREAD IN REGIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
S.I. Boyarkina ◽  
◽  
D.K. Khotimchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Infection Spread

The paper dwells on the results obtained via examining dependence between HIV-infection spread and factors related to social environmental and social structure of population in RF regions. These factors are considered to be potential health risk ones. The authors tested a hypothesis about influence exerted by demographic, economic, cultural and behavioral de- terminants and public healthcare availability on differences in territorial spread of the disease within social-epidemiologic approach. To solve the set task, data that characterized 85 RF regions were taken from official statistical reports. Descriptive statistic analysis was performed and regression models were built up; it allowed testing whether the analyzed factors had their influence in RF regions and selecting the most significant ones to be included into the overall regression model. The research revealed significant contextual differences in HIV-infection spread. Regression analysis showed that 22.0 % differences in a number of HIV-infected people detected in RF regions occurred due to differences in urban popu- lation numbers, provision with ambulatories and polyclinics, and unemployment rate. Moreover, a number of registered crimes committed by minors determined 32.5 % difference in a number of patients with the first diagnosed HIV-infection between the examined regions. These results allow assuming that the greatest influence on spread of the disease in RF regions is exerted by conse- quences of urbanization; this process is usually accompanied with a growth in a share of urban population in a given region, instability on the labor market there as well as related migration processes within the country and wider opportunities to pursue individual behavioral strategies including those that involve law violations and/or are destructive for people’s health.

scholarly journals SOCIETAL DETERMINANTS AS RISK FACTORS OF HIV-INFECTION SPREAD IN REGIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
S.I. Boyarkina ◽  
◽  
D.K. Khodorenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Structure Of Population ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Infection Spread

The paper dwells on the results obtained via examining dependence between HIV-infection spread and factors related to social environmental and social structure of population in RF regions. These factors are considered to be potential health risk ones. The authors tested a hypothesis about influence exerted by demographic, economic, cultural and behavioral de- terminants and public healthcare availability on differences in territorial spread of the disease within social-epidemiologic approach. To solve the set task, data that characterized 85 RF regions were taken from official statistical reports. Descriptive statistic analysis was performed and regression models were built up; it allowed testing whether the analyzed factors had their influence in RF regions and selecting the most significant ones to be included into the overall regression model. The research revealed significant contextual differences in HIV-infection spread. Regression analysis showed that 22.0 % differences in a number of HIV-infected people detected in RF regions occurred due to differences in urban popu- lation numbers, provision with ambulatories and polyclinics, and unemployment rate. Moreover, a number of registered crimes committed by minors determined 32.5 % difference in a number of patients with the first diagnosed HIV-infection between the examined regions. These results allow assuming that the greatest influence on spread of the disease in RF regions is exerted by conse- quences of urbanization; this process is usually accompanied with a growth in a share of urban population in a given region, instability on the labor market there as well as related migration processes within the country and wider opportunities to pursue individual behavioral strategies including those that involve law violations and/or are destructive for people’s health.

Dispanserization monitoring for HIV-infected patients in the Siberian Federal District in 2013–2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
E. S. Dovgopolyuk ◽  
L. I. Levakhina ◽  
A. T. Tyumentsev ◽  
O. A. Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Target Values ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Living With Hiv

According to UNAIDS, 1.4 million people are living with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 75% of them in Russia. International guidelines recommend regular clinical evaluation of HIV-infected patients, which is achieved through follow-up. Purpose of the study: to characterize the quality of follow-up observation of HIV patients in the Siberian Federal District for the five-year period from 2013 to 2017. Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive-assessment epidemiological study for the period 2013–2017 was conducted in the Siberian Federal District, in which dispensary observation indicators were most affected by improving the epidemiological situation associated with the spread of HIV infection. Results. The HIV infection in the Siberian Federal District increased during the period under review by 62,4% and reached 1328,5 per 100 thousand population. The prevalence of HIV infection at the beginning of 2018 was 679.0 per 100 thousand population (with an average Russian indicator of 430,2). The SFO accounted for 20,7% of all HIV cases (n = 130 595), which were registered at specialized medical organizations in the Russian Federation. The coverage of HIVinfected patients with clinical observation reached the target value and amounted to 88,2%. The number of patients who were examined to determine the immune status and viral load increased almost 2 times. At the same time, the proportion of HIV-infected people receiving antiretroviral therapy was at the level of 39,8%, which is 4,2% lower than the target values. The proportion of patients surveyed for tuberculosis among those who underwent medical examination in 2017 remains at the level of 87,8%, which does not stabilize the incidence of tuberculosis infection. The number of HIV-infected patients with a diagnosis of active tuberculosis increased 1,4 times to 17 610 in 2017 (10,9% of the number of patients). Conclusion. In the context of the continuing increase in the incidence of HIV infection in the population and an increase in the number of patients in need of various types of medical care, additional measures are needed to improve the quality and effectiveness of follow-up observation of patients with HIV infection.

scholarly journals THE ORGANIZATION OF TUBERCULOSIS CHEMOPREVENTION OF HIV INFECTED PEOPLE IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
M V Sinitsyn ◽  
L B Ausheeva ◽  
E M Bogorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Service Center ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Prevention And Early Detection ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation

In connection with the growing number of patients with combined HIV/ TB infection the legal framework and organization of treatment for such cases need some modernization. We investigated the legal documents regulating the provision of TB care in the Russian Federation, and medical care for HIV-infected persons. The results have shown that there is no comprehensive program for the reception, inspection and simultaneous antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis chemoprevention and timely tracking the development of unwanted side reactions in patients with combined HIV/ TB infection. Therefore, for effective work on the prevention and early detection of tuberculosis the integration of TB and AIDS Service Center is required. Chemoprevention schemes, including optimally two medicines in complex, especially if patients on antiretroviral therapy, are also considered.

Prevalence of tuberculosis in Russian Federation in 1970–2019 and factors influencing its level

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
M. V. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Detection Quality

The data on the prevalence of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation are presented. A decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis over the past 49 years, from 1970 to 2019, and a decrease in the number of patients with tuberculosis are shown. The factors influencing the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the Russian Federation are considered: timely detection, quality of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis patients, MBT drug resistance, HIV infection in tuberculosis patients. The reliability of indicators characterizing the prevalence of tuberculosis has been studied.

Analysis of the level and structure of the incidence of the population of the KHMAO

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
T. V. Razumova ◽  
◽  
T. V. Zuyevskaya ◽  
P. I. Pavlov ◽  
E. V. Sadrieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Khanty Mansi Autonomous

Purpose of the study: assessment of the level and structure of the incidence of the population to determine the main categories of diseases most common in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, as well as making a territorial comparison of the incidence of the population. Materials and research methods: statistical materials from the annual collection “Health of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and the activities of medical organizations” and data of statistical reporting on the incidence of the population from the Medstat program were used, in particular, the primary morbidity of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in different age groups, the general incidence the population of different age groups of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. The analysis used indicators such as primary morbidity, general morbidity, one-year mortality (died within the first year from the date of diagnosis) in malignant neoplasms. Results. The primary morbidity of the population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra tends to grow in all age groups. The indicators of primary morbidity of the population of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2018 are 17.1% higher than in the Russian Federation and 12.2% higher than in the Ural Federal District. In the structure of primary morbidity, the first place is taken by diseases of the respiratory system, the second place in the structure of the primary morbidity of people over working age is taken by diseases of the circulatory system, and the third place is by diseases of the genitourinary system. The overall incidence rate of the entire population is 1896 per 1000 population. In 2018, 41.2 cases of tuberculosis per 100 thousand of the population were detected for the first time in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (in the Ural Federal District – 61.6, in the Russian Federation – 44.4 per 100 thousand of the population). This pathology tends to decrease and compared with 2017 decreased by 10.2% (the Russian Federation decreased by 8.1%, the Ural Federal District – 2.1%). The number of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection in 2018 decreased by 1.5% compared to 2017 and amounted to 82.3 per 100 thousand population, which is higher than in the Russian Federation (58.5), but lower. than in the Ural Federal District (108.2) per 100 thousand population. Since 2012, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms, but the detection rate of malignant neoplasms at stages III-IV has not changed since 2015 and is 39.5%, which is higher than in the Russian Federation (38.5%). Conclusion: the primary morbidity in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra in 2018 is 17.1% higher than in the Russian Federation. In the first place are diseases of the respiratory system (48.4%, of which in children – 66.4, and in persons of older working age – 22.2%). In second place in children is infectious pathology, and in people of working age – diseases of the genitourinary system. The second place in morbidity in older people of working age is diseases of the circulatory system. The district has a high level of infectious and parasitic diseases. The number of patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis is lower than in the Ural Federal District and the Russian Federation. The number of patients with HIV infection is higher than in the Russian Federation, but lower than in the Ural Federal District. There is a tendency towards an increase in the number of malignant neoplasms. The number of neoplasms is lower than in the Ural Federal District and the Russian Federation. In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, there is a positive trend in the reduction of socially significant diseases, such as tuberculosis, HIV infection, STIs, alcoholism, drug addiction, injuries and an increase in overall morbidity, including malignant neoplasms, which indicates the availability of medical care, health literacy of the population and carrying out appropriate preventive work.

THE QUESTION OF LEGAL STIMULATION THE OF TREATMENT BY HIV-INFECTED PRISONERS IN THE PLACES OF LIBERTY DEPRIVATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Михайлович Адылин
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

В настоящее время эпидемиологическая ситуация распространения ВИЧ-инфекции остается осложненной за счет постоянного роста числа новых случаев заражения и высокого риска смерти от заболеваний, ассоциированных с ВИЧ-инфекцией, и СПИДа. Также остается напряженной обстановка распространения ВИЧ-инфекции среди особо уязвимых к заражению групп населения, к которым в соответствии со стратегией противодействия распространению ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации на период до 2020 г. относятся осужденные и лица, содержащиеся в местах принудительной изоляции от общества. При этом положения данной стратегии указывают на несоответствие современным требованиям обеспечения населения мерами по профилактике, оказанию медицинской помощи, социальной адаптации и реабилитации, а также социальной поддержке при ВИЧ-инфекции. Поэтому существует необходимость решения данных проблем путем внесения изменений в законодательство Российской Федерации для реализации прав и законных интересов ВИЧ-инфицированных, а также защиты человека, общества и государства от распространения данного заболевания. Одной из задач государства в сфере профилактики распространения ВИЧ-инфекции, в том числе в местах лишения свободы, является увеличение охвата ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц антиретровирусной терапией. Согласно результатам нашего исследования лишь около 30 % осужденных ВИЧ-инфицированных осужденных доверительно относятся к применению антиретровирусной терапии. При этом в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве отсутствуют диспозитивные нормы, стимулирующие прохождение лечения, что в рамках государственной политики в сфере противодействия распространения ВИЧ-инфекции является упущением. С целью решения обозначенных проблемных вопросов автором предложены меры по стимулированию прохождения лечения осужденными к лишению свободы как в период отбывания наказания, так и после освобождения. Currently, the epidemiological situation of the spread of HIV infection remains complicated due to the constant increase in the number of new infections and the high risk of death from diseases associated with HIV infection and AIDS. The situation of the spread of HIV infection among particularly vulnerable groups of the population remains tense, which, in accordance with the strategy for counteracting the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, include convicts and people held in places of forced isolation from society. At the same time, the provisions of this strategy indicate that the modern requirements for providing the population with measures for prevention, medical care, social adaptation and rehabilitation, as well as social support for HIV infection are not in line. Therefore, there is a need to solve these problems by amending the legislation of the Russian Federation in order to realize the rights and legitimate interests of both HIV-infected people and protect people, society and the state from the spread of this disease. One of the tasks of the state in the field of preventing the spread of HIV infection, including in prisons, is to increase the coverage of HIV-infected people with antiretroviral therapy. Considering the attitude of HIV-infected prisoners to treatment, the results of our study allow us to conclude that only about 30 % of prisoners in this category trust the use of antiretroviral therapy. At the same time, there are no dispositive norms in the penal legislation that stimulate the passage of treatment, which is an omission in the framework of state policy in the field of combating the spread of HIV infection. Therefore, this article proposes measures to stimulate the passage of treatment by prisoners sentenced to imprisonment both during the period of serving the sentence and after release.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL ATTITUDES OF CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CONCERNING HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
S. V Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment

The diagnosis of HIV-infection conditions reconsidering by majority of HIV-infected individuals their identity and specificity of establishment of relationships in society considering new realities. The data related to social attitudes of mind of Russians to HIV-infected individuals obtained within the framework of original study, permitted to construct general concept about main characteristics attributed to representatives of this social group. The features of course of disease and its incurable character at the moment induce multitude of misgivings both in individuals with diagnosis of HIV-infection and healthy people that conditions wide-spread prevalence of negative and stigmatizing attitudes to HIV-infected people in modern Russian society. Nowadays, in Russians dominating attitude of mind to HIV-infected people still is intolerance against the background of inadequate awareness about problem of HIV-infection/AIDS.

scholarly journals The infectious socially significant diseases in places of imprisonment

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Mikhaylova ◽  
Olga B. Nechaeva ◽  
E. A. Samarina ◽  
Yu. V. Tikhonova ◽  
I. B. Shikina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Isolation Ward ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Late Stages

In places of imprisonment of Russia the system of registration and monitoring ofpatients is the same as in civil health care. This system includes data on detection, diagnostic, treatment and dispensary observation of socially significant diseases. The obtained information is summarized with data concerning civil population and then is passed to Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and profile research institutes within the framework of common federal and sectoral report forms. The systematic medical examinations, intensification of activities of infection control, support of effective treatment and coordination of measures between Ministry of Justice of Russia and Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, international partners favored dramatic decreasing of indicator of morbidity of contingents ofpenitentiary system (up to 2.7 times during 1999-2015). Nowadays, the epidemic situation on tuberculosis in institutions of the penal executive system can be characterized as stable and controlled and having tendency to amelioration. Overall, as compared with Russian national average indices (2015), in places of imprisonment morbidity is higher: with tuberculosis 19,4 times, HIV-infection - in 26,9 times, syphilis - in 8.9 times. Among primarily registered patients of Federal penitentiary service of Russia in investigative isolation ward s in 2015 were detected 46% with tuberculosis, 84.6% with HIV-infection, 96.6% with syphilis. The number of patients infected with HIV-infection in contrast with tuberculosis has no tendency to decreasing in places of imprisonment. In 2015 percentage of infected individuals in institutions of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia began to increase in the structure of morbidity of HIV-infection in Russia in general. The cause of death of deceased with combined pathology (tuberculosis + HIV-infection) is HIV-infection mainly because almost in 90% HIV-infection has late stages. This indirectly testifies presence ofproblems related to detection of infection socially significant diseases among socially deadapted persons in civil health care.

scholarly journals LETAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION, PARALLELS WITH ADEQUACY OF DIAGNOSTICS, DISPENSER AND TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Azovtseva ◽  
T. S. Trofimova ◽  
G. S. Arkhipov ◽  
S. V. Ogurtsova ◽  
A. M. Panteleev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Number Of Patients

The goal is to consider the lethality as an indicator of the adequacy and success of timely detection, clinical examination and treatment of patients with HIV infection. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 913 deaths of HIV-infected patients in the Novgorod Region was carried out for the period from 2001 to 2017. The study included patients with previously known HIV status and patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection. Age, time (from the time of detection of HIV infection to death), clinical (causes of deaths) and other characteristics were taken into account. The conclusion. Every year, the number of deaths of HIV-infected patients increases, while the number of deaths diagnosed with AIDS is increasing yearly. The structure of deaths is dominated by cases caused by severe immunosuppression, which is a characteristic feature of this stage of the epidemic. The most likely cause of increased mortality is the late onset of treatment, low coverage of therapy and a large number of late-identified patients. The age structure of the deceased is dominated by persons 30–39 years old. The main cause of death is tuberculosis. The increase in deaths from tuberculosis depends on the number of patients with unstable social status. Other common causes of death are bacterial infections (pneumonia, sepsis, etc.), malignant neoplasms, toxoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia. A similar structure of deaths is associated with late diagnosis and atypical course (rapid progression) of tuberculosis. Among the causes of death not related to HIV, a significant proportion is occupied by viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic stage, cardiovascular diseases, malignant neoplasms, drug overdoses, alcohol poisoning. The annual increase in lethal outcomes in the region is due to inadequate coverage and late onset of ARVT, a low percentage of prevention of opportunistic diseases at a critically low level of CD4 cells, weak adherence to medical examination and treatment. To increase the life expectancy of HIV-infected people, it is necessary to improve and expand programs for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection.

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

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