scholarly journals Trial of the new antivenin serum INSERP®PANAFRICAIN in the Republic of Guinea for the treatment of patients bitten by venomous snakes

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
M. S Balde ◽  
M. I Buaro ◽  
O. K Konstantinov ◽  
M. S Diallo ◽  
E. Millimono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Venomous Snake ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Venomous Snakes ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
The Republic

Introduction The intoxication rate due to venomous snake bites in the population in the Republic of Guinea is 100-150 cases per 100 000 habitants with the mortality rate to 18% and represents a serious problem for public health services of the country. In the same time there is a big lack in antivenin sera supply. Nevertheless, the provision with antivenin serum against snake venom in the country is evidently not enough. Aim of research clinical trials of the efficiency and tolerance of a new polyvalent antivenin sera Inoserp® Panafricain against snake venom in comparison with the used previously serum Antivipmyn® Afrique. Methods There were treated 109 patients with pronounced symptoms of intoxication due to venomous snake bites. In the absence of hemolytic and neurologic symptoms they were intravenously administered the 1 dose (10 ml) of serum or 2 doses in the presence of mentioned symptoms. If situation so requires (in the absence of the positive effect, the occurrence of hemorrhage and neurological symptoms) this serum was re-administered 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours after the first injection. There was noted a status ofpatient and the presence of side effects after the application of this serum. Results All 109 patients have received an average of 1.1 doses (ampules) of serum. 108 patients (99%) recovered without consequences. No case of necrosis was observed. There was noted the 1 fatal case (0.9% of total patients). In 6 (5.5%) patients 10 minutes after administration of the serum there were noted side effects, but shortly they disappeared. The overall mortality rate in our experience was lower than in the testing of the similar serum Antivipmyn® Afrique, especially in patients who have not received antisera against the venom of snakes. Conclusion The efficacy and tolerability of the Inoserp® Panafricain serum were higher as mortality rate (0.9%) and side effects (5.5%) - lower in comparison with the serum Antivipmyn® Afrique. This experience has shown the perspectiveness of the use of serum Inoserp® Panafricain for the treatment of cases bitten by venomous snakes in Guinea.

Dynamic monitoring of changes in medical and demographic indicators in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from 1998 to 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

We studied the medical and demographic indicators in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the last 20 years (1998–2018). A decrease in the population by 4,7 % (р<0,01) was revealed in the Russian Federation in the period 1998–2008, 3,4 % decrease, followed by its growth by 2,8 % (р<0,01); a decrease in the number of rural population in the republic and an increase in the urban population were observed. By the beginning of 2019, in comparison with the 2003 data, an increase in the population by 1.9% (р<0,01), a decrease in the number of able-bodied people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at the beginning of 2019, as compared to 1998, were revealed, by 8,2 %, in the Russian Federation – by 4,7 % (р<0,01). In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) the birth rate remains high, the mortality rate is relatively low, and the natural population growth is maintained.

Evaluation of Snake Venom’s PhospholipaseA2 Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Cyphostemma adenocoule

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Atul Kaushik ◽  
Teamrat S. Tesfai ◽  
Daniel K. Barkh ◽  
Furtuna K. Ghebremeskel ◽  
Habtom G. Zerihun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background: A snake bite is fundamentally an injury often resulting in puncture wounds meted out by the animal's fangs and occasionally resulting in envenomation. Rate of snake bites around 5,400,000 bites per year leads to over 2,500,000 envenomings and around 125,000 fatal cases annually. Snake venom enzymes are rich in metalloproteinases, phospholipaseA2, proteinases, acetylcholinesterases and hyaluronidases. Objective: Cyphostemma adenocoule is traditionally being used for the treatment of snake bites in Eritrea. The present research was aimed at evaluating the snake venom enzyme inhibition activity of C. adenocoule against puff adder venom and developing a base for the traditional use of the plant against snakebites in Eritrea. Methods: The anti-venom activity of C. adenocoule was assessed in-vitro through phospholipaseA2 enzyme inhibition assay using egg yolk as a cell. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of C. adenocoule showed in vitro anti phospholipase A2 activity, whereas the water extracts of the plant showed no activity. Results: Among the extracts of C. adenocoule, the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained from chloroform extract (95.55% at 100mg/ml). The extract showed prominent activity at different concentrations (34.7% at10mg/ml, 48.8% at 20mg/ml, 54.8% at 40mg/ml, 60.9% at 60mg/ml, 80.5% at 80mg /ml). The ethanol extract also showed certain activity at various concentrations (25.22% at10mg/ml, 14.78% at 20mg/ml, 2.6% at40mg/ml). The activity of the chloroform extracts increases as concentration increases, whereas the activity of the ethanol extracts decreases as concentration increases. The aqueous extract of C. adenocoule did not show any activity at all concentrations. Conclusion: In this study, the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the plant inhibited the enzyme of interest and thus proved the efficacy of anti-snake venom activity of the plant.

Naming the Baga: Problems in the Identity of a Guinean Cultural Amalgamation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Frederick John Lamp
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Along the coast of the Republic of Guinea, the term “Baga” has been used to cover a large amalgamation of cultural groups, always previously misinterpreted. There are five dialect groups called Baga within the Temne language group. The question raised here concerns the etymology of the name Baga, as it has evolved in juxtaposition to the name Temne in Sierra Leone. It is an attempt to parse the intricate use of language to describe the historical and hierarchical relationship between these two segments of the same group.

Population abundance of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea / Abondance de la population d'hippopotame commun Hippopotamus amphibius dans le Parc National du Haut Niger, République de Guinée

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Bakary Magassouba ◽  
Amidou Sylla ◽  
Halimou Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Sow
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.

Beta-Blocker Attenuates Cardiotoxicity Related Anthracycline Usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

To summarize the recent trials and studies of the role of beta-blocker on the treatment for cancer patients treated with anthracycline to decrease morbidity and mortality rate. Good management of cancer will result in large numbers of cancer survivors. On the other hand, cancer therapy also has side effects, one of which is cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity could reduce therapy effectiveness, hence, increase disease progression and mortality rate. Anthracyclines is one of the chemotherapy agents with cardiotoxicity as a side effect. Beta-blocker has the ability to reduce cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines usage. Keywords: Beta-blocker; Cardiotoxicity; Anthracyclines

Evaluation Changes in Indicators of Oncological Service in Colorectal Cancer in East Kazakhstan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9-10 (219-220) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yerkezhan Zhadykova ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebayev ◽  
Dariyana Kulmirzayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Keywords Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

About 3.15 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.62 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying studying the indicators of the oncological service for CRC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in East Kazakhstan region. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at CRC in East Kazakhstan region in 2009 to 2018. Materials and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding CRC (ICD 10 – C18-21) for 2009-2018 in East Kazakhstan region – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 3,661 new cases of CRC were registered in East Kazakhstan region for the first time. The incidence of CRC was 25.30/0000 and in dynamics tended to increase from 21.90/0000 (2009) to 25.70/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=1.99 and p=0.047). The mortality rate from CRC tended to decrease from 15.50/0000 to 14.70/0000 (p=0.591), and the average annual mortality rate from CRC was 15.60/0000. The indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 58.8% (2009) to 62.3% in 2018, and, accordingly, the indicators of the proportion of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 25.5% to 20.8%), while with stage IV (from 15.7% to 16.9%) there is a slight increase. The indicators of morphological verification in CRC improved from 90.5% to 98.6% during the studied years. Conclusion. An improvement in the indicators of morphological verification and early diagnosis of CRC was found. The obtained results are recommended to be used for monitoring anti-cancer measures in the region. Keywords: colorectal cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

VASODILATORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC DISEASES (С01D) ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
S. E. Rzheussky ◽  
◽  
P. S. Varabei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Isosorbide Mononitrate ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Bcg Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Marketing Information

The article studies the domestic market of vasodilators for cardiac diseases in Belarus by analyzing and comparing secondary marketing information. The structure of the market depending on the manufacturing country was studied. It was established that medicines containing isosorbide mononitrate/dinitrate have the greatest number of indications to use and the least number of side effects. The dynamics of changing the sales of medicines in the vasodilators group for cardiac diseases for the period 2010-2018 is presented. The market attractiveness of medicines of the vasodilators group for cardiac diseases was studied using the matrix of the Boston Consulting Group (BCG matrix).

scholarly journals Remittance trap: comparative approach of the Republic of Moldova and other ex-socialist countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Elina Benea-Popusoi ◽  
◽  
Polina Arivonici ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Capital Outflows ◽  
The Republic

The objective of our analysis has been to find out and elaborate on why some countries could not benefit from remittance inflows sent by migrants or even are getting into traps due to them. In the authors’ view, the remittance trap may be appraised, notably in the long run, as the dilemma in which a country finds itself when the high value of migrant remittance inflows leads to a high value of human and financial capital outflows, as well as to the moral hazard problem of the country's population and government. Accordingly, remittance trap negatively affects the sustainable growth and development of the economy which eventually deepens the country's dependence on remittances, proving the vicious nature of the trap. Furthermore, the paper focuses on identifying a competent set of policy recommendations for the countries that are remittance dependent. A natural conclusion of our research is that there is a thin line between remittances’ advantages and disadvantages, since in fact, short-term benefits very often turn out into long-run side effects, mainly as a result of mismanagement of remittance inflows, which correlates with unfavourable business climate and decreased willingness of the population to invest. Accordingly, the benefits and adverse side effects of remittance inflows are interdependent.

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