Evaluation Changes in Indicators of Oncological Service in Colorectal Cancer in East Kazakhstan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9-10 (219-220) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yerkezhan Zhadykova ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebayev ◽  
Dariyana Kulmirzayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Keywords Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

About 3.15 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.62 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying studying the indicators of the oncological service for CRC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in East Kazakhstan region. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at CRC in East Kazakhstan region in 2009 to 2018. Materials and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding CRC (ICD 10 – C18-21) for 2009-2018 in East Kazakhstan region – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 3,661 new cases of CRC were registered in East Kazakhstan region for the first time. The incidence of CRC was 25.30/0000 and in dynamics tended to increase from 21.90/0000 (2009) to 25.70/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=1.99 and p=0.047). The mortality rate from CRC tended to decrease from 15.50/0000 to 14.70/0000 (p=0.591), and the average annual mortality rate from CRC was 15.60/0000. The indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 58.8% (2009) to 62.3% in 2018, and, accordingly, the indicators of the proportion of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 25.5% to 20.8%), while with stage IV (from 15.7% to 16.9%) there is a slight increase. The indicators of morphological verification in CRC improved from 90.5% to 98.6% during the studied years. Conclusion. An improvement in the indicators of morphological verification and early diagnosis of CRC was found. The obtained results are recommended to be used for monitoring anti-cancer measures in the region. Keywords: colorectal cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

Evaluation changes in indicators of oncological service in gastric cancer in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1-2 (211-212) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Rustem Taszhanov ◽  
◽  
Nurbek Igissinov ◽  
Saken Kozhakhmetov ◽  
Sarsenbi Koblandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Keywords Gastric Cancer ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

About 1.8 million new cases of gastric cancer (GC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.4 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying the indicators of the oncological service for GC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at GC in Kazakhstan in 2009 to 2018. Material and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding GC (ICD 10-C50) for 2009 2018 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 27,468 new cases of GC were registered in the republic for the first time and 19,672 deaths from this pathology were registered. The average annual crude incidence rate of GC was 16.1±0.20/0000 (95% CI=15.7-16.5) and decreased in dynamics from 16.8±0.30/0000 (2009) to 15.1±0.30/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=4.01 and p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from GC tended to statistically significant (t=12.02 and p=0.000) decrease from 14.0±0.30/0000 (2009) to 8.9±0.20/0000 in 2018 year, and the average annual crude mortality rate from GC was 11.6±0.60/0000 (95% CI=10.5-12.7). The research of the study period reveals a trend: early diagnosis indicators (specific weight of patients with I-II stage) improved from 24.5% (2009) to 41.3% in 2018, and accordingly the specific weight of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 46.2% to 41.1%) and with stage IV (from 29.3% to 17.5%). The morphological verification indicators for GC over the studied years improved from 85.1% to 95.0%. Conclusion. An analysis of the indicators of the oncological service in GC revealed an improvement in morphological verification and early diagnosis, a decrease in neglect and mortality rates, which is undoubtedly associated with ongoing anti-cancer measures in Kazakhstan, in particular with the screening, which was carried out in 2012-2016. Keywords: gastric cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

Evaluation changes in indicators of oncological service in breast cancer in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1-2 (211-212) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Nurbek Igissinov ◽  
◽  
Asem Toguzbayeva ◽  
Gulnur Igissinova ◽  
Zarina Bilyalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

According to estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) by 2040 the global burden is expected to grow to 3 million new breast cancer cases and 1 million cancer deaths of this cause. Studying the indicators of the oncological service for breast cancer allows us to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of mammological screening in Kazakhstan. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at breast cancer in Kazakhstan in 2009 to 2018. Material and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan - annual form No.7 and No.35 regarding breast cancer (ICD 10 C50) for 2009-2018. - morbidity, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 40,199 new cases of breast cancer were registered in the republic for the first time and 12,971 women died from this disease. The average annual crude incidence rate of breast cancer was 45.4±1.40/0000 (95% CI=42.8-48.1) and increased in dynamics from 39.5±0.70/0000 (2009) to 49.6±0.70/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=10.2 and p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from breast cancer tended to statistically significant (t=7.95 and p=0.000) decrease from 16.5±0.40/0000 (2009) to 12.0±0.40/0000 in 2018 year, and the average annual crude mortality rate from breast cancer was 14.8 0.50/0000 (95% CI=13.7-15.8). The indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 71.1% (2009) to 87.6% in 2018, the proportion of patients with stage III decreased (from 22.2% to 8.6 %) and stage IV (from 6.4% to 3.6%) for the studied years, i.e. neglect rates are declining. The indicators of morphological verification in breast cancer have always been high and over the studied years improved from 93.4% to 99.1%. Conclusion. An analysis of the indicators of the oncological service at breast cancer revealed an improvement in morphological verification and early diagnosis, a decrease in neglect and mortality rates, which is undoubtedly associated with ongoing anti-cancer measures in Kazakhstan, which a regularly mammological screening. Keywords: breast cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological neglect.

scholarly journals Changes in the assessments of cancer service indicators in cervical cancer in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
N. S. IGISSINOV ◽  
Zh. B. TELMANOVA ◽  
G. S. IGISSINOVA ◽  
Z. A. BILYALOVA ◽  
D. M. KULMIRZAYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Cancer Service ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Biomedical Statistics

About 800 thousand new cases of cervical cancer (CC) are predicted, and it is expected that about 460 thousand women will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying the indicators of the cancer service for CC also allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-cancer measures in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Aim: Evaluate some indicators of the cancer service at CC in Kazakhstan for 2009-2018. Materials and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No.7 and 35 regarding CC (ICD10–C53) for 2009-2018 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 16,441 new cases of CC were registered in the Republic for the first time, and 6,461 women died from this disease. The crude CC incidence rate increased from 16.3±0.4‰ (2009) to 19.5±0.5‰ in 2018 (p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from CC tended to decrease from 8.4±0.3‰ (2009) to 6.4±0.3‰ in 2018 (р=0.000). The research of the study period reveals a trend: early diagnosis indicators (specific weight of patients with I-II stage) improved from 79.8% (2009) to 88.1% in 2018, and accordingly the specific weight of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 15.4% to 8.9%) and with stage IV (from 3.4% to 2.7%). The morphological verification indicators for CC remained virtually unchanged, remaining fairly high 99.2% and 99.3%, respectively, in 2009 and 2018. Conclusion. An analysis of the indicators of the cancer service in CC revealed an improvement in morphological verification and early diagnosis, a decrease in neglect and mortality rates, which is undoubtedly associated with regular anti-cancer activities in Kazakhstan, in particular CC screening.

Genomic overview of right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer using comprehensive genomic sequencing.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15101-e15101
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Shimada ◽  
Hitoshi Kameyama ◽  
Masayuki Nagahashi ◽  
Hiroshi Ichikawa ◽  
Ryoma Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Genomic Sequencing ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gene Alterations

e15101 Background: Although the difference in right vs. left sidedness of colorectal cancer (CRC) in response to targeted therapy has been reported, we hypothesized that right-sided colorectal cancer (RCC) is more likely to have genetic alterations associated with resistance of anti-EGFR therapy. We tested this hypothesis using comprehensive genomic sequencing (CGS) on a set of samples from well-characterized CRC patients. Methods: Two-hundred-one primary colon cancer patients with either RCC or left-sided colorectal cancer (LCC) were analyzed. We investigated gene alterations using 415 gene panel, which includes the gene alterations associated with resistance of anti-EGFR therapy: TK receptors ( ERBB2, MET, EGFR, FGFR1, and PDGFRA), RAS pathway ( KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, BRAF, and MAPK2K1), and PI3K pathway ( PTEN and PIK3CA). We defined the patients who had no alterations in any of the genes as “all wild-type”, who are theoretically considered as responders of anti-EGFR therapy. Other patients with genetic alterations in resistance pathways were defined as “mutant-type”. Results: Fifty-six patients (28%) and 145 patients (72%) had RCC and LCC, respectively. Mutation of PIK3CA, BRAF, ACVR2A, MSH6, and CTNNB1 were significantly associated with RCC. Conversely, mutation of APC and TP53 were significantly associated with LCC. Regarding the gene alterations associated with anti-EGFR therapy, only 6 of 56 patients (11%) of RCC were “all wild-type”; in contrast to 41 of 145 patients (28%) of LCC that were “all wild-type” ( P = 0.009). In 45 Stage IV patients treated with anti-EGFR therapy, RCC showed significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) than LCC ( P = 0.019), and “mutant-type” RCC showed worse PFS compared to the others ( P = 0.018). Conclusions: RCC is more likely to have the genetic alterations associated with resistance of anti-EGFR therapy compared to LCC. Primary tumor sidedness is a surrogate for the non-random distribution of molecular subtypes in CRC.

scholarly journals role of the multidisciplinary cancer team in reducing cancer morbidity and mortality rate in Indonesia with colorectal cancer as a model

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Aru W Sudoyo
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Curative Care ◽  
Cancer Morbidity ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care Team

In Indonesia, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen from obscurity (outside the top 10) to its present high – number two for males and number three for females (Globocan 2012). These figures are not without reason. Globally, about 25% of patients are at stage IV CRC when they visit their doctors – more than 34% in a report from Indonesia - and it is assumed that 85% of patients with stage IV CRC have unresectable liver disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. The concept of an integrated team concept or multidisciplinary care team (MDT) has open the chance for a more aggressive management with better outcome, in which unresectable cases may become resectable and the survival rate of less 5% can be improved to more than 30%. Therefore, the purpose of treatment can be shifted from palliative to curative care. Various studies have demonstrated that MDT can improve survival rate of CRC patients and it is also beneficial for its members. MDT can reduce cancer morbidity and mortality rate in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Biobank of Colorectal Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2340
Author(s):  
Suad M. Abdirahman ◽  
Michael Christie ◽  
Adele Preaudet ◽  
Marie C. U. Burstroem ◽  
Dmitri Mouradov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patient ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Late Stage Disease ◽  
Pdx Models

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenging disease, with a high mortality rate and limited effective treatment options, particularly for late-stage disease. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as an informative, renewable experimental resource to model CRC architecture and biology. Here, we describe the generation of a biobank of CRC PDXs from stage I to stage IV patients. We demonstrate that PDXs within our biobank recapitulate the histopathological and mutation features of the original patient tumor. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of this resource in pre-clinical chemotherapy and targeted treatment studies, highlighting the translational potential of PDX models in the identification of new therapies that will improve the overall survival of CRC patients.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MULTIPARAMETRIC ENDORECTAL ULTRASOUND AND ENHANCED IMAGING COLONOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY COLORECTAL CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
E. M. Bogdanova ◽  
Yu. L. Trubacheva ◽  
O. M. Yugai ◽  
S. V. Chernyshov ◽  
E. G. Rybakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Endorectal Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Enhanced Imaging

AIM: to compare multiparametric endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and enhanced imaging colonoscopy in the diagnosis of early colorectal cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 78 patients with epithelial rectal tumor. All the patients underwent multiparametric ERUS and colonoscopy with examination by narrow beam imaging (NBI) at optical magnification. All the patients were operated.RESULTS: a morphological examination removed specimens revealed adenomas in 48 cases, in 19 specimens – adenocarcinomas in situ and T1, and in 11 specimens – adenocarcinomas with invasion of the muscle layer or deeper. When calculating the accuracy indicators of diagnostic methods for groups of patients with adenoma, Tis-T1 adenocarcinoma, and T2-T3 adenocarcinoma, the difference in the sensitivity and specificity of the methods in none of the presented groups did not reach the level of statistical significance (p>0.05).ROC analysis showed that ultrasound has a prognostic value comparable to colonoscopy. The area difference was 0.013 (p=0.85).CONCLUSION: endoscopy and ultrasound have similar value in the diagnosis of malignant transformation of rectal adenomas.

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