scholarly journals Use of microRNA to estimate time science death: review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Airat A. Halikov ◽  
Evgeniy M. Kildyushov ◽  
Kirill O. Kuznetsov ◽  
Laysan R. Iskuzhina ◽  
Gulnaz R. Rahmatullina
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Potential Use

Death prescription evaluation is still one of the most difficult issues in forensic medical practice. This review aimed to assess the potential use of micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) in death prescription diagnosis. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are 1824 nucleotides long and are well preserved in the eukaryotic cells. Their role is to regulate gene expression in biological processes during the post-transcriptional phase. MiRNA was proven to be effective in clinical medicine for various disease diagnoses, with its possible use in forensic medicine as a marker for death prescription assessment due to its low molecular weight, tissue-specific expression, and high resistance to external and internal environmental factors. The analysis results of scientific literature revealed that the internal characteristics of miRNA molecules and their high resistance to degradation make them suitable as biomarkers for the duration of death assessment, especially in the late postmortem period; however, further large-scale studies on cadaveric material are necessary.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs and endocrine biology

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinna L Cuellar ◽  
Michael T McManus
Keyword(s):  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
B Cell Development ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that powerfully regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. These fascinating molecules play essential roles in many biological processes in mammals, including insulin secretion, B-cell development, and adipocyte differentiation. This review provides a general background regarding current knowledge about miRNA biogenesis and the potential contributions of these RNAs to endocrine function.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as regulators of apoptosis mechanisms in cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Pileczki ◽  
Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric ◽  
Mahafarin Maralani ◽  
Ioana Berindan Neagoe ◽  
Robert Sandulescu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cell Resistance ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Resistance To Treatment ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Tumor Cell Resistance

MicroRNAs or miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Their discovery has brought new knowledge in biological processes of cancer. Involvement of miRNAs in cancer development includes several major pathways from cell transformation to tumor cell development, metastasis and resistance to treatment. The first part of this review discusses miRNAs function in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Due to the fact that many miRNAs that regulate apoptosis have been shown to play a major role in tumor cell resistance to treatment, in the second part of the review we aim at discussing miRNAs potential in becoming curative molecules.       

scholarly journals RIblast: An ultrafast RNA-RNA interaction prediction system for comprehensive lncRNA interaction analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Fukunaga ◽  
Michiaki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Interaction Prediction ◽  
Suffix Arrays ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Rna Interaction

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes. Although more than 58,000 human lncRNA genes have been discovered, most known lncRNAs are still poorly characterised. One approach to understanding the functions of lncRNAs is the detection of the interacting RNA target of each lncRNA. Because experimental detection of comprehensive lncRNA-RNA interactions are difficult, computational prediction of lncRNA-RNA interactions is an indispensable technique. However, the high computational costs of existing RNA-RNA interaction prediction tools prevents their application to large-scale lncRNA datasets. Here, we present “RIblast”, an ultrafast RNA-RNA interaction prediction method based on the seed-and-extension approach. RIblast discovers seed regions using suffix arrays and subsequently extends seed regions based on an RNA secondary structure energy model. Computational experiments indicate that RIblast achieves a level of prediction accuracy similar to those of existing programs, but at speeds over 64 times faster than existing programs.

scholarly journals GH and IGF System: The Regulatory Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Catellani ◽  
Gloria Ravegnini ◽  
Chiara Sartori ◽  
Sabrina Angelini ◽  
Maria E. Street
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Growth Promoting

Growth hormone (GH) and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system are involved in many biological processes and have growth-promoting actions regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNAs and lncRNAs have been associated with several diseases including cancer. Herein we report the most recent findings concerning miRNAs and lncRNAs regulating GH and the IGF system in the context of pituitary adenomas, osteosarcoma and colorectal cancer, shedding light on new possible therapeutic targets. Pituitary adenomas are increasingly common intracranial tumors and somatotroph adenomas determine supra-physiological GH secretion and cause acromegaly. Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone tumor in children and adolescents and was reported in adults who were treated with GH in childhood. Colorectal cancer is the third cancer in the world and has a higher prevalence in acromegalic patients.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs in schistosomes: an unexplored world

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia C Oliveira ◽  
Mariana L. P Carvalho ◽  
Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho ◽  
João P Kitajima ◽  
Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Microarray Experiment ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Regulation Network ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Host Parasite

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were recently given much higher attention due to technical advances in sequencing which expanded the characterization of transcriptomes in different organisms. ncRNAs have different lengths (22 nt to >1, 000 nt) and mechanisms of action that essentially comprise a sophisticated gene expression regulation network. Recent publication of schistosome genomes and transcriptomes has increased the description and characterization of a large number of parasite genes. Here we review the number of predicted genes and the coverage of genomic bases in face of the public ESTs dataset available, including a critical appraisal of the evidence and characterization of ncRNAs in schistosomes. We show expression data for ncRNAs in Schistosoma mansoni. We analyze three different microarray experiment datasets: (1) adult worms' large-scale expression measurements; (2) differentially expressed S. mansoni genes regulated by a human cytokine (TNF-α) in a parasite culture; and (3) a stage-specific expression of ncRNAs. All these data point to ncRNAs involved in different biological processes and physiological responses that suggest functionality of these new players in the parasite's biology. Exploring this world is a challenge for the scientists under a new molecular perspective of host-parasite interactions and parasite development.

scholarly journals Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopei Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Weidong Zhu ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Yingying Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nt. lncRNAs primarily interact with mRNA, DNA, protein, and miRNA and consequently regulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels in a variety of ways. They play important roles in biological processes such as chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, RNA processing, and mRNA translation. lncRNAs have important functions in plant growth and development; biotic and abiotic stress responses; and in regulation of cell differentiation, the cell cycle, and the occurrence of many diseases in humans and animals. In this review, we summarize the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in plants, humans, and animals at different regulatory levels.

scholarly journals Insights into the Functions of LncRNAs in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqin Li ◽  
Yuanliangzi Tian ◽  
Ya Yuan ◽  
Xiaolan Fan ◽  
Mingyao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides (nt). LncRNAs have high spatiotemporal specificity, and secondary structures have been preserved throughout evolution. They have been implicated in a range of biological processes and diseases and are emerging as key regulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Comparative analyses of lncRNA functions among multiple organisms have suggested that some of their mechanisms seem to be conserved. Transcriptome studies have found that some Drosophila lncRNAs have highly specific expression patterns in embryos, nerves, and gonads. In vivo studies of lncRNAs have revealed that dysregulated expression of lncRNAs in Drosophila may result in impaired embryo development, impaired neurological and gonadal functions, and poor stress resistance. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms of lncRNAs and mainly focus on recent insights into the transcriptome studies and biological functions of lncRNAs in Drosophila.

scholarly journals The Causes and Consequences of miR-503 Dysregulation and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjing He ◽  
Yin Cai ◽  
Pearl Mingchu Pai ◽  
Xinling Ren ◽  
Zhengyuan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

microRNAs (miRs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by mRNA degradation or translational repression. Accumulated studies have demonstrated that miRs participate in various biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and development, and the dysregulation of miRs expression are involved in different human diseases, such as neurological, cardiovascular disease and cancer. microRNA-503 (miR-503), one member of miR-16 family, has been studied widely in cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the studies of miR-503 in vitro and in vivo, and how miR-503 regulates gene expression from different aspects of pathological processes of diseases, including carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue fibrosis and oxidative stress; We will also discuss the mechanisms of dysregulation of miR-503, and whether miR-503 could be applied as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease or cancer.

Targeting Long Non-Coding RNAs in Nervous System Cancers: New Insights in Prognosis, Diagnosis and Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 5649-5663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Malissovas ◽  
Elpinickie Ninou ◽  
Artemis Michail ◽  
Panagiotis K. Politis
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute one of the most broad and diverse classes of cellular transcripts, playing key roles as regulatory molecules in many biological processes. Although the biology of lncRNAs is a new and emerging field of research, several studies have already shown that alterations in the expression of lncRNAs are associated with the development and progression of cancer in different organs and tissues, including central and peripheral nervous system. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of lncRNAs in malignant tumors of the nervous system, such as glioma and neuroblastoma, focusing on their functional interactions with DNA, other RNA and protein molecules. We further discuss the potential use of lncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and tumor treatment. Gaining insight into the functional association between nervous system malignancies and lncRNAs could offer new perspectives to the development of promising therapeutic tools against cancer.

scholarly journals The emerging roles of exosomal circRNAs in diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Guo ◽  
W. Tan ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Abstract Exosomes, the nanoscale phospholipid bilayer vesicles, enriched in selected proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, which they participated in a variety of biological processes in the body, including physiology and pathology. CircRNAs (circular RNAs) are a class of single-stranded closed molecules with tissue development specific expression patterns that have crucial regulatory functions in various diseases. Non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs and long non‑coding RNAs) in exosomes have also been shown to play an important regulatory role in humans. However, little research has focused on exosomal circRNAs. Recently, CircRNAs have been identified to be enriched and stably expressed in exosomes. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and biological functions of exosomes and circRNA, and further revealed the potential role of exosome-derived circRNA in different diseases. Besides, we propose its use as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic punctuation for diseases, especially in cancer.

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