Basics and methods of modern disinfection

1906 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. Nikolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Relationship Of

I have chosen as a specialty the study of the most important in the hygienic relationship of microbes of the plant and animal kingdom. Microbes play an important role in a person's life. Some turned out to be the causative agents of diseases. At the present time, almost with all infectious diseases of a person, microbes producing them have been found.

Two way relationship of pregnancy and immune responses to infectious diseases

Placenta ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. A10
Author(s):  
L. Krishnan ◽  
L.J. Guilbert ◽  
T.G. Wegmann ◽  
M. Belosevic ◽  
T.R. Mosmann
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Relationship Of

Widespread infection of the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) by a new species of Amphibiocystidium, a genus of fungus-like mesomycetozoan parasites not previously reported in North America

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. RAFFEL ◽  
T. BOMMARITO ◽  
D. S. BARRY ◽  
S. M. WITIAK ◽  
L. A. SHACKELTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
A New Species

SUMMARYGiven the worldwide decline of amphibian populations due to emerging infectious diseases, it is imperative that we identify and address the causative agents. Many of the pathogens recently implicated in amphibian mortality and morbidity have been fungal or members of a poorly understood group of fungus-like protists, the mesomycetozoans. One mesomycetozoan, Amphibiocystidium ranae, is known to infect several European amphibian species and was associated with a recent decline of frogs in Italy. Here we present the first report of an Amphibiocystidium sp. in a North American amphibian, the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), and characterize it as the new species A. viridescens in the order Dermocystida based on morphological, geographical and phylogenetic evidence. We also describe the widespread and seasonal distribution of this parasite in red-spotted newt populations and provide evidence of mortality due to infection.

Varicella and Cortisone

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. HAGGERTY ◽  
R. CANNON ELEY
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vesicle Fluid ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
Cortisone Therapy ◽  
Relationship Of

In the past 2 years we have seen 2 patients at the Children's Medical Center, who, while receiving cortisone therapy, developed varicella and died following a state of shock within a few days after the appearance of the vesicles. Post-mortem examinations of these patients revealed hemorrhagic vesicles throughout all viscera. In 1 case the virus of varicella was grown from vesicle fluid, heart blood, and lung. Since fatalities from varicella in childhood are so rarely encountered, even by physicians with vast experience in the field of infectious diseases, and since the clinical course of the infection in these two patients was so fulminating, the possible relationship of cortisone administration was raised.

scholarly journals Enterovirus D: A Small but Versatile Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Ines Cordeiro Filipe ◽  
Mariana Soares Guedes ◽  
Evgeny M. Zdobnov ◽  
Caroline Tapparel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Causative Agents

Enteroviruses (EVs) from the D species are the causative agents of a diverse range of infectious diseases in spite of comprising only five known members. This small clade has a diverse host range and tissue tropism. It contains types infecting non-human primates and/or humans, and for the latter, they preferentially infect the eye, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. Although several Enterovirus D members, in particular EV-D68, have been associated with neurological complications, including acute myelitis, there is currently no effective treatment or vaccine against any of them. This review highlights the peculiarities of this viral species, focusing on genome organization, functional elements, receptor usage, and pathogenesis.

Bacterial Infecfions: Changes in Their Causative Agents—Trends and Possible Basis (Bayer—Symposium III), edited by M. Finland, W. Marget, and K. Bartmann. New York/Heidelberg/Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971, 231 pp., $15.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-833
Author(s):  
John D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Changing Patterns

Almost two years ago a group of eminent international authorities in the field of infectious diseases gathered near Cologne, Germany, for a week of reflection and discussion concerning the changing patterns of bacterial infections in recent decades and the possible reasons for the changes. The United States was represented by Drs. M. Finland and E. H. Kass of Boston, F. Daschner of Los Angeles, and A. von Graevenitz of New Haven. Other scientists were from Germany, France, Sweden, Great Britain, Switzerland, and Denmark.

Maternal infectious diseases during pregnancy and obstetric complications in the etiology of distinct subtypes of schizophrenia: further evidence from maternal hospital records

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Franzek ◽  
G Stöber
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Maternal Recall ◽  
Genetic Loading ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

SummaryOn the basis of 24 maternity hospital records, the current study investigated the validity of maternal recall and the relationship of maternal infections during pregnancy and obstetric complications (OCs) to different diagnostic subgroups of endogenous psychoses on which we reported previously in this journal. Maternal recall showed good agreement to maternity hospital records in the Lewis and Murray scale (ϑ = 0.74). With regard to infectious diseases during pregnancy maternal recall and records showed a weaker, but also good correlation (ϑ = 0.18). Psychoses with low genetic loading had more OCs than psychoses with high genetic loading. Maternal infectious diseases, especially during the fourth or fifth month of gestation, were significantly allocated to Leonhard's systematic schizophrenias. Data from maternity hospital records support our report that infectious diseases during midgestation and further perinatal complications seem to be important etiologic factors in systematic forms of schizophrenia without marked familial loading.

Can Wolbachia modulate the fecundity costs of Plasmodium in mosquitoes?

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Zélé ◽  
J Denoyelle ◽  
O Duron ◽  
A Rivero
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Natural System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Damaging Effects

AbstractVertically transmitted parasites (VTPs) such as Wolbachia are expected not only to minimize the damage they inflict on their hosts, but also to protect their hosts against the damaging effects of coinfecting parasites. By modifying the fitness costs of the infection, VTPs can therefore play an important role in the evolution and epidemiology of infectious diseases.Using a natural system, we explore the effects of a Wolbachia–Plasmodium co-infection on mosquito fecundity. While Plasmodium is known to frequently express its virulence by partially castrating its mosquito vectors, the effects of Wolbachia infections on mosquito fecundity are, in contrast, highly variable. Here, we show that Plasmodium drastically decreases the fecundity of mosquitoes by ca. 20%, and we provide the first evidence that this decrease is independent of the parasite's burden. Wolbachia, on the other hand, increases fecundity by roughly 10%, but does not alter the tolerance (fecundity–burden relationship) of mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection.Although Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes fare overall better than uninfected ones, Wolbachia does not confer a sufficiently high reproductive boost to mosquitoes to compensate for the reproductive losses inflicted by Plasmodium. We discuss the potential mechanisms and implications underlying the conflicting effects of these two parasites on mosquito reproduction.

The Relationship of Schizophrenic Births to 16 Infectious Diseases

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O'Callaghan ◽  
P. C. Sham ◽  
N. Takei ◽  
G. Murray ◽  
G. Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First Admission

BackgroundRecently, several investigators have reported an association between influenza epidemics and increased birth rates of ‘preschizophrenic’ individuals some four to six months later. Here we examine whether maternal exposure to other infectious diseases can also predispose the foetus to later schizophrenia.MethodTwo independent sets of dates of birth of first admission schizophrenic patients, born between 1938 and 1965 in England and Wales, were obtained from the Mental Health Enquiry in England and Wales. Data on the number of deaths per month from 16 infectious diseases between 1937 and 1965 in England and Wales were also collected. We used a Poisson regression model to examine the relationship between deaths from infectious diseases and schizophrenic births.ResultsIn the two separate data sets, increased national deaths from bronchopneumonia preceded, by three and five months respectively, increased numbers of schizophrenic births. We did not find any other significant associations between schizophrenic births and any of the other 15 infectious diseases.ConclusionsThe association between deaths from bronchopneumonia and increased schizophrenic births some months later may be a reflection of the fact that bronchopneumonia deaths increase markedly during influenza epidemics.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Microbial Evolution to Commensalism and Pathogenicity in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CGast.S11858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asit Ranjan Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Human System ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Causative Agents

The human body is host to a number of microbes occurring in various forms of host-microbe associations, such as commensals, mutualists, pathogens and opportunistic symbionts. While this association with microbes in certain cases is beneficial to the host, in many other cases it seems to offer no evident benefit or motive. The emergence and re-emergence of newer varieties of infectious diseases with causative agents being strains that were once living in the human system makes it necessary to study the environment and the dynamics under which this host microbe relationship thrives. The present discussion examines this interaction while tracing the origins of this association, and attempts to hypothesize a possible framework of selective pressures that could have lead microbes to inhabit mammalian host systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document