The Infectious Diseases of Man and Their Causative Agents.

1969 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 886
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Causative Agents

Widespread infection of the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) by a new species of Amphibiocystidium, a genus of fungus-like mesomycetozoan parasites not previously reported in North America

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. RAFFEL ◽  
T. BOMMARITO ◽  
D. S. BARRY ◽  
S. M. WITIAK ◽  
L. A. SHACKELTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Notophthalmus Viridescens ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
A New Species

SUMMARYGiven the worldwide decline of amphibian populations due to emerging infectious diseases, it is imperative that we identify and address the causative agents. Many of the pathogens recently implicated in amphibian mortality and morbidity have been fungal or members of a poorly understood group of fungus-like protists, the mesomycetozoans. One mesomycetozoan, Amphibiocystidium ranae, is known to infect several European amphibian species and was associated with a recent decline of frogs in Italy. Here we present the first report of an Amphibiocystidium sp. in a North American amphibian, the Eastern red-spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), and characterize it as the new species A. viridescens in the order Dermocystida based on morphological, geographical and phylogenetic evidence. We also describe the widespread and seasonal distribution of this parasite in red-spotted newt populations and provide evidence of mortality due to infection.

scholarly journals Enterovirus D: A Small but Versatile Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Ines Cordeiro Filipe ◽  
Mariana Soares Guedes ◽  
Evgeny M. Zdobnov ◽  
Caroline Tapparel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Genome Organization ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Causative Agents

Enteroviruses (EVs) from the D species are the causative agents of a diverse range of infectious diseases in spite of comprising only five known members. This small clade has a diverse host range and tissue tropism. It contains types infecting non-human primates and/or humans, and for the latter, they preferentially infect the eye, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. Although several Enterovirus D members, in particular EV-D68, have been associated with neurological complications, including acute myelitis, there is currently no effective treatment or vaccine against any of them. This review highlights the peculiarities of this viral species, focusing on genome organization, functional elements, receptor usage, and pathogenesis.

Bacterial Infecfions: Changes in Their Causative Agents—Trends and Possible Basis (Bayer—Symposium III), edited by M. Finland, W. Marget, and K. Bartmann. New York/Heidelberg/Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1971, 231 pp., $15.00

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-833
Author(s):  
John D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Changing Patterns

Almost two years ago a group of eminent international authorities in the field of infectious diseases gathered near Cologne, Germany, for a week of reflection and discussion concerning the changing patterns of bacterial infections in recent decades and the possible reasons for the changes. The United States was represented by Drs. M. Finland and E. H. Kass of Boston, F. Daschner of Los Angeles, and A. von Graevenitz of New Haven. Other scientists were from Germany, France, Sweden, Great Britain, Switzerland, and Denmark.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Microbial Evolution to Commensalism and Pathogenicity in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CGast.S11858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asit Ranjan Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Human System ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Causative Agents

The human body is host to a number of microbes occurring in various forms of host-microbe associations, such as commensals, mutualists, pathogens and opportunistic symbionts. While this association with microbes in certain cases is beneficial to the host, in many other cases it seems to offer no evident benefit or motive. The emergence and re-emergence of newer varieties of infectious diseases with causative agents being strains that were once living in the human system makes it necessary to study the environment and the dynamics under which this host microbe relationship thrives. The present discussion examines this interaction while tracing the origins of this association, and attempts to hypothesize a possible framework of selective pressures that could have lead microbes to inhabit mammalian host systems.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to genotyping of causative agents of particularly dangerous infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
O. S. Bondareva ◽  
S. S. Savchenko ◽  
G. A. Tkachenko ◽  
A. I. Abueva ◽  
Yu. O. Muratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Causative Agents

Currently genotyping of microorganisms is widely used in the investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases, the implementation of epidemiological surveillance of infections and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial pathogens. Development of methods for genotyping is particularly topical for pathogens of such highly dangerous infections as plague, cholera, anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia, glanders and melioidosis, due to their high pathogenicity and contagiousness. In this overview there is presented the characteristics of different genotyping methods together with an indication of their advantages and drawbacks. There has been analyzed the frequency of the use of genotyping methods on an annual basis and in terms of the type of the causative agents of especially dangerous infections.

scholarly journals Interaction between mycotoxins and causative agents of swine infective diseases

2011 ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Jasna Prodanov-Radulovic ◽  
Radoslav Dosen ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Ivan Pusic ◽  
Milica Zivkov-Balos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Immunological System

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that can contaminate animal feeds at all stages of food production chain. Consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxins may result in immunosuppression, which represents a predisposing factor for occurence of infectious diseases in livestock. The influence on immune system is of special interest in swine industry. The technology on swine farms demands frequent vaccinations, which may be a problem in the case of immunocompromised animals. The aim of this paper was evaluation of mycotoxin influence on swine farms, as secondary factors for destabilization of animals? immunological system. Material for this research included the samples from five swine farms, where health disorders, i.e. clinical and patomorphological signs resembling the problem with infectious diseases in different swine categories, were detected. The applied research methods included: epidemiological and clinical evaluation, pathomorphological examination, laboratory testing of bacteriological and virusological tissue originating from dead animals, and microbiological feed testing in order to examine the presence of fungi and mycotoxins. The obtained results indicated the existence of positive interaction between mycotoxins and causative agents of swine infective diseases. Despite continual pharmaco- and immunoprophylaxis in swine, the health problems of bacterial ethiology (colibacilosis, enteroxemia, dysentery, pneumonia, endometritis) were detected. From an epidemiological point of view, the presence of mycotoxins in animal feed may induce a breakdown of active immunity and occurrence of disease even in properly vaccinated animals.

scholarly journals Study of Susceptibility of Staphylococcosis and Streptococcosis Causative Agents to Medicinal Preparations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abbasov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medicinal Preparations ◽  
Causative Agents

The article gives consideration to the determination of the susceptibility of causative agents of staphylococcosis and streptococcosis to antibiotics. Long-term use of medicinal preparations, including antibiotics, leads to the emergence of generations of microorganisms that are resistant to causative agents of infectious diseases, and this is the reason for the decrease in the effectiveness of medical and preventive measures. Considering all this, the susceptibility degree of cultures of causative agents of staphylococcosis and streptococcosis to drugs such as enroline, colistin, gentamicin, tilazine, furazalidone and neomycin was studied. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus pyugenes cultures to enroline, gentamicin and colistin by 22.2%, and to furasilidone by 74.0%, and Streptococcus feccalus cultures by 38.0% to enolin, by 33.3% to gentamicin, by 19.0% to colistin and by 33.3% to furazalidone were investigated. On the basis of findings of investigations, the highest sensitivity of Staphylococcus pyugenes to furazalidone by 74.0% was revealed. And from the preparations we studied, it was found that Streptococcus feccalus is susceptible to enroline by 38.0%.

scholarly journals Екологічні особливості епізоотичних процесів

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (78) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
B.M. Kurtyak ◽  
M.S. Romanovych ◽  
T.O. Pundyak ◽  
М.М. Romanovych ◽  
L.V. Romanovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Rational Plan

In the emergence, development and flow of epizootics, environmental features are often not taken into account as causative agents of infectious diseases – stability in the external environment, range, adaptation to different types of animals, and vectors and reservoir of pathogens. Epizootology, studying the ecological interrelations of animals, reveals the patterns of prediction of epizootics, the elucidation of which is essential for the development of a plan for antiepizootic measures. A rational plan of measures, developed on the basis of an informed forecast, ensures its effectiveness.Epizootological geography, which studies the spread of infectious animal diseases in various natural and geographical conditions, allows us to disclose the significance of various external factors. In addition, with its help you can not only describe the territory of the spread of various infectious diseases, but also explain the geography of diseases, the history of their origin and development. As a result, it is possible to draw up prognostic maps that identify areas with favorable and unfavorable conditions for the spread of diseases and give predictions of some epizootics that occur seasonally or after a certain number of years. A significant number of infectious diseases are anthropozoonoses, and the areas of their spread are associated with physical and geographical zones in which natural foci are historically formed.The study of epizootology, from the point of view of ecology, enriches the knowledge of epizootological regularities. The ecology of animals studies the interrelationships of living organisms, the way of their life in connection with the conditions of existence in the environment, the dynamics of the number of species and the peculiarity of biocenoses. 

scholarly journals Helminthic invasion in malaria patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147
Author(s):  
F. K. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Parasitic Worms

In the light of modern teachings, parasitic worms are considered not only as causative agents of helminthic diseases, very diverse in etiology and clinical course, but to a large extent also as the primary source of very frequent infectious diseases, as inoculators of microbial flora, as a factor that acts with its poisonous properties on the body, disrupting normal organ function and predisposing it to other diseases and to severe disease. With the development of most infectious diseases, the first role belongs to worms, and the second to bacteria; the course and death of the disease should be considered as the result of the combined destructive work of both. One should not be hypnotized by germs only (Cadeak).

Basics and methods of modern disinfection

1906 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. Nikolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Relationship Of

I have chosen as a specialty the study of the most important in the hygienic relationship of microbes of the plant and animal kingdom. Microbes play an important role in a person's life. Some turned out to be the causative agents of diseases. At the present time, almost with all infectious diseases of a person, microbes producing them have been found.

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