To the question of nephrosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-322
Author(s):  
S. Zimnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject

As you know, the issue of nephrosclerosis is currently the subject of a lively debate

Natural Kinds

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Khalidi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Cluster Theory ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Homeostatic Property Cluster ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
Scientific Classification

Science posits entities that are neither individuals nor properties but kinds of individuals that share a number of distinct properties. Philosophers have designated them “natural kinds” and have held different views about how to distinguish them from arbitrary collections of individuals. The doctrine of “kinds” or “natural groups” was first explicitly introduced by nineteenth-century philosophers interested in taxonomy or scientific classification and continues to be the subject of lively debate in contemporary philosophy. After canvassing some of the philosophical controversies regarding natural kinds, the article presents two influential contemporary theories of natural kinds: essentialism and the homeostatic property cluster theory. The article goes on to defend naturalism, which is more in tune with the findings of modern science.

Methodological Problems of Prophylactic Trials in Recurrent Affective Disorders

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (535) ◽  
pp. 599-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grof ◽  
M. Schou ◽  
J. Angst ◽  
P. C. Baastrup ◽  
P. Weis
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject

During the past year the question of lithium prophylaxis has been the subject of lively debate (Blackwell and Shepherd, 1968; Hullin et al., 1968; Houghton, 1968; Baastrup and Schou, 1968a; Lader, 1968; Sargant, 1968; Saran, 1968; Baastrup and Schou, 1968b; Melia, 1968; Fieve and Platman, 1968; Cole, 1968; Kline, 1968; Kerry, 1968; Editorial, 1968; Berlyne, 1968; Silverman, 1968; Laurell and Ottosson, 1968; Lancet Editorial, 1969; Whybrow, 1969; Melia, 1969; Angst et al., 1969c). This discussion has revealed considerable uncertainty about the design and assessment of prophylactic trials, and there have been misunderstandings on important points.

Agreeing Adpositions in Avar and The Directionality-of-Valuation Debate

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Case Assignment ◽  
Traditional Conception ◽  
Central Spot ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Agreement Morphology ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Locative Case

Given the central spot afforded to unvalued features in current theorizing, the directionality of feature valuation is the subject of a lively debate in the syntactic literature. The traditional conception of upward valuation, whereby the unvalued probe inherits features from a valued goal in its c-command domain ( Chomsky 2000 , 2001 , Carstens and Diercks 2013 , Preminger 2013 ), has to compete with downward valuation ( Zeijlstra 2012 ), Hybrid Agree ( Bjorkman and Zeijlstra 2019 ), and bidirectional Agree ( Baker 2008 ), among others. Here, using data from Avar, I discuss the crosslinguistically rare phenomenon of adposition agreement, whereby certain adverbs, postpositions, and locative case forms undergo agreement with an absolutive argument. I set the stage by sketching the mechanism of case assignment and argument-predicate agreement in Avar ( section 1 ) and introducing the phenomenon of adposition agreement ( section 2 ). I then show that the agreement morphology on agreeing adpositions is a result of agreement rather than concord ( section 3 ). In sections 4 – 5 , I explore the consequences of adposition agreement in Avar for upward and downward valuation, concluding that upward valuation is better equipped to account for the observed patterns. In section 6 , I summarize the results of the discussion.

scholarly journals Preamble to Special Issue

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
City of Melbourne
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The Face ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Design Construction

About 15 years ago the City of Melbourne came up with a scheme that would transform completely the face and the fortunes of the city. At the time the city, like thousands of others around the globe, emptied at night as tens of thousands of commuters decamped in their cars for the suburbs. The Council's Postcode 3000 scheme, launched in 1992, outlined plans to entice residential development back into the city, through financial and technical incentives, technical advice, a review of technical requirements, research and statistical data, promotional events and publicity.It is hard now to believe -walking through the bustling streets lined with converted apartments and thriving businesses -that anyone was ever sceptical about the potential for city living Melbourne-style. The success of Postcode 3000 far exceeded even the most ambitious targets and the City of Melbourne became one of the fastest growing municipalities in the land.With its visionary new Council House 2 (CH2) building , the City of Melbourne is once again planning a lifestyle revolution. This time the subject is sustainability and the target is the construction industry. Using the CH2 office building as a living , breathing example, the Council intends to demonstrate the potential for sustainable technologies to transform the way we approach the design, construction and indeed entire philosophy of our built environment. Just as Postcode 3000 reinvented the city, the City of Melbourne wants to see the CH2 example copied , improved upon and enthusiastically taken up throughout Melbourne and far, far beyond.As before, there are a great many sceptics. The City's approach to this has been to patiently press ahead with construction of its best source of proof -CH2 itself -while actively and energetically encouraging lively debate -from the greatest enthusiasts to the harshest critics alike.

Herodian's Method of Composition.

1915 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
A. G. Roos
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historia Augusta ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject

Whilst the Scriptores Historiae Augustae have given rise in the last twenty-five years to lively debate, and their historical value has been tested in various ways, the other authors who treat of the same period have less frequently been made the subject of investigation. In the discussions of the Historia Augusta they have been indeed commonly considered, but works of scholars who are mainly concerned with the corresponding parts of Dio Cassius' History or with Herodian's History of the Emperors, and who consequently make these authors the centre of their researches, are comparatively rare. Hence it is all the more gratifying that the history of Herodian at least should recently have been discussed in two elaborate monographs, one by Erich Baaz, and another by Dr. J. C. P. Smits. Unfortunately these two investigators in many respects arrive at greatly different results. The following remarks will, I hope, throw fresh light on at least one of the controversial points.

scholarly journals Television Docudrama as Alternative Records of History

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluke Ogunleye
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The People ◽  
Cave Paintings ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject

From time immemorial human beings have sought to document their activities in realistic forms in order to pass across information about their lives to posterity. Even before the advent of cinematography, human beings had attempted to show life, not as static, but as dynamic. Cave paintings done by early men have shown an attempt to demonstrate movement through drawings of animals with many legs, designed to simulate motion. Also, attempts at showing moving images have included the shadow plays of North Africa and India, puppetry in many parts of the world, the pot art of India, etc. These activities presented the culture of the people and showed how icons are developed, what they stand for in the people's lives, and how people made meaning out of their lives and activities. With the development of the arts of cinematography and television, these also became vehicles to document happenings and events in the lives of the people.In this study, I discuss the television docudrama as an alternative means of documenting history. There are many reasons necessitating an alternative source of documenting history, but two examples from Nigeria will suffice to justify this position. The powers-that-be in Nigeria have decreed that it is no longer necessary to study history in primary and secondary schools, and the subject has been removed from the curriculum. Consequently, if a Nigerian citizen does not go to a tertiary institution to study history, the past of her/his people will forever remain a mystery to her/him. Currently, there is a very lively debate in Nigeria about the origins of the Yoruba people. Traditional rulers, who are supposed to be the custodians of history, are at loggerheads with each other and with eggheads in history departments. The traditional rulers are bringing out diverse facts and evidence that differ from previously written histories.

HEROIC FICTION, COMBAT SCENES, AND THE SCHOLARLY RECONSTRUCTION OF ARCHAIC GREEK WARFARE

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-60
Author(s):  
FERNANDO ECHEVERRÍA
Keyword(s):  
Archaic Period ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Combat scenes depicted on vases are a critical source for the reconstruction of Greek warfare in the archaic period. They are the subject of a lively debate over their accuracy and reliability as historical sources, and the degree to which they represent historical ways of fighting among archaic Greeks has been questioned. A particularly common argument used to question, or even in some cases, to reject some scenes as potential sources is to identify them as depicting ‘archaizing’ and/or ‘heroizing’ topics, that is, images drawn from a legendary past or from the myths. This scepticism has often been based on the identification of a few elements in the pictures which have traditionally been regarded as belonging to myth or to a period prior to the introduction of the phalanx. It is shown here that an examination of both these specific elements and the larger combat scenes in the light of new theories about the phalanx and the hoplite in the archaic period offer fresh grounds for analysis.

scholarly journals La verifica della significatività dell'ipotesi nulla in psicologia

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Luccio ◽  
Emilia Salvadori ◽  
Christina Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Teaching Statistics ◽  
The One

This volume addresses the problem of the verification of the null hypothesis, in recent years the subject of lively debate in the sphere of data analysis in psychological research. Over the years, a paradigm of inferential interpretation has been consolidated which is unfortunately the hybrid result of two partially incompatible approaches, attributable to R. A. Fisher on the one hand, and J. Neyman and E. Pearson on the other. This book examines the historical development of this paradigm and the problems that it continues to generate, indicating the principal modes of overcoming such inconveniences. Finally it also tackles the issue of teaching statistics to future psychologists.

Is Globalisation Yesterday’s News?

Itinerario ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
A. G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject

Globalisation is now a fashionable topic of historical research. Books and articles routinely use the term, though often in a loose manner that has yet to realise the full potential of the subject. The question arises as to whether globalisation, as currently applied by historians, is sufficiently robust to resist inevitable changes in historiographical fashion. The fact that globalisation is a process and not a single theory opens the way, not only to over-general applications of the term, but also to rich research possibilities derived in particular from other social sciences. One such prospect, which ought to be at the centre of all historians’ interests, is how to categorise the evolution of the process. This question, which has yet to stimulate the lively debate it needs, is explored here by identifying three successive phases or sequences between the eighteenth century and the present, and joining them to the history of the empires that were their principal agents. These phases, termed proto-globalisation, modern globalisation, and postcolonial globalisation provide the context for reviewing the history of the West, including the United States, and in principle of the wider world too.

THE HYAKUMANTŌ DARANI AND THE ORIGINS OF PRINTING IN EIGHTH-CENTURY JAPAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kornicki
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Point Of Reference

The origins of printing in East Asia have been the subject of lively debate over the last twenty years, and a constant point of reference has been the first recorded act of printing in Japan, which took place in the 760s. The term Hyakumantō Darani 百万塔陀羅尼 (hereafter HD) is commonly used in Japan to refer to this episode, and it denotes the Buddhist dhāraṇī or spells which are thought to have been printed in Nara and then inserted into wooden miniature pagodas, and which have for a century been regarded as the oldest printed texts in the world.1 They were printed, so the evidence suggests, in the closing years of the reign of Shōtoku 稱德 (718–770, r. 764–770), who was the last woman on the Japanese throne for nearly one thousand years and who had had an earlier reign under the name Kōken 孝謙 (r. 749–758).2In this article I shall first examine the evidence relating to the HD and the origins of printing, since the whole question has long been clouded by hypotheses masquerading as fact. Second, I shall explore the origins of the practice of producing miniature pagodas and its transmission to Japan. Third, I shall argue that the established views on the motivation for the HD are inadequate, and shall identify the factors that demand a new explanation, particularly the pagodas themselves. Finally, I turn to the ideological and political factors underlying these events and suggest a new explanation. This new explanation focuses on the politics of Shōtoku's situation and the connection with empress Wu (Wu Zetian 武則天; 624–705, r. 690–705), and it goes some way towards explaining why printing was not resorted to again in Japan for several centuries.

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