scholarly journals Treatment of spastic flat feet. H. Meyer (Arch. F. Orthop. U. Unf. Chir., 1926. Bd 24, H. 1).

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-866
Author(s):  
N. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Group ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Flat Feet

H. Meyer (Arch. F. Orthop. U. Unf.-Chir. 1926 Bd 24, H. 1). proposes to turn off the function of the peroneal muscle group for this purpose. Pronators and extensors in a spastic flat foot become overworked due to prolonged overstretching.

scholarly journals Clinical and functional outcomes of tarsal coalition resection to correct rigid flat foot

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guimarães Huyer ◽  
Mário Sérgio Paulillo Cillo ◽  
Carlos Daniel Cândido Castro Filho ◽  
Hallan Douglas Bertelli ◽  
Marcelo Morelli Girondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Tarsal Coalition ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Aofas Score ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
The Mean

Objective: This study used the AOFAS score to assess the clinical functional results of patients who underwent tarsal coalition resection. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of patients who underwent tarsal coalition resection to correct rigid flat foot. Clinical and functional assessment was performed with the AOFAS score before and 6 months after surgical treatment. Descriptive analysis was performed for 7 patients (11 operated feet) using measurements of position and dispersion (mean, standard deviation, minimum, median and maximum value) for continuous variables and frequency tables (absolute and relative) for categorical variables. Results: The mean patient age was 10 years, 7 months, and the majority (71.43%) were male. The most affected joint was the calcaneonavicular. The right side was affected in 54.55% of the cases. The most frequent type of coalition was osseous (81.82% of the cases). The mean pre- and postoperative AOFAS scores were 32.7 and 70.2 points, respectively, which was a significant increase. Conclusion: The increased scores after coalition resection was considered the main change between the two assessments. Thus, it can be concluded that in rigid flat feet without severe hind- or forefoot deformities for which conservative treatment failed, bar resection should be the surgical procedure of choice. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies; Case Series.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Structural Effect of Orthoses for Pediatric Flexible Flat Foot: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0014
Author(s):  
Jun Young Choi ◽  
Min Jin Kim ◽  
Jin Soo Suh
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Several conservative treatment methods, from intrinsic muscle exercises to orthoses, including insoles or specially designed shoes, have been introduced for pediatric flexible flat foot (PFFF). However, the structural effects of orthoses use remain unclear because the normal physiological maturation of the medial longitudinal arch cannot be ruled out. Methods: A comprehensive literature search using five databases, namely MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, the Web of Science, and EMBASE, was performed for pertinent articles published before March 30, 2018. Studies with quantitative data on the effects of the long-term use of orthoses for PFFF were included. The search strategy was adapted as appropriate for all other databases searched considering the differences in indexing terms and search syntax for each database. Results: All studies, including randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, could not prove the estimated effects of orthoses on the medial longitudinal arch. However, they revealed that flexible flat feet in young children slowly improved with growth, regardless of the type of footwear used. However, three of four studies, which were case series, revealed that positive long-term effects could be achieved using orthoses. Conclusion: There is no strong evidence that the long-term use of orthoses improved the structural problem of PFFF.

Discrete Mechanics and Optimal Control of Walking Gaits

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Koch ◽  
M. Ringkamp ◽  
S. Leyendecker
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Constrained Systems ◽  
Bipedal Walking ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Discrete Mechanics ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Heel Contact

In this work, we optimally control the upright gait of a three-dimensional symmetric bipedal walking model with flat feet. The whole walking cycle is assumed to occur during a fixed time span while the time span for each of the cycle phases is variable and part of the optimization. The implemented flat foot model allows to distinguish forefoot and heel contact such that a half walking cycle consists of five different phases. A fixed number of discrete time nodes in combination with a variable time interval length assure that the discretized problem is differentiable even though the particular time of establishing or releasing the contact between the foot and the ground is variable. Moreover, the perfectly plastic contact model prevents penetration of the ground. The optimal control problem is solved by our structure preserving discrete mechanics and optimal control for constrained systems (DMOCC) approach where the considered cost function is physiologically motivated and the obtained results are analyzed with regard to the gait of humans walking on a horizontal and an inclined plane.

The influence of foot orthoses on foot mobility magnitude and arch height index in adults with flexible flat feet

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghaye Sheykhi-Dolagh ◽  
Hassan Saeedi ◽  
Behshid Farahmand ◽  
Mojtaba Kamyab ◽  
Mohammad Kamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Dynamic Mobility ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Foot Mobility ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background:Flexible flat foot is described as a reduction in the height of the medial longitudinal arch and may occur from abnormal foot pronation. A foot orthosis is thought to modify and control excessive pronation and improve arch height.Objective:To compare the immediate effect of three types of orthoses on foot mobility and the arch height index in subjects with flexible flat feet.Study design:A quasi-experimental study.Method:The dorsal arch height, midfoot width, foot mobility and arch height index were assessed in 20 participants with flexible flat feet (mean age = 23.2 ± 3 years) for three different foot orthosis conditions: soft, semi-rigid and rigid University of California Biomechanics Laboratory (UCBL).Results:Maximum midfoot width at 90% with arch mobility in the coronal plane was shown in the semi-rigid orthosis condition. The semi-rigid orthosis resulted in the highest mean foot mobility in 90% of weight bearing, and the rigid orthosis (UCBL) had the lowest mean foot mobility. The soft orthosis resulted in foot mobility between that of the rigid and the semi-rigid orthosis. UCBL orthosis showed the highest arch height index, and the semi-rigid orthosis showed the lowest mean arch height index.Conclusion:Due to its rigid structure and long medial–lateral walls, the UCBL orthosis appears to limit foot mobility. Therefore, it is necessary to make an orthosis that facilitates foot mobility in the normal range of the foot arch. Future studies should address the dynamic mobility of the foot with using various types of foot orthoses.Clinical relevanceAlthough there are many studies focussed on flat foot and the use of foot orthoses, the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study explored foot mobility and the influence of foot orthoses and showed that a more rigid foot orthosis should be selected based on foot mobility.

scholarly journals Influence of lower leg myofascial kinematic chains on flat feet development of children 7-14 years old

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Danyschuk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Kinematic Chains ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Anthropometric Study

<p><strong>The aim of the work </strong>is to study the biomechanical properties of the myo-fascial kinematic chain "foot-shin" of children of 7-14 years old with non-fixed and clinically expressed flat-footedness.</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong>. The study involved 14 children with flat-footedness of grades I-II and 6 children with flat-foot deformity of the foot and 20 children who only had functional disorders of the foot. An anthropometric study of the foot was carried out, electrophysiological indicators of the muscles of the leg were determined, and plantograms were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>. The study found a correlation between the indicators of the anatomical and functional state of the foot and the imbalance of the frequency-amplitude indices of the ipsi and contralateral muscles within one link of the myofacial kinematic chain, may be important as one of the factors that contribute to the development of flatfoot. This is confirmed by other indicators and indicate a decrease in the height of the longitudinal arch, a decrease in the metatarsal and heel angles of the arch of the foot. Such changes have a pronounced relationship with age. The results of the work indicate that a possible cause of flattening of the vaulted apparatus of the foot is not only the weakness of its joint-ligament-muscular system, but also above the located kinematic segment - the tibia. The correlation analysis revealed the relationship between the indicators of the development of the anatomical and biomechanical components of the foot and the characteristics of the electromyographic indicators of the muscles of the leg in children 7-14 years old. As a result of a comprehensive study, it was found that during this period of ontogenesis in the formation of flatfoot such electromyographic indicators as frequency-amplitude characteristics of action potentials of motor units of the long and posterior tibial muscles, as well as their tone imbalance, take on major importance.</p><p><strong>Conclutions</strong>. Experimental studies have established that the registered changes in the articular components of the foot of children 7-14 years old lead to a change in the electromyographic parameters of the muscles of the leg, which are involved in the formation of the initial sections of myo-fascial kinematic chains.</p>

scholarly journals Association between flat foot prevalence and nutritional status in schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-91
Author(s):  
Sonja Susnjevic ◽  
Dragana Milijasevic ◽  
Dusica Maric ◽  
Olja Niciforovic-Surkovic ◽  
Vesna Mijatovic-Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

Introduction/Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between flat feet and socio-demographic factors and nutritional status in children aged 7-14 years of the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Methods. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study. The survey instrument was a questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements were done using standardized procedures. To determine the impact of socio-demographic factors and nutritional status as independent variables on the flat feet in schoolchildren as a dependent variable, a multivariate logistic regression model was implemented. A multivariate model was adjusted for age, gender, type of settlement, and material status. Results. This study included 1376 children (685 boys and 691 girls). Significant differences were observed in the frequency of flat feet between normal weight, overweight and obese (p = 0.006), where obese children were rated highest in the flat foot category. Overweight children had a 1.76 times higher chance to have a flat foot than those with normal weight (OR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.08-2.88), while obese children were 1.88 times more likely to have a flat foot than those with normal weight (OR = 1.88; 95% CI 1.14-3.11). Conclusion. The research showed that nutritional status was significantly associated with the presence of flat feet in schoolchildren. The high prevalence of flat foot and obesity in schoolchildren should be accepted as a warning sign, and many public health policies should be taken to solve these issues.

scholarly journals Paediatric flatfoot

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Ryszard Tomaszewski ◽  
◽  
Barbara Czasławska ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Radiological Evaluation ◽  
Foot Deformity ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Problem

Paediatric flat feet are a serious therapeutic problem. During the child’s development, the foot is subject to the processes of anatomical and physiological modifications. In small children, the flat foot is a physiological variant. The assessment of the flat foot deformity is based on clinical examination, a podoscope examination and possibly radiological evaluation. Only from the age of about 3 years is it possible to consider the implementation of treatment, initially conservative with rehabilitation and possibly orthotics. Some patients require treatment with analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs or physiotherapy due to the pain they experience, especially in the hindfoot. The lack of progress in conservative treatment requires consideration of surgical treatment, which must be individually adjusted. Arthroereisis, possibly combined with the elongation of the Achilles tendon, is the most commonly used treatment. In fixed deformities or congenital flat feet, corrective bone procedures are also performed, usually combined with soft tissue procedures.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of intrinsic foot muscles among flat foot and normal foot using ultrasonography_

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodai Sakamoto ◽  
Shintarou Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Abductor Digiti Minimi ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscle ◽  
Adductor Hallucis

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the morphology of the intrinsic foot muscle between typical foot and flat foot with the use ultrasound. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy participants were recruited in this study. Foot types were classified using the Foot posture index 6-item version. A total of 43 flat feet and 31 typical feet were examined. Using B-mode ultrasound imaging, the morphology of the abductor hallucis, oblique head of adductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, and flexor digitorum brevis muscles were measured. Morphology of all muscles measured was normalized by body height. The independent Student’s t-test was used to examine the differences in the thickness and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the intrinsic foot muscle among the two groups. Results: The thickness of abductor hallucis was significantly larger in flat foot group. The thickness and CSA of abductor digiti minimi and the thickness of oblique head of adductor hallucis were significantly smaller in flat foot group. Conclusions: Our results showed hypertrophied adductor hallucis, atrophied abductor digiti minimi, and atrophied oblique head of the adductor hallucis in individuals with flat feet, suggesting a possible tendency to hypertrophy in muscles that are located in a medial position and a possible tendency to atrophy in muscles that are located in a lateral position in flat feet.

scholarly journals Effects of Custom-mold Insole by Medial Heel Skive Technique on Physical Function in Flexible Flat Foot

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Bakhtiari ◽  
◽  
Mahmood Bahramizadeh ◽  
Zahra Safaeepour ◽  
Mohsen Vahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Orthotic Insoles

Objectives: Flexible Flat Foot (FFF), a common foot deformity decreasing medial longitudinal arch height is often comorbid with subtalar joint pronation causing physical activity difficulties in this population. Among the orthotic insoles prescribed for improving foot function, foot orthoses with medial heel skive technique have a limited research background. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the custom-mold insole with medial heel skive technique on physical function in FFF. Methods: Eighteen adults with FFF from the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences students and staff participated in this study. Custom-Mold insole with medial heel skive was fabricated for all research participants. Physical function in the activities of daily living and sports was assessed by the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Activities of Daily Living (ADL) subscale (ADL-FAAM), and SPORT-FAAM questionnaires at the beginning of the study and 6 weeks after. Paired Samples t-test and nonparametric tests were used to compare the collected results. Results: After 6 weeks of using the insole with medial heel skive technique, scores in both ADL and SPORTS activities were significantly improved. Discussion: Foot function improvement was not found in all of the studies assessing foot function in flat feet after using different orthotic insoles, by different questionnaires or other systems. In this study, foot and ankle function was significantly improved per FAAM questionnaire- which had highly limited use in orthotic interventions in flat feet population- using medial heel skive technique; however, further studies are required to accentuate medial heel skive technique effect on flat feet function by comparing this technique with other positive cast modifications to control the flat foot. According to the present study results, custom-mold insole with medial heel skive may improve physical function in FFF and can be prescribed in this group.

To the prevention of flat feet

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
N. Kiptenko
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Material ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
New Type

In view of the fact that the tendency to develop a flat foot is already in childhood, Vreden recommends the irrational children's shoes to replace the new type of children's shoes, in which the arch of the foot is made of elastic material that springs together with the arch in the limits that exclude the possibility of overloading it.

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