scholarly journals Implementation conditions of the soviet historical research on issues of the civil war history in Russia (1918-1922) in the second half of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Georgy Mikhailovich Ippolitov ◽  
Valery Yakovlevich Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Cult Of Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S

The Khrushchev thaw is a unique period in the history of the Soviet State. It was the Decade in which attempts have been made to at least to localize the negative impact created by the Stalinist political system functioned in the country (the so-called Stalins cult of personality). Soviet power structures and the ruling Communist Party in the country tried to clean all areas of Soviet society life including the spiritual one from its negative consequences. It also influenced the Soviet historical science. It attempts to perform historical, historiographical and source research on the principles of genuine objectivity and Historicism (though such attempts, eventually in the form of embryonic tendencies that gradually eliminated). In such a situation in historiography the study of history of the Russian civil war (November 1917-1922) was one of the priorities. The article summarises the main conditions developed in the study of the Civil War in Russia during the Khrushchev Thaw (the second half of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s.). Some of the authors ideas are debatable.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Elissa Bemporad
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
World War ◽  
Ritual Murder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Jewish Ritual

The genocidal impulses that erupted during the pogroms of the Russian Civil War (1917–21), together with the recurring claim of Jewish ritual murder and its multiple permutations, became necessary components for the events that unraveled in the so-called Bloodlands. The persistence, the permutation, andthe responses to anti-Jewish violence and memories of violence suggest that Jews (and non-Jews alike) cohabited with a legacy of blood that did not vanish. It is in fact difficult to fully grasp thedynamics of violence unleashed during World War II in the region of Eastern Europe, which comprised present-day Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia, without integrating the historical violence and memories of violence that earmarked Jews. The blood legacies played a central role in the carnage of European Jewry and made the Bloodlands likely. Under the Soviets, who from the beginning outlawed antisemitism, violence against Jews did not supersede entirely, and even when it was forbidden (like in the case of the pogroms), it was not forgotten. There is an unexplored history of antisemitism in the Soviet lands that sheds light on the complicated experience of concurrent Jewish empowerment and vulnerability in Soviet society.

‘I Fight Anyone Who Doesn’t Act as a Communist Should...’ Letter of F. A. Zemit to N.N. Krestinsky on Financial Work in Siberia. January 5, 1920.

2018 ◽  
pp. 1137-1148
Author(s):  
Dmitrii I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The One ◽  
Major Impediment

The article offers a source study of the letter of the head of the Financial Department at the Siberian Revolutionary Committee F. A. Zemit to the People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR N. N. Krestinsky. Its text analysis clears up the issue of creation of Soviet regional governing bodies in the financial–economical sphere in Siberia at the final stage of the Civil War. The published source allows to outline major impediment to restoration of the Soviet finance system in Siberia after the Civil War: shortage of financial workers, their low professional qualifications, lack of regulatory documentation for organizing activities, etc. Key methods used in the study are biographical and problematic/chronological. Biographical method allows to interpret the document and to link it with professional activities of F. A. Zemit in Omsk. The problematic/chronological method allows to trace the developments in regional finance and to understand their causes by placing them into historical framework. The letter was written by F. A. Zemit in early January 1920 – at a most difficult time in his career in Siberia. The author considers this ego-document unique and revealing in its way. On the one hand, it is an official appeal of an inferior financial manager to the head of the People's Commissariat of Finance; its content is practical and no-nonsense. On the other hand, its style indicates a warm friendly and trusting relationship between the sender and the addressee; F. A. Zemit was, apparently, able to report personally to the People's Commissar of Finance of the RSFSR on the difficult situation in the region and to do so with great frankness. This publication may be of interest to scholars in history of Russian finance, Russia Civil War, Soviet society, and Siberia of the period.

Frontiers of Visibility

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Torma
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
Cinematic Technology

This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.

The ‘Brazilian Connection’ in the History of American Linguistics

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-382
Author(s):  
Cristina Altman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

Summary When mention is made of Brazil in connection with American linguistics, it usually amounts to a reference to the Linguistic Circle of New York, where Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) and Claude Lévi-Strauss (b.1908), who had come from Brazil where he had done ethnological work, met and exchanged ideas. This singular event has cast a shadow on other contacts between Brazil and American linguistics, of which, the one between Jakobson and the Brazilian linguist Joaquim Mattoso Câmara (1904–1970) was much more consequential, at least as far as the implementation of structural linguistics in Brazil and in South America generally during the 1950s and the 1960s is concerned. Mattoso Câmara came to the United States and spent most of his time in New York City (September 1943 till April 1944), where he got exposure to Praguean type structuralism, notably through Jakobson’s lectures he attended at Columbia University and at the École Libre of New York, which had been established by European refugees at the time. He also participated in the first meetings of the Linguistic Circle of New York in 1943 as one of its co-founders. Following his return to Rio de Janeiro, Mattoso Câmara proposed, in 1949, as his doctoral thesis a phonemic description of Brazilian Portuguese. The work was published a few years later, in 1953. His most influential work, Princípios de Lingüística Gerai, first published in 1954, had two more revised and updated editions (1958, 1967) and served to introduce several generations of Brazilian as well as other South American students to structural linguistics during the 1950s and 1960s.

The Cul-de-Sac of Social Democracy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Wald
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
New York Intellectuals ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irving Howe ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S

A history of Irving Howe and Dissent magazine is used to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the social democratic alternative that became the Left wing of the New York intellectuals during the 1950s. This is followed by an examination of the life and work of Harvey Swados, which also express the ambiguities that would render this tradition problematic during the era of new radicalization in the 1960s.

scholarly journals Film and the "Other" Singaporean

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Lim
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Air Film ◽  
Second Period

COMING UP FOR AIR: FILM AND THE "OTHER" SINGAPOREAN The history of Singapore's film industry is marked by two distinct periods. The first period, which lasted from the 1950s to the 1960s, is considered the golden age of Singapore films due to the prolific outpouring of primarily Malay films produced by the local Cathay and Shaw studios. The second period, which began in the 1990s, constitutes a revival of sorts for Singapore film, and is marked by the recent spate of local productions that began with Medium Rare in 1991 and continues to the present. What is interesting about this current "resurgence" of local films is that while these films have resuscitated the previously dormant film industry in Singapore, and can, therefore, be considered a "revival," they are in fact very different kinds of films from the ones that were made during the golden age, just as the current...

scholarly journals Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE): delineamento de uma gênese histórica

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Giovani Ferreira Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
American Citizenship ◽  
History Of Special Education ◽  
De Se ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Specialized Institution

O artigo aborda como a então designada problemática do excepcional, confi gurada no começo do século XX, possibilitou, no Brasil, a emergência da primeira Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae), na década de 1950, estendendo as análises apresentadas até o começo da década de 1960, quando surgiu a Federação Nacional das Apaes. Apesar de sua longevidade e capilaridade no país, pouco se tem abordado sobre a gênese da instituição Apae, o que tem impedido de se problematizar o contexto sócio-histórico, político e cultural em que esta emergiu. Para tanto, recorreu-se às contribuições de pesquisas histórica e bibliográfica. Com os dados encontrados, pôde-se constatar que a Apae surgiu impulsionada pelos princípios do pragmatismo e do modelo liberal de cidadania estadunidenses, pautada na fi lantropia e na ótica da higidez social, bem como recebeu infl uência do trabalho de Helena Antipoff . Entre as décadas de 1950 e 1960, a instituição se ramifi cou pelo país, levando à necessidade de se criar, já em 1962, uma Federação Nacional para congregar as associações e formular diretrizes de ação, o que ampliou seu espectro de atuação e sua difusão institucional.Palavras-chave: Educação de excepcionais. História da Educação Especial. Instituição especializada. Movimento apaeano.Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE):development of a historical genesisAbstractThe article discusses how the so-called problem of the exceptional, confi gured at the beginning of the 20th century, made possible, in Brazil, the emergence of the fi rst Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae), in the 1950s, extending the analyzes presented until the beginning the 1960s, when the Federação Nacional das Apaes emerged. Despite its longevity and capillarity in the country, little has been discussed about the genesis of the Apae institution, which has prevented the problematic of the socio-historical, political and cultural context in which it emerged. To this end, we used contributions from historical and bibliographical research. With the data found, it could be seen that Apae emerged driven by the principles of pragmatism and the liberal model of American citizenship, guided by philanthropy and the perspective of social health, as well as infl uenced by the work of Helena Antipoff . Between the 1950s and 1960s, the institution branched across the country, leading to the need to create, already in 1962, a National Federation to congregate associations and formulate guidelines for action, which expanded its range of action and its institutional diffusion .Keywords: Education of exceptional. History of Special Education. Specialized institution. Apaeano movement.Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE): delineamiento de una génesis históricaResumenEl artículo analiza cómo el llamado problema de lo excepcional, configurado a principios del siglo XX, hizo posible, en Brasil, la aparición de la primera Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae), en la década de 1950, ampliando los análisis presentados hasta el comienzo. la década de 1960, cuando surgió la Federação Nacional das Apaes. A pesar de su longevidad y capilaridad en el país, poco se ha discutido sobre la génesis de la institución Apae, que ha evitado la problemática del contexto sociohistórico, político y cultural en el que surgió. Para este fin, utilizamos contribuciones de investigaciones históricas y bibliográficas. Con los datos encontrados, se pudo ver que Apae surgió impulsado por los principios del pragmatismo y el modelo liberal de ciudadanía estadounidense, guiados por la filantropía y la perspectiva de la salud social, así como influenciados por el trabajo de Helena Antipoff. Entre las décadas de 1950 y 1960, la institución se expandió por todo el país, lo que llevó a la necesidad de crear, ya en 1962, una Federación Nacional para congregar asociaciones y formular directrices para la acción, lo que amplió su rango de acción y su difusión institucional.Palabras clave: Educación de excepcionales. Historia de la Educación Especial. Institución especializada. Movimiento apaeano.

scholarly journals Украина начала XX века глазами Константина Паустов- ского

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Antoni Bortnowski
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Civil War ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The beginning of 20th century was a very complicated period in the history of the Ukrainian territories. Konstantin Paustovsky spent his youth in the southern part of the Russian Empire and could observe all the historical processes happening to his country. In his autobiography Story of a life Paustovsky presents a very interesting view of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century and during the Russian Civil War. The author of this article analyzes Paustovsky’s perception of Ukraine and tries to give an answer to the question of how a descendant of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Polish intellectuals could become a Russian patriot.

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