Earthquake Environmental Effects in Colombia during the Past 35 Years: INQUA Scale Project

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Lalinde P. ◽  
J. J. Sanchez A.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Earthquake Environmental Effects

scholarly journals Deformation pattern of the 6 and 7 April 2009, <i>M</i><sub>W</sub>=6.3 and <i>M</i><sub>W</sub>=5.6 earthquakes in L'Aquila (Central Italy) revealed by ground and space based observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Papanikolaou ◽  
M. Foumelis ◽  
I. Parcharidis ◽  
E. L. Lekkas ◽  
I. G. Fountoulis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Fault Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Surface Ruptures ◽  
Maximum Subsidence ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
Earthquake Environmental Effects

Abstract. The deformation pattern of the 6 and 7 April 2009 MW=6.3 and MW=5.6 earthquakes in L'Aquila is revealed by DInSAR analysis and compared with earthquake environmental effects. The DInSAR predicted fault surface ruptures coincide with localities where surface ruptures have been observed in the field, confirming that the ruptures observed near Paganica village are indeed primary. These ruptures are almost one order of magnitude lower than the ruptures that have been produced by other major surrounding faults in the past. These faults have not been activated during the 2009 event, but have the capacity to generate significantly stronger events. DInSAR analysis shows that 66% (or 305 km2) of the area deformed has been subsided whereas the remaining 34% (or 155 km2) has been uplifted. A footwall uplift versus hangingwall subsidence ratio of about 1/3 is extracted from the mainshock. The maximum subsidence (25 cm) was recorded about 4.5 km away from the primary surface ruptures and about 9 km away from the epicentre. In the immediate hangingwall, subsidence did not exceeded 15 cm, showing that the maximum subsidence is not recorded near the ruptured fault trace, but closer to the hangingwall centre. The deformation pattern is asymmetrical expanding significantly towards the southeast. A part of this asymmetry can be attributed to the contribution of the 7 April event in the deformation field.

Status of French Road Map to Improve Environmental Fatigue Rules

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Fatigue Curve ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Status ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Section Viii

During the past 30 years many fatigue tests and fatigue analysis improvements have been developed in France in order to improve Codified Fatigue Rules of RCC-M and ASME Codes [1, 2]. This paper will present the major technical improvements to obtain reasonable evaluation of potential fatigue damage through EDF road map. Recently new results [3] confirm possible un-conservative fatigue material data: - High cycle fatigue in air for stainless steel, - Environmental effects on fatigue S-N curve for all materials - Fatigue Crack Growth law under PWR environment for stainless steel. In front of these new results, EDF has developed a “Fatigue Road Map” to improve the different steps of Codified fatigue rules. A periodic up-dating of proposed rules in the different French Codes: RCC-M, RCC-MRx and RSE-M with research of harmonization with other Code rules developed in USA, Japan and Germany in particular, will be done on a yearly basis. During the past 15 years, many results have been obtained through fatigue tests of stainless steel materials: - mean and design fatigue curve in air, - environmental effects on fatigue curves, - plasticity effects, - bi-axial load effects, - mean stress effects, - stress indices, - transferability from small to large specimen, - weld versus base metal. In parallel, many new developments have been made in non-nuclear pressure equipment industry: like the reference stress of ASME Section VIII or the structural stress of EN 13445. These methods are mainly well adapted to fatigue pressure cycling. In front of that situation, the French nuclear code organization needs to propose reliable rules for new design and for operating plants. Different proposals are under discussion and the status of the EDF proposals are presented in the paper. The consequences could be important for the utilities because a large part of the in-service inspection program is connected to some fatigue usage factor level between 0.5 and 1.

Non-Lethal Sampling Methods for Assessing Environmental Impacts Using a Small-Bodied Sentinel Fish Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Gray ◽  
Allen R. Curry ◽  
Kelly R. Munkittrick
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slimy Sculpin ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Fisheries Act

Abstract Under the Canadian Fisheries Act, pulp and paper mills and metal mines must conduct a cyclical monitoring program for potential environmental effects that includes a fish survey. Study designs for the fish survey have been evolving over the past few years, and there has been increased emphasis on the use of small-bodied fish species. Increasing concerns about the potential impacts of sampling programs on the fish populations in smaller receiving waters have led us to develop non-lethal sampling methodologies that will satisfy the information requirements for the environmental effects monitoring program. This manuscript outlines the use of a non-lethal sampling program to collect information on age distributions, growth rates, reproductive performance and fish condition in populations of slimy sculpin inhabiting forested and agricultural sections of a small New Brunswick river.

scholarly journals New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Porfido ◽  
Giuliana Alessio ◽  
Germana Gaudiosi ◽  
Rosa Nappi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Seismic Hazards ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Esi Scale ◽  
Earthquake Environmental Effects

The application of the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) scale 2007 to moderate and strong earthquakes, in different geological context all over the word, highlights the importance of Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) for the assessment of seismic hazards. This Special Issue “New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provide a sample of the state-of-the-art in this field. Moreover the collected papers also analyze new data produced with multi-disciplinary and innovative methods essential for development of new seismic hazard models.

Fatigue of Stainless Steel Components: Toward Codified Rules Improvements

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Curve ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
The Past

During the past 30 years many fatigue tests and fatigue analysis improvements have been developed in France in order to improve Codified Fatigue Rules of French Nuclear Codes: RCC-M, RSE-M and RCC-MRx. This paper will present comments and proposals for development of these rules associated to Gaps and Needs in order to finalize and justify the AFCEN Codes new rules. Recently 3 new international R&D results confirm possible un-conservative fatigue material data: - High cycle fatigue in air for stainless steel, - Environmental effects on fatigue S-N curve for all materials, and in particular stainless steels, - Fatigue Crack Growth law under PWR environment for stainless steel. In front of these new results, AFCEN is working on a 1st set of rules based on existing knowledge: - Air fatigue curve: mean and design - PWR Environmental effects with detrimental correction factors A periodic up-dating of AFCEN proposed rules will be done using French and International R&D programs with a particular attention on harmonization with other Code rules developed in USA, Japan and Germany, in particular.

scholarly journals The August 24th 2016 Accumoli earthquake: surface faulting and Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DSGSD) in the Monte Vettore area

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Aringoli ◽  
Piero Farabollini ◽  
Marco Giacopetti ◽  
Marco Materazzi ◽  
Silvia Paggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Active Fault ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Slope Deformation ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
The Village ◽  
Earthquake Environmental Effects

<p>On August 24th 2016 a Mw=6.0 earthquake hit central Italy, with the epicenter located at the boundaries between Lazio, Marche, Abruzzi and Umbria regions, near the village of Accumoli (Rieti, Lazio). Immediately after the mainshock, this geological survey has been focused on the earthquake environmental effects related to the tectonic reactivation of the previously mapped active fault (i.e. primary), as well as secondary effects mostly related to the seismic shaking (e.g. landslides and fracturing in soil and rock).This paper brings data on superficial effects and some preliminary considerations about the interaction and possible relationship between surface faulting and the occurrence of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DSGSD) along the southern and western slope of Monte Vettore.</p>

scholarly journals Rice versus Shrimp Production in Thailand: Is There Really a Conflict?

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamrong Mekhora ◽  
Laura M.J. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shrimp Production

Shrimp farming in Thailand has had disastrous effects on the environment in the past, which has prompted a government ban on shrimp production in inland areas. However, a new low-salinity shrimp farming system has developed that seems to have fewer disease and environmental problems than previous systems but competes with rice production for land and water resources. The present study found that shrimp farming exhibits increasing returns to scale and is much more profitable than rice farming, which offers opportunities for rice farmers to improve their incomes through diversification. No evidence was found for external environmental effects of shrimp production on rice production or vice versa. A total ban on shrimp production in rice farming areas does not seem justified, although further analysis on the environmental effects of this farming system is warranted.

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