Seismic calibration using the simplex algorithm

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618-1628
Author(s):  
Lee Steck ◽  
William A. Prothero
Keyword(s):  
Response Function ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Simplex Algorithm ◽  
Complex Polynomial ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Polynomial Representation ◽  
Important Improvement ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Calibration Program ◽  
Starting Model

Abstract We have modified the software of Sauter and Dorman (1986) to produce a robust and flexible calibration program that works in the frequency domain for longer and noisy calibration signals, as well as in the time domain when shorter, high signal-to-noise calibration signals may be used. The most important improvement was to replace the least squares fitting of the complex polynomial representation of the response function with the simplex fitting of the pole-zero representation of the response function. The simplex algorithm always converges to a minimum, regardless of starting model, and by fitting the poles and zeroes directly, we minimize the degrees of freedom of the solution. Typical VAX 11/750 CPU requirements are on the order of 2 to 3 minutes for both codes, with average errors less than 1 per cent in amplitude and 1° in phase.

scholarly journals Convolution-based time-domain simulation for fluidelastic instability in tube arrays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Zhang ◽  
Ole Øiseth
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Time Domain Simulation ◽  
Unit Step ◽  
Tube Arrays ◽  
Unit Impulse ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Unit Impulse Response

AbstractA convolution-based numerical algorithm is presented for the time-domain analysis of fluidelastic instability in tube arrays, emphasizing in detail some key numerical issues involved in the time-domain simulation. The unit-step and unit-impulse response functions, as two elementary building blocks for the time-domain analysis, are interpreted systematically. An amplitude-dependent unit-step or unit-impulse response function is introduced to capture the main features of the nonlinear fluidelastic (FE) forces. Connections of these elementary functions with conventional frequency-domain unsteady FE force coefficients are discussed to facilitate the identification of model parameters. Due to the lack of a reliable method to directly identify the unit-step or unit-impulse response function, the response function is indirectly identified based on the unsteady FE force coefficients. However, the transient feature captured by the indirectly identified response function may not be consistent with the physical fluid-memory effects. A recursive function is derived for FE force simulation to reduce the computational cost of the convolution operation. Numerical examples of two tube arrays, containing both a single flexible tube and multiple flexible tubes, are provided to validate the fidelity of the time-domain simulation. It is proven that the present time-domain simulation can achieve the same level of accuracy as the frequency-domain simulation based on the unsteady FE force coefficients. The convolution-based time-domain simulation can be used to more accurately evaluate the integrity of tube arrays by considering various nonlinear effects and non-uniform flow conditions. However, the indirectly identified unit-step or unit-impulse response function may fail to capture the underlying discontinuity in the stability curve due to the prespecified expression for fluid-memory effects.

Generalized Modes in Time-Domain Seakeeping Calculations

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Johan T. Tuitman ◽  
Šime Malenica ◽  
Riaan van't Veer
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Nonlinear Load ◽  
Large Amplitude Motions ◽  
Rigid Body Modes ◽  
The Time Domain

The concept of "generalized modes" is to describe all degrees of freedom by mode shapes and not using any predefined shape, like rigid body modes. Generalized modes in seakeeping computations allow one to calculate the response of a single ship, springing, whipping, multibody interaction, etc., using a uniform approach. The generalized modes have already been used for frequency-domain seakeeping calculations by various authors. This article extents the generalized modes methodology to be used for time-domain seakeeping computations, which accounts for large-amplitude motions of the rigid-body modes. The time domain can be desirable for seakeeping computations because it is easy to include nonlinear load components and to compute transient response, like slamming and whipping. Results of multibody interaction, two barges connected by a hinge, whipping response of a ferry resulting from slamming loads, and the response of a flexible barge are presented to illustrate the theory.

Road profile measurement using the two degrees of freedom response-type mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Kavianipour ◽  
M Montazeri-Gh ◽  
M Moazamizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Response Type ◽  
Two Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Measured Profile ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Vehicle Suspension System

This paper deals with the two degrees of freedom response-type mechanism (2 DOF RTM) designed at Iran University Science and Technology. The applications of the 2 DOF RTM are to measure the longitudinal road profile and assess the vehicle suspension system. When the 2 DOF RTM is connected to a vehicle, it is able to measure the longitudinal road profile and it is capable of assessing the vehicle suspension system while it is perched upon the exciting device. The most important part of the 2 DOF RTM is its hub planned for decreasing the vehicle movement effects on the measurement. Moreover, this paper develops a novel procedure in order to convert the measured profile from the variable speed to the constant speed. To examine the 2 DOF RTM, a profile of a road is measured by the mechanism in the time-domain, and then the highly significant roughness indices such as power spectral density (PSD) of the road unevenness, international roughness index (IRI) and present serviceability index (PSI) are estimated using the measured profile.

scholarly journals Statistical Beamforming for Massive MIMO Systems with Distinct Spatial Correlations

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6255
Author(s):  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Sangjoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Channel Correlation ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Noise Ratio

In this paper, we propose a novel statistical beamforming (SBF) method called the partial-nulling-based SBF (PN-SBF) to serve a number of users that are undergoing distinct degrees of spatial channel correlations in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We consider a massive MIMO system with two user groups. The first group experiences a low spatial channel correlation, whereas the second group has a high spatial channel correlation, which can happen in massive MIMO systems that are based on fifth-generation networks. By analyzing the statistical signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, it can be observed that the statistical beamforming vector for the low-correlation group should be designed as the orthogonal complement for the space spanned by the aggregated channel covariance matrices of the high-correlation group. Meanwhile, the spatial degrees of freedom for the high-correlation group should be preserved without cancelling the interference to the low-correlation group. Accordingly, a group-common pre-beamforming matrix is applied to the low-correlation group to cancel the interference to the high-correlation group. In addition, to deal with the intra-group interference in each group, the post-beamforming vector for each group is designed in the manner of maximizing the signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio, which yields additional performance improvements for the PN-SBF. The simulation results verify that the proposed PN-SBF outperforms the conventional SBF schemes in terms of the ergodic sum rate for the massive MIMO systems with distinct spatial correlations, without the rate ceiling effect in the high signal-to-noise ratio region unlike conventional SBF schemes.

scholarly journals Interference Alignment for Cognitive Radio Communications and Networks: A Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Abdulkadir ◽  
Oluyomi Simpson ◽  
Yichuang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Interference Alignment ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Transmission Strategy

Interference alignment (IA) is an innovative wireless transmission strategy that has shown to be a promising technique for achieving optimal capacity scaling of a multiuser interference channel at asymptotically high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Transmitters exploit the availability of multiple signaling dimensions in order to align their mutual interference at the receivers. Most of the research has focused on developing algorithms for determining alignment solutions as well as proving interference alignment’s theoretical ability to achieve the maximum degrees of freedom in a wireless network. Cognitive radio, on the other hand, is a technique used to improve the utilization of the radio spectrum by opportunistically sensing and accessing unused licensed frequency spectrum, without causing harmful interference to the licensed users. With the increased deployment of wireless services, the possibility of detecting unused frequency spectrum becomes diminished. Thus, the concept of introducing interference alignment in cognitive radio has become a very attractive proposition. This paper provides a survey of the implementation of IA in cognitive radio under the main research paradigms, along with a summary and analysis of results under each system model.

Hydrodynamic Responses of a Single Hinged and Double Hinged Articulated Towers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghorai Bithin ◽  
R. Panneer Selvam ◽  
R. Sundaravadivelu
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Random Waves ◽  
Primary Position ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Primary Dimension ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Chamber Size ◽  
Tip Displacement

Numerical modelling and hydrodynamic analysis of single-hinged and double-hinged articulated tower are carried out. A single-hinged articulated tower (SHAT) is designed and modelled in AQWA and response in the time domain and frequency domain for the selected degrees of freedom has been studied. For double-hinged articulated tower (DHAT) an intermediate hinge is introduced and the response of the same is analysed. A comparative study between SHAT and DHAT response is carried out through the work. Also the influence of buoyancy chamber size on SHAT response has been investigated in the work. The entire analysis is done assuming the body is behaving rigidly. From the analysis, it is concluded that the maximum tip displacement of double-hinged articulated tower (DHAT) is increased by 40% compared to single-hinged articulated tower (SHAT) in random waves. The maximum tip displacement of double-hinged articulated tower increases by 2.3 times if the position of the intermediate hinge is raised by 5% (11 m above from the primary position). The natural frequency of SHAT increases by 22% and maximum hinge rotation by 14% if the outer diameter of buoyancy chamber is increased by 20% from primary dimension although in terms of its numerical value these are fairly small.

A viscoelastic Timoshenko shaft finite element for dynamic analysis of rotors

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2180-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smitadhi Ganguly ◽  
A Nandi ◽  
S Neogy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Beam Shape ◽  
Unit Step ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
The Time Domain

A new shaft element is proposed for viscoelastic rotors in a spinning frame considering the shear deformation in addition to bending deformation. The Maxwell–Wiechert model is considered here to replicate linear viscoelastic behavior. This model considers additional internal damping displacement variables between elastic and viscous elements and the stress depends not only on the elastic strain and elastic strain rate, but also on additional strains and their rates corresponding to the damping variables. The present work assumes that these additional strains can be derived from continuous fictitious displacement variables, which in turn are interpolated from their nodal values using the Timoshenko beam shape functions. Therefore, in addition to the standard degrees of freedom for a three-dimensional shaft, extra degrees of freedom are defined at the nodes. The finite element matrices are assembled in state space. The time domain equations are then used for stability analysis and computation of response to a unit step load and an unbalance.

Motions of Articulated Towers and Moored Floating Structures

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Chakrabarti ◽  
D. C. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Random Seas ◽  
Exciting Forces ◽  
The Time Domain

A versatile and efficient method of analysis has been developed to analyze a mooring system composed of a floating structure, e.g., a ship, mooring lines, fenders, and an articulated tower. The floating structure is assumed to be large, but may have an arbitrary shape, and the tower is assumed to be axisymmetrical. Although the program treats the floating structure and tower as a system, each body may be examined alone in the absence of the other. The analysis is carried out in the time domain assuming rigid body motion, and the solution is generated by a forward integration scheme. This approach permits nonlinear line and fender forces to be incorporated readily into the analysis. The exciting forces in the analysis are wind, current, and waves, which are not necessarily collinear. The waves can be single frequency or composed of multiple frequency components. The vessel is free to respond to the exciting forces in six degrees of freedom—surge, heave, sway, roll, pitch, and yaw. The tower is free to respond in two degrees of freedom—oscillation and precession. The analysis has been extensively verified with several different model tests for different structure configurations in regular and random seas. These include an articulated tower, a single-point mooring tanker system, a floating caisson and an inclined mooring tower.

Trajectory Prediction of Moored Vessels With Reduced Station Keeping Capability due to Exceeded Anchor Load Limits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Josten
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mooring Line ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Station Keeping ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Trajectory Prediction ◽  
The Time Domain

Abstract This paper presents the development and application of an in-house manoeuvring method for the prediction of the track of a moored vessel in the case of a temporary or total loss of station keeping capability as a result of exceeded permissible anchor loads. The described method is implemented in the in-house ship design environment E4, which already contains a method for manoeuvring simulations. The equations of motion are solved for three degrees of freedom: surge, sway and yaw. Any effects due to dynamic heel are considered quasi-statically. The method is based on a force model with components for environmental and body forces as well as propeller, rudder and steering forces for dynamic positioning applications. For the purpose of mooring system analysis an additional force component for the mooring line loads is introduced by using load-deflection curves. These curves can be calculated within E4 or imported from other sources. The resulting method allows detailed response calculations in the time-domain and can be used in various applications due to its great computational efficiency. In the presented paper the method is used for the analysis of a marine casualty due to harsh weather conditions.

scholarly journals Implementation and Validation of a Potential Model for a Moored Floating Cylinder under Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriella Gaeta ◽  
Giacomo Segurini ◽  
Adrià M. Moreno ◽  
Renata Archetti
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Domain Model ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Floating Bodies ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
The University ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Degrees Of Freedom

A three degrees-of-freedom model based on the potential flow theory was implemented to represent the motion of a slender cylindrical buoy under waves. The model calibration was performed by means of the comparison between the model results and the experiments performed at the Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering of the University of Bologna (Italy). The dynamics of the floating cylinder, placed at the mid-section of the wave flume and anchored at the bottom through a mooring system of four catenaries, were obtained through videography analysis, providing surge, heave and pitch motions. The implementation of the mathematical model consisted of two main parts: The first has been developed in the frequency domain by applying NEMOH to assess the hydrodynamic coefficients of the object, i.e., the excitation, radiation and added mass coefficients; then, the used mooring system was included in the time-domain model, solving the motion of the floating cylinder, by calibrating the mooring coefficients by comparing the results with the data. The simplicity of the implemented model is a very important feature, and it should be used as a preliminary study to understand the response of moored floating cylinders and others floating bodies under waves.

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