scholarly journals Legendagem: uma atividade na aula de japonês / Subtitling: a classroom activity of Japanese

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-81
Author(s):  
Kyoko Sekino ◽  
Sueleni Vitória Rodrigues Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Classroom Activity ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
Cognitive Environment

RESUMO: Este trabalho trata do processo de legendagem para a L1 do par linguístico japonês (L2) – português-brasileiro (L1), realizado pelos alunos de uma disciplina de língua japonesa em um curso superior em 2016. Tem por objetivo a descrição e análise do processo de legendagem, bem como a identificação dos fatores influentes e das mudanças ocorridas durante esse processo. Segundo Gutt (2004), congruente à Teoria da Relevância (SPERBER; WILSON, 1986), o tradutor assume a metarrepresentação da comunicação, entre o autor do texto original e os leitores, por criar um ambiente cognitivo diferente da primeira comunicação. Aplicando-se essa visão para a nossa legendagem, em que cada etapa do processo tem um ambiente cognitivo diferente, a depender das peculiaridades de cada instância do processo, especialmente nesse caso em que os alunos de aprendizagem de japonês realizam a legendagem. Assim, foram identificadas cinco diferentes etapas, a saber: transcrição em hiragana; “semantização” com kanji; tradução da qualidade de rascunho; refinamento de tradução e, enfim, legendagem. Identificamos, após nossa análise, alguns fatores distintos que influenciam o processo da legendagem, os quais são: discrepância na ordem das palavras entre japonês e português-brasileiro; diversidades das vozes no vídeo e familiarização da tarefa por parte dos legendistas-alunos. Os resultados evidenciam que houve casos de inversão de ordem das palavras, encurtamento e alongamento das frases e outras peculiaridades. De acordo com a postulação de Gutt, observamos que cada etapa cria um ambiente cognitivo específico; logo, o produto reflete essa mudança. Concluímos que a legendagem é um exercício profícuo para os alunos de língua japonesa, visto que há várias atividades envolvidas, as quais desenvolvem a capacidade de meta-análise.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: aula de japonês; legendagem; tradução; processo; ambiente cognitivo. ABSTRACT: This work deals with the L1 subtitling process of the linguistic pair of Japanese (L2) – Brazilian-Portuguese (L1), carried out by the students of a Japanese language course in an university in 2016. The purpose is to describe and analyse the subtitling process as well as the identification of the influencing factors and the changes that occurred during this process. According to Gutt (2004), congruent with Relevance Theory (SPERBER & WILSON, 1986), the translator assumes the meta-representation of the representation of communication between the author of the original text and the readers, creating a cognitive environment different from the first communication. Applying this vision to our subtitling process, where each stage of the process has a different cognitive environment, depending on the peculiarities of each instance of the process, especially in this case where the Japanese learners perform the subtitling. Thus, five different steps were identified: hiragana transcription; “semantization” with kanji; draft quality translation; translation refinement and, finally, subtitling. We identified, after our analysis, some distinct factors that influence the subtitling process, which are: discrepancy in word order between Japanese and Brazilian-Portuguese; diversities of voices in the video and familiarization of the task by the student-subtitlers. The results show that there were cases of word inversion, shortening and lengthening of sentences and other peculiarities. According to Gutt's postulation, we observe that each step creates a specific cognitive environment; therefore, the product reflects this change. We conclude that subtitling is an useful exercise for students of the Japanese language course, since there are several activities involved to develop the capacity of meta-analysis.KEYWORDS: japanese class; subtitling; translation; process; cognitive environment.

Practical Issues of Translated Texts Editing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25242644 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Maryna Aleksandrovych
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Copy Editor ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Units Of Measurement ◽  
Work Shifts ◽  
Basic Features

This article contains a summary of some practical issues of translated texts editing with clear examples. Copy editing of translated texts is different from copy editing of texts written in the native language, because the focus of the work shifts from how to deliver an author’s message in the most appropriate way to how to deliver author’s text, written in the native language, in another language (Ukrainian) in the most appropriate way. The first question is the versatility: does the copy editor need to know the language of the original text in order to do effective copy editing. And she/he should at least understand the basic features of the language of the original text such as phonetics, grammar and syntax. Also a copy editor should pay particular attention to such aspects as: at the lexical level – false friends, transliteration of proper nouns, excess of possessive pronouns, translation or adaptation of lexical gaps; at the syntactic level – copulative verb, word order in a sentence, contrastive stress in a phrase, address words, syntax simplification. A necessary aspect is the unification of certain elements in the translated text: address words, units of measurement (length, weight, area, time, volume, etc.), transliterated proper and common nouns. Described in this article principles of transliteration, unification, adaptation, lexical and syntactic aspects of copy editing of translated texts will help to improve the quality of translated books into Ukrainian.

Le prologue du livre de Ben Sirach le Sage et la traduction des écrits sacrés

Babel ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Bruno Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
Corpus Hermeticum

Abstract Examining the prologue to the Greek Ben Sirach, this article tries to describe how the Greek translators of religious texts perceive the difficulties and the limits of their task. Conscious of the changes resulting from the passage of one language to another, they conceive their work as inspired by God. Therefore the work translated does not appear as a simple translation mechanically done, but as a new text reflecting the conception of the inspired translator whose faith is the warrant for the quality and accuracy of the translation. Two other comments on translation are taken into account : Corpus Hermeticum XVI and the Letter of Pseudo-Aristeas on the translation of the Septuagint. The examination of these texts leads to the conclusion that ancient translators of religious writings strove to show the vision of truth as they saw it in the original text to the new audience using another language. This conception of translating will be followed by Latin translators adopting, like Hieronymus, the principle of literality for the translation of the Bible, since in the Holy Scripture even the word order is mystery, as the Father says. A comparison with the modern theory and practice of translation of religious texts is also instructive for the modern translator. It can incite him to be careful of the likelihood of changing the sense of the original he is translating. Résumé En examinant le prologue de la version grecque du livre de Ben Sirach le Sage, cet article décrit comment les traducteurs grecs de textes religieux perçoivent les difficultés et les limites de leur tâche. Conscients des changements consécutifs au passage d'une langue à l'autre, ils conçoivent leur travail comme inspiré par Dieu. Par conséquent, l'oeuvre traduite n'apparaît pas comme une simple traduction, réalisée mécaniquement, mais comme un nouveau texte reflétant la conception du traducteur inspiré. Sa foi est le garant de la qualité et de l'exactitude de la traduction. Deux autres commentaires sur la traduction sont pris en compte : Corpus Hermeticum XVI et la Lettre du Pseudo-Aristée sur la Septante. L'examen de ces textes conduit à la conclusion que les traducteurs anciencs de textes religieux se sont efforcés de montrer à un public nouveau parlant une autre langue la vision de la vérité telle qu'ils la perçoivent dans le texte original. Cette manière de concevoir la traduction sera suivie par les traducteurs latins qui adoptent, comme Jérôme, le principe de littéralité pour la traduction de la Bible, car, dans l'Écriture Sainte, meme l'ordre des mots est mystère, comme le dit le Père. Une comparaison avec la théorie et la pratique moderne de la traduction de textes sacrés peut aussi etre instructive pour le traducteur d'aujourd'hui. Elle devrait l'inciter à etre attentif à la probabilité de changer le sens de l'original qu'il traduit.

scholarly journals Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation

2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Jawaid ◽  
Daniel Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Statistical Machine Translation ◽  
Parse Tree ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
European Languages

Word-Order Issues in English-to-Urdu Statistical Machine Translation We investigate phrase-based statistical machine translation between English and Urdu, two Indo-European languages that differ significantly in their word-order preferences. Reordering of words and phrases is thus a necessary part of the translation process. While local reordering is modeled nicely by phrase-based systems, long-distance reordering is known to be a hard problem. We perform experiments using the Moses SMT system and discuss reordering models available in Moses. We then present our novel, Urdu-aware, yet generalizable approach based on reordering phrases in syntactic parse tree of the source English sentence. Our technique significantly improves quality of English-Urdu translation with Moses, both in terms of BLEU score and of subjective human judgments.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH PROSE INTO UKRAINIAN (ON THE BASIS OF THE COLM TOIBIN’S NOVEL ‘HOUSE OF NAMES’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Iryna Dumchak ◽  
Sofiia Shemerliuk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
English Prose

The article deals with the peculiarities of transformations in the process of translation of English prose into Ukrainian. Despite the large number of works covering this issue, the problem of translating prose texts is not dismissed. There is a need to systematize and study the types of lexical and grammatical transformations, used in translating literary texts, in practice. To observe the process of formation of inter-language transformations, the novel by an Irish writer Colm Toibin ‘House of Names’ has been chosen. The various scientists’ approaches to establishing the transformation types are analyzed. It is revealed that due to differences in the syntactic, grammatical and morphological structures of the English and Ukrainian languages, lexical and grammatical transformations are widely used in translation. Lexical transformations are the deviations from direct vocabulary matches. The lexical transformations are mainly caused by the fact that the volume of the lexical units of the original language and the language of translation do not coincide. Among lexical transformations, the most common are generalization, concretization, compensation, lexical additions. Grammatical transformations are to transform the structure of a sentence in the translation process according to the rules of the source language. The transformation can be complete or partial depending on whether the structure of the sentence changes completely or partially. The article presents the examples of the grammatical transformations of inversion, replacement, addition and omission comparing the original text and its translation.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KOTOWARI HYOUGEN ANTARA PEMBELAJAR BAHASA JEPANG DAN PENUTUR ASLI

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novia Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Unpleasant Feeling ◽  
Japanese Learners

 Abstrak Analisis Kontrastif Kotowari Hyougen  antara Pembelajar Bahasa Jepang dan Penutur Asli. Di antara beberapa aktifitas berbahasa, tindakan menolak sering dianggap sebagai tindakan yang cukup sulit karena memberikan perasaan tidak menyenangkan terhadap lawan tutur. Tindak tutur menolak tidak terlepas dari latar belakang tindak tutur berbahasa oleh pengguna bahasa tersebut. Pembelajar yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Sunda memiliki kemiripan dengan penutur asli dalam membuat tindak tutur penolakan dikarenakan adanya kedekatan aturan undak usuk bahasa sunda dengan tainguu hyougen dalam bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ungkapan penolakan yang digunakan oleh pembelajar bahasa Jepang kemudian melalui perbandingan dengan penutur asli diketahui persamaan dan perbedaanya serta permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan oleh pembelajar. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Hasil analisis data menunjukan terdapat persamaan diantara pembelajar dan penutur asli dalam pengguna {wabi} terhadap dosen akrab (penggunanya lebih rendah). Sebagai permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan yakni pembelajar menggunakan {fuka} dalam bentuk futsuu no hiteikei, dan {koshou} dalam frekuensi yang cukup tinggi. Sebaliknya, penutur asli menggunakan fukanoukei, dikarenakan apabila menggunakan futsuu no hiteikei akan diterima sebagai arti penolakan yang kuat/keras.Kata kunci: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Taiguu hyougen, penutur asli, konstraktif  Abstract Contrastive Analysis of Kotowari Hyougen between Learners of Japanese Language and Japanese Native Speakers. Among several speaking activities, action of refusal is often considered a difficult act as it gives an unpleasant feeling againts interlocutors. Refusal speech act cannot be separated from the background of the speech act by the user of the language. Learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese language has similarities with Japanese native speakers in making the speech act of refusal due to the proximity of the undak usuk in Sundanese with tainguu hyougen in Japanese. This study aims to determine the expressions of refusal used by Japanese learners then, through comparison with native speakers, to determine the similarities, differences and problems in the expression of rejection by the learners. The instrument used in this study is Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Form the analysis of the data it was found that there were similarities between learners and native speakers that {riyuu/iiwake}, {wabi}, {fuka} were used as the main semantic formula. There are similarities between learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese and native speakers in using language {wabi} to professors considered familiar (lower usage). The problem of expressions of refusal used by learners {fuka} in the form Futsuu fuka no hiteikei and {koshou} was in a fairly high frequency. In contrast, native speakers use fukanoukei, because using Futsuu no hiteikei will be considered as a strong/hard sense of refusal.Keywords: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Tainguu hyougen

scholarly journals Possessive Construction in Russian and Indonesian Noun Phrases: Contrastive Analysis and Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Tri Yulianty Karyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
Translation Analysis ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
National Corpus

This paper aims to discuss the comparison between possessive constructions in Russian and Indonesian noun phrases. Since both of the languages have different grammatical systems, their possessive constructions may also be different. The differences are discussed using a contrastive analysis approach. However, the similarities between them are also taken into consideration following one of the practical purposes of contrastive analysis, namely, to aid the translation process. The theory employed in this research is eclectic. The research method employed in this research is descriptive method with contrastive analysis model. In addition, for translation analysis, word-for-word and literal methods are used here. The data in this research are collected from the Russian National Corpus and some selected literary works in Russian and Indonesian. The result suggests that there are some structural differences and similarities between Russian and Indonesian in terms of word order, attributive categories, and grammatical categories of the elements constituting noun phrases. The results of this comparison can be referred to in the translation of possessive construction of both languages so that the closest equivalent is found following the rules of each language. 

scholarly journals Blog sebagai Media Pembelajaran Mengarang Bahasa Jepang

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Arianty Visiaty
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Language ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
Japanese Learners

<p><em>Abstrak</em> – <strong>Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi pembelajar bahasa Jepang di Indonesia adalah kurangnya kesempatan untuk berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Jepang. Salah satu media belajar untuk mengatasi hal ini adalah Blog. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada manfaat dan kendala penggunaan blog dalam pembelajaran mengarang bahasa Jepang. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, 1) Manfaat dari penggunaan blog dalam pembelajaran mengarang bahasa Jepang, terdiri dari 4 kategori, yaitu manfaat yang terkait dengan pengetahuan bahasa, isi blog, komentar, serta kerjasama antar pembelajar, 2) kendala yang dihadapi pembelajar pada kegiatan blog, terdiri dari 9 kategori, yaitu kendala yang terkait dengan pengetahuan bahasa, teknologi dan jaringan, tema, komentar, waktu, koreksi, isi blog, dan kepercayaan diri.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong>: <em>Blog, Pelajar Jepang di Indonesia</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract</em> – <strong>One of the problems faced by Japanese leaners is opportunity to communicate using Japanese Language. This study focuses on benefits and problems faced by learners during blog writing activities. The results of this study are as mentioned below. There are four categories of benefits on writing blog in Japanese. Those benefits are related to Japanese language knowledge, blog content, comment activities, and leaners collaboration. Therefore, there are eight categories of problems on writing blog in Japanese. Those problems are problems that related to Japanese language knowledge, blog technology and network, blog topics, comment activities, time, blog correction, blog content, and self-confidence. </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> –<em> Blog, Indonesian Japanese Learners</em></p>

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESALAHAN PENULISAN GAIRAIGO PADA MAHASISWA TK.I S.D IV PEMOKUSAN PADA GAIRAIGO BAHASA INGGRIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Septian Eka Pratama ◽  
Herniwati Herniwati ◽  
Renariah Renariah
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Unfamiliar Word ◽  
Japanese Student ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
Writing Errors

AbstrakPenelitian yang diberi judul “Analisis Kesalahan Penulisan Gairaigo pada Mahasiswa TK.I s.d TK.IV Pemokusan Pada Gairaigo Bahasa Inggris” bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi dalam penulisan katakana yang terjadi pada mahasiswa. Dalam kosakata bahasa jepang ada yang disebut Gairaigo yaitu kata serapan yang digunakan dalam bahasa jepang. Kata serapan dalam bahasa jepang dewasa ini hampir 80 persen menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan menunjukan mahasiwa asih mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis gairaigo dalam huruf katakana. Maka faktor – faktor yang dianggap mempengaruhi mahasiswa dalam penulisan katakana adalah: (1) Tingkat di jurusan , (2) Level JLPT, (3) Apakah kata gairaigo tersebut familiar (4) Apakah ada ciri khas pelafalan, (5) Panjang pendeknya suatu kata. Dari hasil analisis tidak pengaruh antara lamanya belajar dan kemampuan bahasa jepang dengan menulis kata gairaigo. Mahasiswa kesulitan pada kata yang kurang familiar dan terdapat bunyi panjang atau chouon pada kosakata gairaigo. Dengan demikian sering melihat atau menggunakan kosakata itu dan apakah ada kekhasan pelafalan pada sebuah kata gairaigo memiliki pengaruh yang kuat. Kata Kunci :Katakana, Gairaigo, Kesalahan penulisan  AbstractThis research “An Analysis on Focusing Katakana English Loanwords Writing Errors of Japanese Student in Indonesia University of Education” has purpose to find many factors in loanword writing error.  Gairaigo means loanwords in Japanese language are almost 80 percent from English. Many scholars pointed about Katakana Loanword writing rules. Many facts the Japanese loanwords are difficult for beginner Japanese foreigner learner. To get know why writing katakana words is hard. Ou said that he found that many Chinese native Japanese learners have many difficulties about Japanese Loanwords. The loanwords from American or Europe languages seem hard to recognize by Chinese Japanese learners even French Japanese learners. There are some reasons, but one of them is the differences of pronunciation from the origin words I tried to find one of numerous factors about that. Many factor related on this research such as JLPT, grade in college, characteristic of its loanwords, familiar and non-familiar words etc. One of the factors was found is about the characteristic about the Japanese loanword itself. The other is japanese system long vowel –toned in unfamiliar word by students. Keyword : Effectiveness, Strategy Quick On The Draw, Vocabulary

Translation of strategic ambiguity: A relevance-theoretic analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheed S. Al-Jarrah ◽  
Ahmad M. Abu-Dalu ◽  
Hisham Obiedat
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Ambiguity Resolution ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Strategic Ambiguity ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Departure

AbstractThe purpose of our current research is to see how Relevance Theory can handle one specific translation problem, namely strategic ambiguous structures. Concisely, we aim to provide a conceptual framework as to how the translator should cope with a pervasive ambiguity problem at the discoursal level. The point of departure from probably all previous models of analysis is that a relevance-theoretic analysis would, we believe, require that a “good” translation benotthe one that representsan interpretationof the text, but the one which leaves the door open for all interpretations which the original text provides evidence for. Hence,the role of translator is not to ‘interpret’ but to ‘translate’. If this is true, ambiguity resolution should not be a viable alternative. In other words, what the translator should do is empower the audience with all it takes to let them work out all the explicatures (linguistically inferred meanings) and entertain themselves with the implicatures (contextually inferred meanings) of the original. Direct Translation, along the lines laid down by Gutt (1991/2000), is the method of translation which can, we believe, bring about the desired results because “it tries to provide readers with contextual information that enables them to draw their own inferences” (Smith 2000: 92).

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