scholarly journals Os corpos no espaço: confrontação ao simulacro democrático e resistência à estetização da política

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Polyana Pereira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The World ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
World Class ◽  
Political Praxis ◽  
The 1960S

Resumo: O ano de 2016 iniciou-se, no Brasil, num quadro de “instabilidade política”, termo usado pela grande mídia para referir-se às disputas pelo poder político que vinham ocorrendo desde 2013, quando irromperam no cenário brasileiro manifestações populares de grandes proporções. Desde a chegada do século XXI, uma mudança no quadro da mobilização popular marcou o desenvolvimento da luta de classes mundial. Embora difusas e aparentemente desconectadas, as diversas mobilizações que ocorreram em diversos continentes, retomaram a centralidade do espaço urbano enquanto palco da práxis política. No Brasil, as discussões sobre o espaço urbano adquiriram relevância ao final da década de 1960, quando a urbanização ampliou-se exponencialmente. Desde então o espaço urbano está em crise: marcado pelos muros, pelos conflitos, pela violência e pela disputa espacial na qual a aliança entre classe dominante e o Estado tem vencido sempre. Contudo, novas experiências insurgentes têm demonstrado que é possível construir espaços de resistência frente ao avanço do capital. As ocupações escolares demonstram como o desgaste com as péssimas condições de vida nas cidades podem levar à efervescência da luta por direitos. Nesse sentido, buscou-se investigar as insurgências que se utilizam da desobediência civil e da ocupação do espaço como estratégia de luta contra os projetos de dominação da consciência e da colonização do saber. As mobilizações que ressurgiram no Brasil a partir de 2013 demonstraram que é possível reconfigurar a luta urbana e reativar a esfera de discussão dos movimentos sociais, da juventude e dos excluídos fortalecendo a construção de projetos contra-hegemônicos.Palavras-chave: Espaço urbano; insurgência; desobediência civil; ocupações escolares.Abstract: The year 2016 began in Brazil in a context of “political instability”, a term used by the mainstream media to refer to the disputes over political power that has been taking place since 2013, when popular manifestations of large proportions erupted in the Brazilian scene. Since the turn of the 21st century, a shift in popular mobilization has marked the development of the world class struggle. Although diffuse and apparently disconnected, the various mobilizations that took place in several continents, have returned to the centrality of the urban space as a stage of political praxis. In Brazil, discussions about urban space became relevant at the end of the 1960s, when urbanization expanded exponentially. Since then the urban space is in crisis: marked by walls, conflicts, violence and the space dispute in which the alliance between the ruling class and the state has always won. However, new insurgent experiences have shown that it is possible to build spaces of resistance against the advance of capital. School occupations demonstrate how the wear and tear of poor living conditions in cities can lead to the effervescence of the struggle for rights. In this sense, we sought to investigate the insurgencies that use civil disobedience and the occupation of space as a strategy to fight against projects of domination of consciousness and colonization of knowledge. The mobilizations that have resurged in Brazil since 2013 have shown that it is possible to reconfigure the urban struggle and reactivate the sphere of discussion of social movements, youth and the excluded, strengthening the construction of counter-hegemonic projects.Keywords: urban space; insurgency; civil disobedience; occupations.

Orwell and Nineteen Eighty-Four Today: Genius and Tunnel Vision

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Darko Suvin
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Professional Service ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Communist Manifesto ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
The World ◽  
Raymond Williams

Abstract Orwell, as he himself remarked, came from a lower, professional-service fraction of the English and imperial ruling class that was ‘simultaneously dominator and dominated’ (Raymond Williams), so that a combination of state and monopoly power became his abiding nightmare. His horizon was, as of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, a revolutionary socialism committed to freedom and equality, opposed both to Labourite social democracy and to Stalinist pseudo-communism. In this article, I concentrate on Nineteen Eighty-Four, drawing on narratology (its agential system, spacetime descriptions, and composition – ‘the Winston story’, the ‘Goldstein excerpts’, and the Appendix on Newspeak) and history. I conclude that Nineteen Eighty-Four has an interesting, but limited, ‘Tory anarchist’ stance and horizon: in revolt against the rulers, but not believing that the revolt can succeed (in direct polemic with the Communist Manifesto). In Orwell’s view there are ‘three kinds of people in the world, the High, the Middle and the Low’, but the mindless and passive Low reduce this to the Middle against the High, or intellect and impotence versus cynical power. ‘No economics’ entails here ‘no class struggle’, and a fair amount of misogyny. Orwell’s textural skill was penetrating, but his thematics very limited. Still, he was one of the first to notice the long-duration slide of politics toward fascism, even if he drew a mistaken consequence from it, as evident in his early conflation of Stalinism and Nazism into an untenable ‘totalitarianism’. Nineteen Eighty-Four remains a concerned, appealing, and in some ways useful text, albeit one that ultimately lacks wisdom.

scholarly journals Observation, speculation, spectacle: visual culture(s) at the observation deck, 1968-2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philipp Röding
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Experience Economy ◽  
Economic Paradigm ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

The project investigates how economic paradigm shifts that occur at the beginning of the 1970s (primarily the abandonment of the gold standard and the endlessly increasing pool of capital awaiting investment that succeeded it) led to the emergence of a unique building type: the high-altitude observation deck. Part investment vehicle, part iteration of an ongoing fascination with the view from above, the project presents the observation deck as the point where three distinct paradigms intersect: observation, speculation and spectacle. Tracing the emergence of the observation deck through a series of case studies (Top of the World atop the World Trade Center (NYC), One World Observatory (NYC), The Tulip (London) the project enriches its interdisciplinary approach with archival research and fieldwork. Re-telling the complicated collaboration between architect Warren Platner and graphic designer Milton Glaser at the end of the 1960s, the project lays out how the observation deck is conceived at a time when the perceived “crisis” of New York results in a rapidly accelerating neoliberalization of urban space. An avatar of this emerging ideology the observation deck is heavily invested in making the city visually comprehensible. Incorporating a sort of neoliberalist geometry, the deck transforms the city into a product to be consumed instead of a reality to live in and thus paves the way for other ventures of what has been called the “experience economy.” Thus, it signals the ongoing shift away from an architecture that possesses any use value, towards one that, as Barthes put it with regards to Eiffel Tower, is centered only on viewing and being viewed. A speculative machine, the observation deck renders the city into a product.

Rule by difference: Empire, liberalism, and the legacies of urban “improvement”

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ranganathan
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Difference ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
The World ◽  
World Class ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
European Form

From Victorian England and its colonies, to cities in South Asia today, “improvement” has long infused the language of urban planning. Through the case of Bangalore, India, this article argues that urban improvement should be understood as a project of liberal government forged in the crucible of empire and harnessed in the service of the state’s capital and spatial accumulation strategies. Once practiced by colonial planners, urban improvement fundamentally entails enhancing the value of urban space and its circulatory infrastructures through the mobilization of corrective behaviors related to property and propriety. In the process, improvement grafts race, class, caste, and other forms of social difference onto urban space, which in turn provides the justification for further improvement. Ultimately, improvement begets cycles of inequality and exclusion, even while it promises betterment and inclusion. Three improvement regimes are identified here: racialized improvement in the colonial city (1890s–1920s), classed improvement in the industrial city (1930s–1970s), and marketized improvement in the world-class city (1980s–2010s). The article further shows that with each wave of urban improvement came vernacular and nationalist responses that sought to extend housing and services to unserved constituents. These indigenous calibrations are as important to the genealogy of improvement as its original European form.

scholarly journals Adorno’s politics

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 867-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Freyenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Student Movement ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Praxis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Practical Implications

Theodor W. Adorno inspired much of Germany’s 1960s student movement, but he came increasingly into conflict with this movement about the practical implications of his critical theory. Others – including his friend and colleague Herbert Marcuse – also accused Adorno of a quietism that is politically objectionable and in contradiction with his own theory. In this article, I reconstruct, and partially defend, Adorno’s views on theory and (political) praxis in Germany’s 1960s in 11 theses. His often attacked and maligned stance during the 1960s is based on his analysis of these historical circumstances. Put provocatively, his stance consists in the view that people in the 1960s have tried to change the world, in various ways; the point – at that time – was to interpret it.

Mobile Perception and the Automotive Prosthetic

Transfers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charissa N. Terranova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Conceptual Art ◽  
Robert Smithson ◽  
Martha Rosler ◽  
The World ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Linguistics

This essay focuses on a body of photoconceptual works from the 1960s and 1970s in which the automobile functions as a prosthetic-like aperture through which to view the world in motion. I argue that the logic of the “automotive prosthetic“ in works by Paul McCarthy, Dennis Hopper, Ed Ruscha, Jeff Wall, John Baldessari, Richard Prince, Martha Rosler, Robert Smithson, Ed Kienholz, Julian Opie, and Cory Arcangel reveals a techno-genetic understanding of conceptual art, functioning in addition and alternatively to semiotics and various philosophies of language usually associated with conceptual art. These artworks show how the automobile, movement on roads and highways, and the automotive landscape of urban sprawl have transformed the human sensorium. I surmise that the car has become a prosthetic of the human body and is a technological force in the maieusis of the posthuman subject. I offer a reading of specific works of photoconceptual art based on experience, perception, and a posthumanist subjectivity in contrast to solely understanding them according to semiotics and linguistics.

The Moral Context of the Prohibition of Riba in Islam Revisited

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-517
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Banking Systems ◽  
Moral Context ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

The prohibition of riba (interest) in Islam has been a hotly discussedissue among contemporary Muslims since the 1960s. Since rihd is perceivedby a considerable number of Muslims to be bank interest, andalmost all banking systems in the world, including those of the Muslimworld, are based on interest, many Muslims are concerned whether it islawful. For those who regard bank interest as rihd, any increase in a loantransaction over and above the principal is rihd because it involves anincrease over and above the principal. They contend that the fiqhi interpretationof riba is the interpretation and must be followed. For otherMuslims, the prohibition of riba is related closely to the “exploitation” ofthe needy and poor by the relatively well-off, an element that, for them,may or may not exist in modem bank interest. These Muslims have arguedthat the fiqhi interpretation given to riha is inadequate and does not takeinto consideration the moral emphasis associated with the prohibition.This paper looks at a) the overall context of the Qur’anic prohibitionof rihd; b) how the term is used in the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and in thefiqhlliterature; and c) the lack of moral emphasis in the current debate.Riba and the Qur’an: The Context of ProhibitionThe Qur’an’s condemnation and ultimate prohibition of riba was precededby its condemnation of several other morally unacceptable forms ofbehavior toward the socially and economically weaker strata of theMakkan community. From the very beginning of the Prophet’s mission, ...

Ups and Downs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

Despite the dumbing-down of education in recent years, it would be unusual to find a ten-year-old who could not name the major continents on a map of the world. Yet how many adults have the faintest idea of the structures that exist within the Earth? Understandably, knowledge is limited by the fact that the Earth’s interior is less accessible than the surface of Pluto, mapped in 2016 by the NASA New Horizons spacecraft. Indeed, Pluto, 7.5 billion kilometres from Earth, was discovered six years earlier than the similar-sized inner core of our planet. Fortunately, modern seismic techniques enable us to image the mantle right down to the core, while laboratory experiments simulating the pressures and temperatures at great depth, combined with computer modelling of mantle convection, help identify its mineral and chemical composition. The results are providing the most rapid advances in our understanding of how this planet works since the great revolution of the 1960s.

Christian Radicalism and the Enactment of Secular Theology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Brewitt-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Secular Theology ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Student Christian Movement ◽  
Christian Leaders ◽  
The Church

This chapter outlines three examples of how secular theology was put into practice in the 1960s: Nick Stacey’s innovations in the parish of Woolwich; the radicalization of the ‘Parish and People’ organization; and the radicalization of Britain’s Student Christian Movement, which during the 1950s was the largest student religious organization in the country. The chapter argues that secular theology contained an inherent dynamic of ever-increasing radicalization, which irresistibly propelled its adherents from the ecclesiastical radicalism of the early 1960s to the more secular Christian radicalism of the late 1960s. Secular theology promised that the reunification of the church and the world would produce nothing less than the transformative healing of society. As the 1960s went on, this vision pushed radical Christian leaders to sacrifice more and more of their ecclesiastical culture as they pursued their goal of social transformation.

Becoming the World's Biggest Brewer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bertrams ◽  
Julien Del Marmol ◽  
Sander Geerts ◽  
Eline Poelmans
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
National Market ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Global Company ◽  
Insight Into

AB InBev is today’s uncontested world leader of the beer market. It represents over 20 per cent of global beer sales, with more than 450 million hectolitres a year flowing all around the world. Its Belgian predecessor, Interbrew, was a success story stemming from the 1971 secret merger of the country’s two leading brewers: Artois and Piedboeuf. Based on first-hand material originating from company and private archives as well as interviews with managers and key family actors, this is the first study to explore the history of the company through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The story starts in the mid-nineteenth century with the scientific breakthroughs that revolutionized the beer industry and allowed both Artois and Piedboeuf to prosper in a local environment. Instrumental in this respect were the respective families and their successive heirs in stabilizing and developing their firms. Despite the intense difficulties of two world wars in the decades to follow, they emerged stronger than ever and through the 1960s became undisputed leaders in the national market. Then, in an unprecedented move, Artois and Piedboeuf secretly merged their shareholding in 1971, though keeping their operations separate until 1987 when they openly and operationally merged to become Interbrew. Throughout their histories Artois, Piedboeuf, and their successor companies have kept a controlling family ownership. This book provides a unique insight into both the complex history of these three family breweries and their path to becoming a prominent global company, and the growth and consolidation of the beer market through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The Historiography of Environmental History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the emergence of environmental history, which developed in the context of the environmental concerns that began in the 1960s with worries about local industrial pollution, but which has since evolved into a full-scale global crisis of climate change. Environmental history is ‘the history of the relationship between human societies and the rest of nature’. It includes three chief areas of inquiry: the study of material environmental history, political and policy-related environmental history, and a form of environmental history which concerns what humans have thought, believed, written, and more rarely, painted, sculpted, sung, or danced that deals with the relationship between society and nature. Since 1980, environmental history has come to flourish in many corners of the world, and scholars everywhere have found models, approaches, and perspectives rather different from those developed for the US context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document