The impact of effective unemployment insurance on labour market risk and long-term inequality

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
The Impact

Thinking about the Production and Consumption of Long-term Care in Britain: Does Gender Still Matter?

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLARE UNGERSON
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This article suggests that the literature on care, which originally was heavily influenced by a gendered perspective, has now taken on other important variables. However, it is argued that if we look at the particular impact of the marketisation and privatisation of long-term care, we can see that gender is still a useful perspective on the production of care, especially paid care. The reordering of the delivery of domiciliary care within the ‘mixed economy of welfare’ is having important effects on the labour market for care and is likely to lead to further inequalities between women, both now and in old age. The article proceeds to look at the impact of these inequalities on the consumption of care in old age, particularly by elderly women and considers factors that may provide women with the resources to purchase care and/or pay charges for care. The article argues that gender does still matter, but that its impact has to be understood within a context of growing inequalities between women, and an analysis that takes account of wider social and economic relations within kin networks and between generations.

The New Homeownership: The Impact of Labour Market Developments on Attitudes toward Owning Your Own Home

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Doling ◽  
J Ford
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
The Impact

During the postwar period as a whole homeownership in Britain has been generally considered to be a desirable form of tenure. For many observers the present, since 1989, downturn in the market—characterised by high levels of arrears, stagnant or falling prices, negative equity, and so on—is a temporary blip from which sooner or later the enthusiasm for owning will recover. In the first part of this paper we analyse the British Social Attitudes Surveys for 1989 and 1991 in order to identify which groups in the population have most reduced their support for owning. The main conclusions are that the largest reduction has been amongst those groups who were already most marginal to the tenure and can be related to experiences in and expectations of the future of the economy as well as to specific, rather than general, characteristics of the tenure. In the second part of the paper we suggest that the basis of these attitudinal changes is to be found in the changing nature of work in Britain with there being a contradiction between the long-term commitment of ownership as it is currently organised and the insecurities of the labour market.

Occupational Segregation and Youth Employment

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dominant Influence

The aim of the paper is to assess the impact of changes in occupational structure on the level and composition of youth employment. Substantial occupational segrega tion of youth employment persists, suggesting the existence of identifiable 'youth jobs' and 'adult jobs'. When a shift and share approach is applied to changes in the levels of youth employment over the 1971-81 period, changing youth shares of employment within occupations are found to be a dominant influence on youth employment levels. This suggests the importance of competitive factors in the labour market and is consistent with existing research. There is also evidence that occupa tional segregation and changes in occupational structure have had an important influence on the employment of youth. These will probably continue to be impor tant, given continuing long-term growth in service sector occupations, and the decline in trades and prodtrction process worker occupations. The former trend will work to the advantage of young females, who are concentrated in these growth occupations, while the latter will act as a constraint on the employment of young males, particularly 15 to 20-year-olds.

Falling euro-area unemployment masks EU disparities

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Term Labour

Subject Long-term labour market trends. Significance Since the second half of 2013, the euro-area economy has undergone a cyclical upturn in GDP growth which has prompted a steady decline in unemployment. However, unemployment rates in several countries remain well above pre-crisis levels and labour market disparities have widened across the bloc. Impacts Disparities will contribute to making common EU unemployment insurance very unlikely in the foreseeable future. Persistent high unemployment rates could fuel Euroscepticism and dissatisfaction with the political establishment, as seen in Italy. High youth unemployment in several member states is likely to encourage emigration.

scholarly journals The impact of having a child with special needs: Labour market adaptations of immigrant and majority mothers

2020 ◽  
pp. 000169932097169
Author(s):  
Liza Reisel ◽  
Marjan Nadim ◽  
Idunn Brekke
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Market Consequences ◽  
The Impact

This article compares how having a child with special needs shapes the labour market adaptations of immigrant and majority mothers. We use longitudinal data from Norwegian public registers including all women who gave birth between 2001 and 2005 ( N = 104,988), and follow the mothers from two years before birth to four years after birth. We find generally large differences in employment and income among immigrant and majority mothers. Majority mothers typically adapt to the intensified care responsibilities associated with having a child with special needs by working somewhat less, but most importantly by combining work with high levels of long-term sickness absence. By contrast, immigrant mothers substantially reduce their work intensity (as measured through labour earnings) after childbirth regardless of whether their child has special needs. Among immigrant mothers whose child has special needs, we do not find elevated sickness absence levels comparable to that of majority mothers. Given the already reduced work intensity among immigrant mothers in the years following the birth of their child, we do not find additional labour market consequences of intensified care responsibilities within this group of mothers.

scholarly journals Long-term Labour Market and Economic Consequences of School Exclusions in England: Evidence from Two Counterfactual Approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Eliel Madia ◽  
Ingrid Obsuth ◽  
Harry Daniels ◽  
Ian Thompson ◽  
Aja Louise Murray
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Exclusion ◽  
Steps Survey ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Background. Previous research suggests that school exclusion during childhood is a precursor to social exclusion in adulthood. Past literature on the consequences of school exclusion is, however, scarce and mainly focused on short term outcomes such as educational attainment, delinquency, and mental health in early adolescence. Moreover, this evidence is based primarily on descriptive and correlational analysis, whereas robust causal evidence is required to best inform policy.Aims. We aimed to estimate the mid-to-long-term impact of school exclusion on labour market and economic outcomes.Sample. The sample included 6632 young people who at the age of 25/26 in the year 2015 participated in the Next Steps survey of whom 86 were expelled from school and 711 were suspended between the ages of 13/14 and 16/17.Method. Using high quality existing longitudinal data, we utilised four approaches to evaluate the impact of school exclusion: logistic regression-adjustment models, propensity score matching, school fixed-effects analysis, and inverse propensity weighting. The latter two counterfactual approaches were used to estimate causal effects.Results. We found that school exclusion increased the risk of becoming NEET at the age of 19/20, and then remaining economically inactive at the age of 25/26, as well as experiencing higher unemployment risk and earning lower wages also at the age of 25/26.Conclusion. School exclusion has pervasive negative effects into adulthood. Policy interventions should focus on both prevention and mitigating its negative effects. Interventions aimed at re-integrating excluded individuals into education or vocational training could be key in reducing the risk of poor socio-economic outcomes and social exclusion.

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