scholarly journals Crianças de Anos Iniciais Levantando Espaços Amostrais: Relações Entre Pensamentos Combinatório e Probabilístico

Author(s):  
Rute E. S. Rosa Borba

Estudos em Educação Matemática têm apontado conhecimentos que crianças de anos iniciais já possuem e suas dificuldades com alguns conceitos em particular. Nesse texto são discutidos quatro argumentos. 1) Crianças em início de escolarização já possuem conhecimentos básicos de alguns conceitos mais complexos, tais como os associados à Probabilidade e à Combinatória. 2) Em situações de jogo, com uso de recursos adequados e por meio de estratégias próprias, as crianças evidenciam noções sobre aleatoriedade, independência de eventos e equiprobabilidade, bem como demonstram compreensão de situações combinatórias variadas – produtos cartesianos, arranjos, combinações e permutações. 3) Trabalhar de modo articulado com a Probabilidade e a Combinatória – por meio do levantamento de espaços amostrais, por exemplo – constitui-se um modo eficiente  de integrar conhecimentos matemáticos diversos. 4)Por demandarem formas mais complexas de pensamento, recomenda-se que se inicie cedo o estímulo ao desenvolvimento dos raciocínios combinatório e probabilístico. Esses argumentos são aqui discutidos a partir de resultados de pesquisas e são apontadas implicações para o ensino escolar.Palavras-chave: Crianças. Anos Iniciais. Espaços Amostrais. Raciocínios Combinatório e Probabilístico.AbstractStudies in Mathematics Education have pointed out knowledge that children in initial studying already have and their difficulties with some concepts in particular. In this text four arguments are discussed. 1) Children in initial schooling already have basic knowledge of some more complex concepts, such as those associated with Probability and Combinatorics. 2) In game situations, using appropriate resources and through their own strategies, children show notions about randomness, independence of events and equiprobability, as well as demonstrate understanding of varied combinatorial situations – Cartesian products, arrangements, combinations and permutations. 3) Working in an articulated way with Probability and Combinatorial – by means of raising sample spaces, for example – is an efficient way to integrate diverse mathematical knowledge. 4) Because they require more complex forms of thinking, it is recommended that the stimulus to the development of combinatorial and probabilistic reasoning be initiated early. These arguments are discussed from research results and implications for school teaching will be pointed out.Keywords: Children. Initial Schooling. Sample Spaces. Combinatorial and Probabilistic Reasoning.

Author(s):  
Dubravka Glasnović Gracin

AbstractA mathematics textbook can be described as an officially authorized and pedagogically designed mathematics book written to provide mathematical knowledge to students. This description suggests the authority of the textbook - because it has been authorized by an administrative source and because it deals with authorized knowledge. This paper provides an overview of research on mathematics textbooks. The emphasis is on questions concerning the extent to which and how textbooks are used in mathematics education in Croatia and in the world.Research results show that mathematics textbooks are widely used in mathematics education worldwide. This finding points to the need for research on the content and structure of textbooks. Such studies are combined with the associated results on how textbooks are used in the classroom and which methods teachers apply in using textbooks in mathematics education. The results of the empirical studies show that teachers use textbooks for lesson preparation and pupils use mathematics textbooks for exercises to a great extent. These results imply that such an important role of textbooks in mathematics education deserves additional attention, with the goal of understanding and improving mathematics education.Key words: mathematics education; overview; research on textbook---SažetakMatematički udžbenik može se opisati kao službeno autorizirana i pedagoki osmiljena matematička knjiga napisana s ciljem da učenicima ponudi matematičke sadržaje. Taj opis sugerira autoritet udžbenika jer ga je autorizirao administrativni izvor i jer sadrži autorizirano znanje. Ovaj članak daje pregled istraživanja matematičkih udžbenika, a naglasak je na pitanjima u kojoj mjeri i kako se udžbenici koriste u nastavi matematike u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu.Rezultati raznih istraživanja pokazuju da se udžbenici u velikoj mjeri koriste u nastavi matematike irom svijeta. Taj nalaz ukazuje na potrebu za istraživanjem sadržaja i strukture matematičkih udžbenika. Uz to, prikazani su rezultati istraživanja o tome na koji se način udžbenici koriste u razredu i koje metode nastavnici prakticiraju prilikom upotrebe udžbenika na nastavi. Rezultati empirijskih studija pokazuju da nastavnici udžbenike većinom koriste za pripremu nastavnog sata, a učenici udžbenike koriste u najvećoj mjeri za vježbanje. Ti rezultati ukazuju na to da tako važna uloga udžbenika u matematičkom obrazovanju zaslužuje dodatnu pažnju s ciljem razumijevanja i poboljanja nastave matematike.Ključne riječi: istraživanje udžbenika; nastava matematike; pregled.


Author(s):  
Samer Habre

Abstract This study conducted at the Lebanese American University in spring 2018 reports on an inquiry-oriented differential equations class where the course curriculum falls within the realm of Realistic Mathematics Education. The focus of the study is on some curriculum tasks and how they assist students reinvent successfully key mathematical notions covered in most introductory differential equations courses. While the results show remarkable cognitive gains in understanding and thinking, reinventing knowledge was demanding and in some cases required the intervention of the instructor to control and lead the discussion. Results also show that the lack of appropriate mathematical knowledge was sometimes an obstacle for the reinvention process, and the traditional view of mathematical learning a hindrance for accepting that an inquiry-oriented approach can fulfil the course outcomes.


1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Donald J. Dessart

One of the major task facing the Research Advisory Committee (RAC) is to serve the needs of two groups: researchers in mathematics education, who are primarily concerned with understanding the learning process: and practitioners (teachers, supervisors. principals), who are mainly concerned with finding more effective ways to teach children. Researchers, guided by their intuitions, study problems and often obtain results that are not directly applicable to the classroom situation: practitioners, on the other hand. actively pursue better ways to educate children in the classroom. To insist that researchers should address themselves only to the immediate problems of the classroom seems to be an unwise course of action, since the history of science includes many discoveries that had useful applications years, or even centuries, after their di scovery. Yet for researchers to ignore the need of the classroom may lead to sterile research results that only collect dust in the darkened corners of a library.


1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Apple

Although NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) and Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics (1991) are generating considerable interest, there has been little discussion of their ideological and social grounding and effects. By placing the Standards within the growing conservative movement in education, this paper raises a number of crucial issues about the documents, including the depth of the financial crisis in education and its economic and ideological genesis and results; the nature of inequality in schools; the role of mathematical knowledge in our economy in maintaining these inequalities; the possibilities and limitations of a mathematics curriculum that is more grounded in students' experiences; and the complicated realities of teachers' lives. Without a deeper understanding of these issues, the Standards will be used in ways that largely lend support only to the conservative agenda for educational reform.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayten Pınar Bal

This study was done to determine the changes in belief of pre-service elementary teachers towards mathematics in mathematics education course and to address the effect of this change on gender and academic success variables. The study was designed according to the panel study model of longitudinal research method. 92 pre-services who are educating in primary school teaching department of a state university in 2013-2014 academic years formed the sample of research. As data collection tool “Mathematics Belief Scale” that was developed by Steiner (2007) and its reliability, validity and language equivalency in Turkish form that was done by Masal and Takunyacı (2012), was used. In analyzing of data paired samples t-test and for repeated measures two way ANOVA techniques were used. At the end of research, positive change was observed in beliefs of pre-service teachers towards mathematics within the process; also it was found that gender and academic success variables have no effect on beliefs of pre-services towards mathematics. Keywords: Pre-service elementary school, belief , mathematics belief scale, mathematics education


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Mowat ◽  
Brent Davis

Working from the premise that mathematics knowledge can be described as a complex unity, we develop the suggestion that network theory provides a useful frame for informing understandings of disciplinary knowledge and content learning for schooling. Specifically, we use network theory to analyze associations among mathematical concepts, focusing on their embodied nature and their reliance on metaphor. After describing some of the basic suppositions, we examine the structure of the network of metaphors that underlies embodied mathematics, the dynamics of this network, and the effect of these dynamics on mathematical understanding. Finally, implications for classroom teaching and curriculum are discussed. We conjecture that it is both instructive and important to use the network structure of mathematical knowledge to shed light on both cognition in mathematics and on mathematics education.


Author(s):  
Lutfi Incikabi ◽  
Mehmet Koray Serin ◽  
Semahat Incikabi

The flipped classroom is a rotational model in which students move between teacher-faced practices in the classroom during the standard school day and out-of-school teaching they receive online for the related concepts. In recent years, with the proliferation of technology-supported education, flipped classroom practices have been used more in mathematics classrooms, and gained the attention of mathematics education researchers. This attention also triggered the studies examining the trends of flipped classroom practices on mathematics education. This chapter introduces the theoretical underpinnings of the flipped classroom and provides a recent literature review of the studies on flipped classrooms in mathematics education from various dimensions. Accordingly, several results obtained from the analyses as well as potential issues for future research are proposed in this book chapter.


1968 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
J. N. Kapur

Editor's Note.—The Mathematics Teacher (India) is a new journal in mathematics education directed mainly at secondary school teaching. With the September October 1966 issue it began its third year of publication.


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