Experimental Research on the Similarity of Rime Icing on a Cylinder Rotating around Its Horizontal Axis

Ice accumulation on the blade of a wind turbine surface seriously threatens the operational safety of the turbine; therefore, the research on this problem is very important. In this paper, a new similarity criterion of icing shape for a rotational model was proposed based on the similarity criterion for translational motion models in the aviation field, and experimental studies on the similarity of the rotational model icing were carried out. To validate the similarity criterion, icing wind tunnel tests were carried out with aluminum cylinders with diameters of 40 mm and 20 mm. Key parameters for the experiment, such as wind speed, temperature, liquid water content, medium volume diameter, and test time, were selected based on the criterion. All the icing tests were carried out in a new self-designed icing wind tunnel test system based on natural low-temperature conditions. The icing shapes observed in the tests were confirmed after many repetitions. To quantitatively analyze the similarity between different sizes of ice shapes, a dimensionless method for evaluating the similarity of ice shapes of different sizes was defined based on the typical characteristics of ice shapes. The research results show that the similarity score between two sizes of ice shapes under different test conditions is 81%~90%. The accuracy and applicability of the icing shape similarity criterion were thus validated. The research results in this paper lay a theoretical and experimental foundation for exploring the icing shape similarity of a rotating model.

ADÈS AND SONATA FORMS

Despite an ever-expanding body of literature on Adès's engagement with the music of the past, his use of traditional formal models has attracted little critical comment. That which does exist privileges the relatively straightforward surface articulation of his musical forms over more nuanced accounts. In the case of Adès's sonata forms, this has had at least two consequences for our understanding of his music: first, that too strong an emphasis on syntactical groupings occludes what is happening discursively in the music; and second, that ‘textbook’ models are not the only formal tradition with which Adès's sonata forms engage. Rather, his sonatas bear traces of a rotational model that recalls the examples of Janáček and Sibelius. This article considers how Adès's sonata forms can be constituted not as neo-classical prefabrications but, a posteriori, as a practice that emerges across his career – from the Chamber Symphony and …but all shall be well to the Piano Quintet and Concerto for Piano and Orchestra – from an interaction between traditional syntactical groupings, thematic procedures and tonal plots.

PP30 The Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire as a measure of advanced paramedic practitioner satisfaction with a three part rotational model of working

BackgroundWelsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust (WAST) and Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board (BCUHB) were jointly awarded Welsh Government Pacesetter funding to assess the viability of a rotational approach to the delivery of care. The three part rotation incorporates the WAST Clinical Contact Centre, solo responding and shifts in BCUHB primary care settings. Nine WAST Advanced Paramedic Practitioners (APPs) started their rotation in north Wales in June 2019, a further eight joined in September 2020. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) was one of a number of data collection items undertaken as part of a service evaluation to evaluate the impact of this Pacesetter project.MethodsAPP Satisfaction was measured using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), a standardised tool designed to measure an employee’s satisfaction with work and aspects of the workplace environment. It comprises a 100-item questionnaire, with each question aligned to one of 20 scales. The MSQ was completed by the first cohort of APPs nine months into their rotation, and by the second Cohort in their third month. APPs were asked to consider all aspects of the rotation.ResultsOverall, both cohorts demonstrated a high level of satisfaction, in particular questions associated with intrinsic satisfaction scored better than ones linked to extrinsic satisfaction. For both Cohorts, Social Service, Working Conditions and Activity were all in the top five scoring scales. Whereas, Authority and Supervision (Human Relations) were lower scoring scales for both Cohorts.The individual raw scores were slightly higher for Cohort II than I. Cohort II also demonstrated a wider range in standard deviation scores across the scales.ConclusionThe MSQ is a simple yet effective measure of assessing workplace satisfaction. For the current Cohorts of Pacesetter APPs, scores indicated a high level of satisfaction across all aspects of the rotation.

Perturbation analysis of the two-to-one internal resonance of planetary gear trains

In this study, the two-to-one internal resonance between the first two rotational modes of planetary gear trains (PGTs) is investigated. A purely rotational model is applied considering mesh stiffness variations, tooth separations, and tooth profile modifications (TPMs). Semi-analytical solutions for the internal resonance case are obtained using the method of multiple scales (MMS). The solution equations indicate that the mesh stiffness variations and tooth separations are the main factors causing internal resonance. A validation of the MMS was performed by numerical integration (NI). The results from an example analysis indicate that there exists an internal resonance phenomenon in the case of ωN+2 ≈ ω2, where ω2 and ωN+2 are the natural frequencies associated with the rotational modes, and N is the number of planet gears. Internal resonance in PGTs causes chaos, and part of the energy is transmitted from the ring gear to the sun gear through shocks. Proper TPMs that eliminate the tooth separations could suppress the internal resonance. The internal resonance, in turn, affects the optimal areas of the TPM magnitudes.

Flipping the Mathematics Instruction

The flipped classroom is a rotational model in which students move between teacher-faced practices in the classroom during the standard school day and out-of-school teaching they receive online for the related concepts. In recent years, with the proliferation of technology-supported education, flipped classroom practices have been used more in mathematics classrooms, and gained the attention of mathematics education researchers. This attention also triggered the studies examining the trends of flipped classroom practices on mathematics education. This chapter introduces the theoretical underpinnings of the flipped classroom and provides a recent literature review of the studies on flipped classrooms in mathematics education from various dimensions. Accordingly, several results obtained from the analyses as well as potential issues for future research are proposed in this book chapter.

Modelling of the analytical development of the Gothic future tense form

The purpose of this article is to give the model, which demonstrates the development of the Future tense forms in the Gothic language. The initial stage of modelling the Future tense development includes the description of components according to their constituent features. It gives the possibility of tracing the gradual analytisation of corresponding grammatical form, and finding out latent features, which are characteristic for differentiated grammatical forms creating and building the set of Germanic future tense formal structures. The subject of the investigation are peculiarities of formation mechanism of temporal verb forms for projecting the action into the future. To describe the future action the Gothic language used forms of the Present tense involving phrase or upper phrase context. Within the Present tense forms a prefixal word formation model was found. The Greek future tense was translated involving prefixal and present forms in the Gothic language. The Gothic optative was involved to render the future tense. The present tense forms gain future meaning under the influence of aspect-tense specificity, which is recognized as futurelizing factor. Functions of the aspect-tense specificity may be performed with phrase or upper phrase context and syntactical structures with definitely represented semantics. Distinguished present tense constructions create the primary pivot, which is a basis for further development of the Gothic future tense forms. Gothic analytical structures with participle or infinitive were formed involving inchoative, strong, preterite present verbs. These structures are recognized as compound verbal predicates. Analytical structures cover the pivot creating coaxial cylinders. The whole model may be recognized as divergent-rotational because representing the Gothic future tense forms model itself "moves" along the temporal axis. Multilevel model structure demonstrates the fact that analytical forms are changeable in the gravitation. The comparison of divergent-rotational model components and peculiarities of their arrangement indicates and the caudal development of the Future tense forms in the Gothic language. Tendencies found and distinguished as initial, primary in the Gothic language happen in the process of development of the Old Germanic languages. These tendencies are reflected in the Modern Germanic languages, too.

PP35 Evaluation of a rotational model of advanced paramedic practice in north wales: a logic model approach to demonstrate effectiveness

BackgroundUK Ambulance Services are under pressure to retain paramedics as diverse career options become increasingly available throughout the NHS for this valuable group of staff. Rotational working is one means of providing a varied clinical portfolio with the aim of sustaining an ambulance service based career over a longer work-span. Prior to implementing a test of an Advanced Paramedic Practitioner (APP) focussed three-part model of rotation which included Primary Care, Clinical Contact Centre and Solo Responding, an effective evaluation framework was required.MethodsThe aims of the project were refined during initial team planning and a project workshop which articulated the conditions for success. The theory of change was subsequently developed through a team-based facilitated session culminating in the development of a driver diagram. Due to the predominantly linear nature of the project and design, a Logic Model approach was selected to then map and construct the detailed evaluations required for each of the key areas identified.ResultsSeven individual elements for evaluation were identified through this design process. These comprised of four core areas including the impact of the rotation on Patients, Primary Care, The APPs and Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust which would be managed by the project team. In addition, the framework identified elements suitable for external evaluation which consisted of the economic evaluation, a deeper exploration of patient experiences and project effectiveness. External evaluation would test the validity of the overall approach to the project by the internal team and stakeholders. The derived Logic Models were designed to enable formative and summative evaluation throughout the opening phase of the rotation.ConclusionsUsing this approach, the project team have constructed a robust, but testable model of evaluation, with the flexibility to map changes as the evaluation yields specific learning points about the project.

PP33 A service evaluation of the experiences of specialist paramedics working in rotational environments using a retrospective cohort

BackgroundThe number of ambulance service-employed paramedic practitioners moving to work in primary care is increasing. Several Health Education England-supported pilot rotational programmes are underway. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of nine paramedic practitioners in one ambulance service their first year of working on a similar local commissioner-led rotational project (segment one GP home visiting [GPHV], segment two ambulance service solo response vehicle [SRV] and emergency operations control room [EOC] whose aim was to mitigate attrition rates for both the ambulance service and primary care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study, using electronic anonymous, self-completion, mixed methods questionnaires administered seven times – pre-project, at the end of each rotation, and at the end of the first year of the rotational project. Descriptive statistics of closed questions on challenges, influence over practice, skills used, satisfaction and likelihood of leaving were conducted, and thematic analysis of the open responses conducted.ResultsThe survey response rate was 100% pre-project, 62.2% (n=28/45) over five rotations (n=15 after GPHV and n=13 after SRV/EOC] and 100% at end year one. Reported challenges included inappropriate utilisation of skills (33% GPHV, 55% SRV/EOC) and poor work life balance (27% GPHV), while opportunities were identified as clinical autonomy, collaboration with other healthcare professionals and clinical development (67%, 60%, 33% GPHV; 54%, 69%, 62% SRV/EOC, respectively). Satisfaction was 67% at year one, attributed to support and development from peers, GPs and immediate managers. Likelihood of leaving was reported to be decreased.ConclusionAlthough small in scale, in one locality and only quantitatively descriptive this study has identified that a rotational model contributes to clinically developing and retaining PPs, and offers PPs’ views on why that is. Findings support the rotational model, though further research with a larger sample across regions and/or greater qualitative depth is required.

105Tc nuclear structure and systematic evolution of states of 1/2+[431] intruder band in odd-A 95, 97,99,101,103,105,107Tc isotopes

Previously observed negative and positive parity states of ¹⁰⁵Tc were studied in the framework of particle-rotor model. Transition properties and experimental energies were compared to the predictions of the model calculations. A systematic study of the evolution of the intruder π1/2+[413] band in the nuclear structure of odd-A Technetium isotopes ^{95,97,99,101,103,105,107}Tc is presented as well. The existence of this intruder band has been argued previously in ^{95,97,99,101,103}Tc isotopes (partially populated) and fully observed and confirmed in ¹⁰⁵Tc. It will be shown that changes in deformation and subsequently the position of Fermi level vis a vis the 1/2+[431] intruder orbital originating from the π (d_5/2, g_7/2) subshells predominantly affect these systematic changes. All four interpreted experimental rotational bands are naturally predicted by the rotational model as bands build on states of good Ω originating from 5/2+[422], 5/2-[303], 3/2-[301] and 1/2+[431] orbitals near the Fermi level in deformed ¹⁰⁵Tc (strong coupling). Further experimental investigation about missing data is needed for those observed low lying states in both ¹⁰⁵Tc and ¹⁰³Tc in order to confirm the presence of the 1/2-[301] rotational band that is well defined in lighter ^95,97,99,101Tc isotopes.