scholarly journals Monitoring of Pests and Diseases of the Dendroflora of the Southwest Administrative District of Moscow

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
X.V. Eremenko ◽  
◽  
V.M. Zubkova ◽  
T.G. Pugacheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
As Species ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
High Degree

the data of monitoring of tree stands of the Southwest Administrative District of Moscow for 2019–2020 are presented. Typical plant diseases and damage, as well as species resistant to diseases and pests, were identified. The plants were found to be highly affected by farinaceous food and marginal necrosis, as well as a high degree of damage by leaf beetles insects, and leafhoppers.

scholarly journals Arthropod Pests, Plant Diseases and Abiotic Disorders and their Management on Viburnum Species in the Southeastern U.S.: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
William E. Klingeman ◽  
Sarah A. White ◽  
Anthony LeBude ◽  
Amy Fulcher ◽  
Nicole Ward Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Industry Professionals

The genus Viburnum encompasses a group of about 150 species of evergreen, semi-evergreen or deciduous trees and large shrubs. Viburnums are native to temperate, subtropical and tropical areas of southeastern Asia, eastern North America, Central America, the Caribbean and parts of South America. Native and nonnative Viburnum species have become prominent landscape plants in the southeastern United States due to their beauty, utility, relative ease of maintenance and broad adaptability to the region's climate and soils. Efficient management of viburnum pests to maintain healthy viburnum plants in nurseries and landscape settings is crucial for sustaining the economic competitiveness and profitability of green industry professionals competing in the horticulture marketplace. Diversity of species within the genus, however, is vast, and can contribute to many host-pest complexes that differ among growing environments and cause severe economic or aesthetic losses. Additionally, some abiotic disorders may mimic biotic damage or may render viburnum more susceptible to pests and diseases. This review focuses on viburnum culture in production and landscape settings with an emphasis on major insect and mite pests, plant diseases and abiotic disorders affecting management of Viburnum species in nursery and landscape settings.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO CONTAINING RB GENE ON THE SOIL MICROBES, PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eny Ida Riyanti ◽  
Edy Listanto ◽  
Alberta Dinar Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is an important disease on potato.  Several potato hybrids have been generated by crossing local varieties (Atlantic and Granola) with Katahdin SP951 which contains late blight resistance gene RB.  Prior to release, these hybrids need to be evaluated for their environ-mental effects on non-target organisms and natural pests and diseases. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of LBR potato hybrids on beneficial soil microbes, pests and diseases. The trial was conducted in the confined field trial (CFT) in Lembang, West Java. The parental non-transgenic (NT) clones (Granola, Atlantic and Katahdin) and LBR hybrids (four clones of Atlantic x Katahdin SP951 hybrids; 10 clones of Granola x Katahdin SP951) were planted at a plant spacing of 30 cm x 70 cm. Fungicide applications were used as treat-ments (no spray, five and twenty times sprays). The experi-ment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The parameters determined were popula-tions of N2 fixing and P solubilizing bacteria, soil C/N ratio as well as natural pests and diseases. The results showed that the transgenic LBR potato hybrids did not have negative effect on N fixing bacteria. The bacterial populations were around 1010-11 cells g-1 soil before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 months after planting (MAP) and 108 cells after harvest. For P- solubilizing bacteria, their populations were 1010 cells before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 MAP and 1011 cells g-1  soil after harvest. The soil C/N ratio of the transgenic plot was not statistically different compared to non-transgenic plot, i.e. 12-15 before planting, 10-11 at 1.5 MAP, and 10 after harvest in non-spray plot. Pests and diseases such as Alternaria solani, Liriomyza, potato tubber moth, aphid and mites on the transgenic and non-transgenic plots were statistically not different. The resistance score for A. solani was 7.2 (parental tansgenic) and 7.6 (parental non-transgenic); for Liriomyza it was 2.07 (parental transgenic) and 2.32 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), the PTM was 0.63 (parental transgenic) and 0.73 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), aphid and mites were 0.75 (parental transgenic) and 1.68 insects per plant (parental non-transgenic). The study indicated that LBR potato hybrids did not have any negative impacts on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Manifestation of tip burn on white cabbage hybrids of medium-late and late maturation

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
S. V. Koroleva ◽  
N. B. Shulyak
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
High Degree

Relevance. The most complex and common physiological disease on the cabbage is a tip burn, associated with impaired Ca2 + transport inside the plant. Of all the ways to control this physiological disease, the most effective is the cultivation of tolerant hybrids. Material and methods.The aim of the research was to evaluate the mid-late and late ripening F1 hybrids of white cabbage for a tip burn and to determine the degree of hybrids responsiveness to calcium deficiency depending on weather conditions. The studies were carried out at breeding and experimental plot of the vegetable growing department at All-Russian Rice Research Institute in 2017-2019 on drip irrigation. Material - hybrid combinations of ARRRI breeding.Results. The manifestation of a physiological disturbance called “burn of the top of the inner leaves of the cabbage head” or “tip burn” on individual hybrids was observed during all years of cultivation, but to a different degree; The greatest damage to the heads was recorded in the years (2017 and 2019) with high productivity, which is due to the intensive assimilation ability against the background of warm sunny weather. In 2019, the manifestation of burns was noted in 25% of hybrids, which allowed them to be divided into 4 groups, depending on the degree of damage and the spread of the disease.It was established that hybrids with overmature standing for 2.5-3 weeks and also hybrids that were promptly removed at the time of mass technical ripeness had a high degree of damage. The lines that are most often found in hybrid combinations with signs of burns (269-824, Agr1321, 269Jas13, Byum112, Yas25, etc.) were identified, but it is rather difficult to assume the nature of inheritance, and, therefore, to develop the principle of pair selection when developing relatively stable hybrids also not yet possible.

scholarly journals Landscape epidemiology of plant diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 963-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Plantegenest ◽  
Christophe Le May ◽  
Frédéric Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Landscape Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Landscape Epidemiology ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Inoculum Pressure

Many agricultural landscapes are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and fragmentation. Landscape ecology focuses on the influence of habitat heterogeneity in space and time on ecological processes. Landscape epidemiology aims at applying concepts and approaches originating from landscape ecology to the study of pathogen dynamics at the landscape scale. However, despite the strong influence that the landscape properties may have on the spread of plant diseases, landscape epidemiology has still received little attention from plant pathologists. Some recent methodological and technological progress provides new and powerful tools to describe and analyse the spatial patterns of host–pathogen interactions. Here, we review some important topics in plant pathology that may benefit from a landscape perspective. These include the influence of: landscape composition on the global inoculum pressure; landscape heterogeneity on pathogen dynamics; landscape structure on pathogen dispersal; and landscape properties on the emergence of pathogens and on their evolution.

scholarly journals Change of the flowering pattern as a formula of success in pea breeding aimed at increasing the early ripeness and the yielding capacity of peas

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
V. A. Ushakov ◽  
I. P. Kotlyar ◽  
I. M. Kaygorodova ◽  
E. P. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Green Pea ◽  
Single Plant Selection ◽  
Canned Vegetables ◽  
High Degree

Relevance. Most of the pea varieties used in the production of canned vegetables have similar morphological structure of the stalk: shortened internodes, their limited number and location in the upper part of the stalk. The deficiency of such plant architectonics is the limitation of yielding capacity in relation to small number of yielding nodes, yielding capacity instability, and high degree of affliction by plant diseases. The production of pea varieties having an increased number of yielding nodes will allow changing the relation between the nonproductive and reproductive parts to the advantage of the latter.Methods. The pea varieties from the collection of bean cultures laboratories of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center were used as the research varieties. The main method of work was intervarietal hybridization with subsequent single plant selection. In 2018-2019 the selected lines were seeded in a nursery with an area of 7 m2 . The forms with changed flowering pattern (Pervenets, Ranniy 28-11, Wenson) and the most yielding early and midseason varieties (Dakota, Ranniy Gribovsky 11, Voronezhsky Zelyony, Korsar, Orus, Viola, Zelyonaya Strela, Quartella) were used as parent components. The selection was performed on the basis of the following features: changed flowering pattern, the number of yielding nodes, the number of legumes on a node, as well as the length of a bean and the number of seeds in a legume. A finometer was used for the determination of the green pea hardness.Results. Sample 50-4-19 having a relatively low number of yielding nodes (6, 9) had the highest characteristics and was considerably superior to all the other samples by its yielding capacity during the first and the second harvesting periods (7.24 and 9.55 tons per hectare). The selection of the early forms with the changed flowering pattern and the shift of the attraction centre to the 2nd or to the 3rd node allow carrying out breeding aimed at increasing the early ripeness and the yielding capacity of peas. 

scholarly journals Management of Pests, Plant Diseases and Abiotic Disorders of Magnolia Species in the Southeastern United States: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Knox ◽  
William E. Klingeman ◽  
Mathews Paret ◽  
Amy Fulcher
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Species Introductions ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
The Caribbean

The genus, Magnolia, encompasses a group of about 240 species of evergreen or deciduous trees and large shrubs. Magnolias are native to temperate, subtropical and tropical areas of southeastern Asia, eastern North America, Central America, the Caribbean and parts of South America. Native and nonnative Magnolia species have become prominent landscape plants in the southeastern U.S. due to their beauty, utility, relative ease of maintenance and broad adaptability to the region's climate and soils. Species introductions, breeding and selection programs over the last 50 years have produced superior selections with improved flowering, new flower colors and ornamental foliage and buds often featuring brown, copper or gold indumentum. Magnolia health and pest management is sometimes overlooked in both landscape and production settings because magnolia is considered to have relatively few pest and disease problems. Some abiotic disorders may mimic biotic damage or may render magnolia more susceptible to pests and diseases. When they occur, abiotic disorders, pests or diseases on magnolia can cause significant economic or aesthetic losses. This review focuses on magnolia culture in production and landscape settings with an emphasis on major pests, plant diseases and abiotic disorders affecting management of Magnolia species.

scholarly journals Fusarium Wilt Management in Legume Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Sampaio ◽  
Susana de Sousa Araújo ◽  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
Maria Carlota Vaz Patto
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Animal Consumption

Legumes are among the most important crops worldwide for human and animal consumption. However, yield inconsistency due to susceptibility to pests and diseases strongly affects its production. Among diseases affecting legumes, Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. (Fo) is one of the major factors limiting production worldwide. This disease can cause total losses in highly infested fields of some legume species. To minimize yield losses, integrated disease management strategies combining different agronomic practices with the use of resistant varieties should be applied. Although often characterized by a high degree of host specificity, with formae speciales (ff. spp.) and races identified, some Fo ff. spp. can have a broader host range, infecting more than one species, requiring further investigation. In this review, we describe the state of the art on legume Fusarium wilt management achievements, highlighting different aspects such as the use of rhizosphere microbiota as biocontrol agents, crop rotation and the use of resistant varieties. The different methods of identification and characterization of resistance sources, mechanisms as well as the genetic basis of resistance or the development of molecular tools to support legume precision breeding for Fo resistance are discussed.

scholarly journals A review of risk prioritisation schemes of pathogens, pests and weeds: principles and practices

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HEIKKILÄ
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Geographical Locations

Society’s resources are scarce, and biosecurity actions need to be targeted and prioritised. Various models have been developed that prioritise and rank pests and diseases according to the risks they represent. A prioritisation model allows utilisation of scientific, ecological and economic information in decision-making related to biological hazards. This study discusses such models and the properties associated with them based on a review of 78 prioritisation studies. The scope of the models includes all aspects of biosecurity (human, animal and plant diseases, and invasive alien species), but with an emphasis on plant health. The geographical locations of the studies are primarily North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Half of the studies were conducted during the past five years. The review finds that there generally seems to be several prioritisation models, especially in the case of invasive plants, but only a select few models are used extensively. Impacts are often accounted for in the model, but the extent and economic sophistication of their inclusion varies. Treatment of uncertainty and feasibility of control was lacking from many studies.;

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PROGRAM SISTEM INFORMASI PENANGGULANGAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN BAGI PENYULUH PERTANIAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuf Wahyudi ◽  
Herlina ◽  
Hesti Nur'aini
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Mitigation Techniques ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
Program Information

Extension of plant pests and diseases and tackling has been done by the trainers during the many difficulties and obstacles because of the location and the diversity of the problems faced. The limitations of distance and knowledge of the extension in their duties greatly affect the productivity results. To assist the government in resolving the issue, the need for a computer program information system that can be accessed in the location extension. The program should be able to address various issues of plant pests and diseases as well as mitigation. Program in accordance with the specific needs of course to be built specifically Similarly, in this case the program is made by using the BASIC programming language that has a lot of ability in terms of process automation and published in several editions (versions) according to the development of information of pests and plant diseases as well as mitigation. Techniques used in the preparation of the information systems program using the concept of Waterfalls Sommerville (2001: 45). Methods of data collection related to plant pests and diseases and tackling done by search and literature. The research result obtained is an application program that is easy to administer instructor and has been tested in the presence of pests at random extension. The test results were obtained, that the program has been good and it can be applied but need continued improvement to the development of pest control and plant diseases.Keywords:  hama, penyakit, tanaman, sistem informasi

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF LATE BLIGHT RESISTANT POTATO CONTAINING RB GENE ON THE SOIL MICROBES, PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Eny Ida Riyanti ◽  
Edy Listanto ◽  
Alberta Dinar Ambarwati
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Negative Effect

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is an important disease on potato.  Several potato hybrids have been generated by crossing local varieties (Atlantic and Granola) with Katahdin SP951 which contains late blight resistance gene RB.  Prior to release, these hybrids need to be evaluated for their environ-mental effects on non-target organisms and natural pests and diseases. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of LBR potato hybrids on beneficial soil microbes, pests and diseases. The trial was conducted in the confined field trial (CFT) in Lembang, West Java. The parental non-transgenic (NT) clones (Granola, Atlantic and Katahdin) and LBR hybrids (four clones of Atlantic x Katahdin SP951 hybrids; 10 clones of Granola x Katahdin SP951) were planted at a plant spacing of 30 cm x 70 cm. Fungicide applications were used as treat-ments (no spray, five and twenty times sprays). The experi-ment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. The parameters determined were popula-tions of N2 fixing and P solubilizing bacteria, soil C/N ratio as well as natural pests and diseases. The results showed that the transgenic LBR potato hybrids did not have negative effect on N fixing bacteria. The bacterial populations were around 1010-11 cells g-1 soil before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 months after planting (MAP) and 108 cells after harvest. For P- solubilizing bacteria, their populations were 1010 cells before planting, 1012 cells at 1.5 MAP and 1011 cells g-1  soil after harvest. The soil C/N ratio of the transgenic plot was not statistically different compared to non-transgenic plot, i.e. 12-15 before planting, 10-11 at 1.5 MAP, and 10 after harvest in non-spray plot. Pests and diseases such as Alternaria solani, Liriomyza, potato tubber moth, aphid and mites on the transgenic and non-transgenic plots were statistically not different. The resistance score for A. solani was 7.2 (parental tansgenic) and 7.6 (parental non-transgenic); for Liriomyza it was 2.07 (parental transgenic) and 2.32 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), the PTM was 0.63 (parental transgenic) and 0.73 insect per plant (parental non-transgenic), aphid and mites were 0.75 (parental transgenic) and 1.68 insects per plant (parental non-transgenic). The study indicated that LBR potato hybrids did not have any negative impacts on non-target organisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document