scholarly journals Statuses and double branch weights of quadrangular outerplanar graphs

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Halina Bielak ◽  
Kamil Powroźnik
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Hamiltonian Cycle ◽  
Outerplanar Graphs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Branch Weight ◽  
Distance Properties

In this paper we study some distance properties of outerplanar graphs with the Hamiltonian cycle whose all bounded faces are cycles isomorphic to the cycle C<sub>4</sub>. We call this family of graphs quadrangular outerplanar graphs. We give the lower and upper bound on the double branch weight and the status for this graphs. At the end of this paper we show some relations between median and double centroid in quadrangular outerplanar graphs.

scholarly journals Statuses and double branch weights of quadrangular outerplanar graphs

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Bielak ◽  
Kamil Powroźnik
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Hamiltonian Cycle ◽  
Outerplanar Graphs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Branch Weight ◽  
Distance Properties

AbstractIn this paper we study some distance properties of outerplanar graphs with the Hamiltonian cycle whose all bounded faces are cycles isomorphic to the cycle C4. We call this family of graphs quadrangular outerplanar graphs. We give the lower and upper bound on the double branch weight and the status for this graphs. At the end of this paper we show some relations between median and double centroid in quadrangular outerplanar graphs

scholarly journals The Speed of Innovation Diffusion in Social Networks

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-594
Author(s):  
Itai Arieli ◽  
Yakov Babichenko ◽  
Ron Peretz ◽  
H. Peyton Young
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Arbitrary Size ◽  
The Status ◽  
Expected Waiting Time ◽  
Regular Networks

New ways of doing things often get started through the actions of a few innovators, then diffuse rapidly as more and more people come into contact with prior adopters in their social network. Much of the literature focuses on the speed of diffusion as a function of the network topology. In practice, the topology may not be known with any precision, and it is constantly in flux as links are formed and severed. Here, we establish an upper bound on the expected waiting time until a given proportion of the population has adopted that holds independently of the network structure. Kreindler and Young (2014) demonstrated such a bound for regular networks when agents choose between two options: the innovation and the status quo. Our bound holds for directed and undirected networks of arbitrary size and degree distribution, and for multiple competing innovations with different payoffs.

scholarly journals A tight upper bound on the (2,1)-total labeling number of outerplanar graphs

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Hasunuma ◽  
Toshimasa Ishii ◽  
Hirotaka Ono ◽  
Yushi Uno
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Outerplanar Graphs

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE N-BOUND AND THE MAXIMAL MASS CONJECTURES USING NUT-CHARGED dS SPACE–TIMES

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 3987-4035 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD CLARKSON ◽  
A. M. GHEZELBASH ◽  
ROBERT B. MANN
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
De Sitter Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Conserved Quantities ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Cosmological Singularity ◽  
Gravitational Entropy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Maximal Mass ◽  
Gravitational Thermodynamics

The proposed dS/CFT correspondence remains an intriguing paradigm in the context of string theory. Recently it has motivated two interesting conjectures: the entropic N-bound and the maximal mass conjecture. The former states that there is an upper bound to the entropy in asymptotically de Sitter space–times, given by the entropy of pure de Sitter space. The latter states that any asymptotically de Sitter space–time cannot have a mass larger than the pure de Sitter case without inducing a cosmological singularity. Here we review the status of these conjectures and demonstrate their limitation. We first describe a generalization of gravitational thermodynamics to asymptotically de Sitter space–times, and show how to compute conserved quantities and gravitational entropy using this formalism. From this we proceed to a discussion of the N-bound and maximal mass conjectures. We then illustrate that these conjectures are not satisfied for certain asymptotically de Sitter space–times with NUT charge. We close with a presentation of explicit examples in various space–time dimensionalities.

scholarly journals On the Relationships between Zero Forcing Numbers and Certain Graph Coverings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Alinaghipour Taklimi ◽  
Shaun Fallat ◽  
Karen Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Positive Zero ◽  
Zero Forcing ◽  
Outerplanar Graphs ◽  
Zero Forcing Number ◽  
Forcing Number ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Graph Parameters ◽  
Graph Coverings

AbstractThe zero forcing number and the positive zero forcing number of a graph are two graph parameters that arise from two types of graph colourings. The zero forcing number is an upper bound on the minimum number of induced paths in the graph that cover all the vertices of the graph, while the positive zero forcing number is an upper bound on the minimum number of induced trees in the graph needed to cover all the vertices in the graph. We show that for a block-cycle graph the zero forcing number equals the path cover number.We also give a purely graph theoretical proof that the positive zero forcing number of any outerplanar graphs equals the tree cover number of the graph. These ideas are then extended to the setting of k-trees, where the relationship between the positive zero forcing number and the tree cover number becomes more complex.

scholarly journals Minimum Status, Matching and Domination of Graphs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Liang ◽  
Bo Zhou ◽  
Haiyan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Connected Graph ◽  
Domination Number ◽  
Matching Number ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fixed Order

Abstract Given a graph, the status of a vertex is the sum of the distances between the vertex and all other vertices. The minimum status of a graph is the minimum of statuses of all vertices of this graph. We give a sharp upper bound for the minimum status of a connected graph with fixed order and matching number (domination number, respectively) and characterize the unique trees achieving the bound. We also determine the unique tree such that its minimum status is as small as possible when order and matching number (domination number, respectively) are fixed.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

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