scholarly journals Metals phytotoxicity assessment and phyto maximum allowable concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Nataliia Olexandraivna Ryzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Biological Object ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Loess Soils

<p>In this paper, the influence of metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) on plants of spring barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> L.) was investigated in polluted sod podzolic sandy loam on layered glacial sands and calcareous deep chernozem on loamy loess soils. We propose to highlight the metals’ phytotoxicity with help of the phyto maximum allowable concentration. The Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration is a permissible level of metals for plants in polluted soil and represents the safe degree for plants in contaminated ecosystem. The phyto maximum allowable concentration gives the possibility to estimate and to forecast the danger of metals for plants as a biological object that plays a very important role in the life of ecosystem. This approach may be applied for another metals phytotoxicity assessment for other plants.<em> </em></p>

scholarly journals Metals Phytotoxicity Assessment and Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Natalia O. Ryzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Biological Object ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Fourth Class

In this paper, the influence of trace metals(Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) on plants of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was investigated in polluted sod podzolic sandy loam on layered glacial sands and calcareous deep chernozem on loamy loess soils. We propose to estimate the phytotoxicity with help of phytotoxicological classification. The phytotoxicological classification of trace metals gives the possibility to assess their hazard for plants. On the base of indicators such as: plant up-taking index (UI), phytoletal dose (PhLD50), Dipole moment (µ), Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration (PMAC) a phytotoxicological classification of hazardous trace metals was suggested. The four classes of danger in phytotoxicological classification of hazardous trace metals were offered. According to phytotoxicological classification, Cd, Co, Ni belong to the first class of hazard, Cu – to second class of hazard, Zn – to third class of hazard, Pb – to fourth class of hazard. Phytotoxicological classification of hazardous trace metals gives the possibility to comprehensively estimate the danger of trace metals for plants as a biological object that plays a very important role in the life of ecosystem. This approach may be applied for another trace metals risk assessment for other plants.

EFFET DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA RHYNCHOSPORIOSE DE L’ORGE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUC COUTURE ◽  
DANIEL ISFAN
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée ◽  
Different Soils

The effect of nitrogen fertilizers applied as urea or ammonium nitrate at doses of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha−1 on scald in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) grown on two different soils was examined during 2 yr. A strong significant positive correlation was found between nitrogen dose and severity of scald during the 2 yr. Nitrogen influenced disease severity the same way in both soils although the absolute level of disease was higher in plots set up in sandy loam than in clay soil. Disease severity was approximately the same in barley fertilized with urea or ammonium nitrate.Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen form, barley, Hordeum vulgare, scald, Rhynchosporium secalis

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) UPTAKE BY SPRING BARLEY IN POLLUTED SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Nataliija O. Ryzhenko ◽  
S. V. Kavetsky ◽  
Volodymyr M. Kavetsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Biomass Reduction

<p>Accumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu (HM) by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from sod podzolic sandy loam and chernozem soils, impacted by heavy metals pollution in the soils, is studied in the article. The aim of study has been to determine spring barley bioaccumulation capacity impacted by the HM pollution with the high level of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu concentration in soils. The HM concentration diapason caused biomass reduction – the scope of toxic tolerance was obtained. The range of contaminants concentration in soil, which caused the plant biomass reduction, from the beginning to plants death – the scope of toxic tolerance, is the index of a species reaction on selected xenobiotic. It shows: “threshold” concentration of a contaminant that caused a plant biomass inhibition; toxic process development and the correlation between contaminants concentration in soil and/or plant and the plants inhibition; the concentration that caused the plant death. Spring barley accumulation indexes of the studied metals were calculated. Relevant scopes of the plant-uptake index for each metal were calculated. Dynamics of the toxic process development of spring barley as impacted by the pollution in the break-down by studied metals were observed on two different soils. Toxic process dynamic evaluation gives the possibility to simulate concentration of the trace metal in plants, concentration of available forms of these elements in soils, and also contamination level (content of metals) that caused plants height and plant weight reduction by 10%, 50% and 90%.</p><p> </p><p>Celem pracy było określenie wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleb piaszczysto-gliniastych bielicowych i czarnoziemów przez matale ciężkie (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) na biakumulację tych pierwiastków w jęczmieniu jarym (Hordeum vulgare L.). Podwyższone stężenie metali ciężkich spowodowało spadek plonu biomasy (od 10 do 90%). Stwierdzono, że im wyższe stężenie pierwiastków w glebie tym reakcja negatywna roślin była większa, aż do zamierania roślin. Wyliczono wskaźniki akumulacji dla każdego z pierwiastków metali. Ocena dynamiki procesu zanieczyszczenia gleb przez metale ciężkie (na podstawie wskaźników akumulacji) daje możliwość stymulowania stężenia tych pierwiastków w glebie. </p>

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Genotype and Environment on Arabinoxylan and Beta-glucan Contents in Grain of Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Macháň ◽  
Jaroslava Ehrenbergerová ◽  
Radim Cerkal ◽  
Karolína Benešová ◽  
Kateřina Vaculová
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Spring Variety ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Growing Environment

Arabinoxylan and beta-glucan contents are limiting factors for a wider use of barley production. Arabinoxylan and beta-glucan contents were assessed in grain samples in sets of seven malting hulled varieties, three hull-less lines and one hull-less spring variety grown in the localities of Branišovice, Žabčice, and Kroměříž in 2009 to 2011. Further, the effect of growing technologies on the level of these non-starch polysaccharides was studied. Variability of arabinoxylan contents was affected most significantly by a genotype and growing technology whereas variability of beta-glucan contents was mostly affected by a genotype and growing environment (interaction of year with locality). The highest values of arabinoxylans and beta-glucans were determined in the grain samples of hull-less lines (KM 1057: 6.16% of arabinoxylans and KM 2084: 6.41% of beta-glucans) and on the contrary, the lowest values of arabinoxylans were found in the grain of hull-less variety AF Lucius (3.85%) and lowest amounts of beta-glucans were found in malting variety Radegast (3.92%). The samples of the growing technology without fungicide treatment had on average more arabinoxylans and beta-glucans than the fungicide non-treated ones.

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