EFFET DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE SUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA RHYNCHOSPORIOSE DE L’ORGE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUC COUTURE ◽  
DANIEL ISFAN
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée ◽  
Different Soils

The effect of nitrogen fertilizers applied as urea or ammonium nitrate at doses of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha−1 on scald in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) grown on two different soils was examined during 2 yr. A strong significant positive correlation was found between nitrogen dose and severity of scald during the 2 yr. Nitrogen influenced disease severity the same way in both soils although the absolute level of disease was higher in plots set up in sandy loam than in clay soil. Disease severity was approximately the same in barley fertilized with urea or ammonium nitrate.Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen form, barley, Hordeum vulgare, scald, Rhynchosporium secalis

scholarly journals HEAVY METALS (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) UPTAKE BY SPRING BARLEY IN POLLUTED SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Nataliija O. Ryzhenko ◽  
S. V. Kavetsky ◽  
Volodymyr M. Kavetsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Biomass Reduction

<p>Accumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu (HM) by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from sod podzolic sandy loam and chernozem soils, impacted by heavy metals pollution in the soils, is studied in the article. The aim of study has been to determine spring barley bioaccumulation capacity impacted by the HM pollution with the high level of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu concentration in soils. The HM concentration diapason caused biomass reduction – the scope of toxic tolerance was obtained. The range of contaminants concentration in soil, which caused the plant biomass reduction, from the beginning to plants death – the scope of toxic tolerance, is the index of a species reaction on selected xenobiotic. It shows: “threshold” concentration of a contaminant that caused a plant biomass inhibition; toxic process development and the correlation between contaminants concentration in soil and/or plant and the plants inhibition; the concentration that caused the plant death. Spring barley accumulation indexes of the studied metals were calculated. Relevant scopes of the plant-uptake index for each metal were calculated. Dynamics of the toxic process development of spring barley as impacted by the pollution in the break-down by studied metals were observed on two different soils. Toxic process dynamic evaluation gives the possibility to simulate concentration of the trace metal in plants, concentration of available forms of these elements in soils, and also contamination level (content of metals) that caused plants height and plant weight reduction by 10%, 50% and 90%.</p><p> </p><p>Celem pracy było określenie wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleb piaszczysto-gliniastych bielicowych i czarnoziemów przez matale ciężkie (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) na biakumulację tych pierwiastków w jęczmieniu jarym (Hordeum vulgare L.). Podwyższone stężenie metali ciężkich spowodowało spadek plonu biomasy (od 10 do 90%). Stwierdzono, że im wyższe stężenie pierwiastków w glebie tym reakcja negatywna roślin była większa, aż do zamierania roślin. Wyliczono wskaźniki akumulacji dla każdego z pierwiastków metali. Ocena dynamiki procesu zanieczyszczenia gleb przez metale ciężkie (na podstawie wskaźników akumulacji) daje możliwość stymulowania stężenia tych pierwiastków w glebie. </p>

scholarly journals Metals phytotoxicity assessment and phyto maximum allowable concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Nataliia Olexandraivna Ryzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Biological Object ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Permissible Level ◽  
Loess Soils

<p>In this paper, the influence of metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) on plants of spring barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> L.) was investigated in polluted sod podzolic sandy loam on layered glacial sands and calcareous deep chernozem on loamy loess soils. We propose to highlight the metals’ phytotoxicity with help of the phyto maximum allowable concentration. The Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration is a permissible level of metals for plants in polluted soil and represents the safe degree for plants in contaminated ecosystem. The phyto maximum allowable concentration gives the possibility to estimate and to forecast the danger of metals for plants as a biological object that plays a very important role in the life of ecosystem. This approach may be applied for another metals phytotoxicity assessment for other plants.<em> </em></p>

scholarly journals FATE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS AS AFFECTED BY RATE AND SOURCE ON AMARANTH.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174a-1174
Author(s):  
Kalala Mwamba ◽  
E.G. Rhoden ◽  
R.O. Ankumah ◽  
V. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Fate Of Nitrogen ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) is a vegetable crop with grains and leaves high in protein, especially, lysine and the sulfur-containing amino acids which are limiting in many vegetables and grains. These nutritional qualities and the ease of growth make it a suitable alternate crop for limited resource farmers. A study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen sources and fertilization rates on amaranth production in Alabama and other Southeastern States. The experiment was set up as a complete randomized block design in Norfolk sandy loam (Fine silicoeus, thermic, Typic Paleudult). Four nitrogen sources (urea, sodium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) were used at three different levels (0, 40, and 80 Kg/ha) one week after transplanting. Sources of nitrogen did not have any significant effect on both fresh and dry vegetable yield (p 0.05). However, fertilization brought significant increases in both yield and total nitrogen content of vegetable amaranth (p 0.05).

scholarly journals Metals Phytotoxicity Assessment and Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Natalia O. Ryzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Biological Object ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Fourth Class

In this paper, the influence of trace metals(Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) on plants of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was investigated in polluted sod podzolic sandy loam on layered glacial sands and calcareous deep chernozem on loamy loess soils. We propose to estimate the phytotoxicity with help of phytotoxicological classification. The phytotoxicological classification of trace metals gives the possibility to assess their hazard for plants. On the base of indicators such as: plant up-taking index (UI), phytoletal dose (PhLD50), Dipole moment (µ), Phyto Maximum Allowable Concentration (PMAC) a phytotoxicological classification of hazardous trace metals was suggested. The four classes of danger in phytotoxicological classification of hazardous trace metals were offered. According to phytotoxicological classification, Cd, Co, Ni belong to the first class of hazard, Cu – to second class of hazard, Zn – to third class of hazard, Pb – to fourth class of hazard. Phytotoxicological classification of hazardous trace metals gives the possibility to comprehensively estimate the danger of trace metals for plants as a biological object that plays a very important role in the life of ecosystem. This approach may be applied for another trace metals risk assessment for other plants.

scholarly journals Assessment of microbial activity and biomass in different soils exposed to nicosulfuron

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Gajic Umiljendic ◽  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Cellulolytic Microorganisms ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Soils

The effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on the abundance of cellulolytic and proteolytic microorganisms, activity of ?-glucosidase and protease enzymes, and microbial phosphorus biomass were examined. A laboratory bioassay was set up on two types of agricultural soils differing in physicochemical properties. The following concentrations were tested: 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 and 30.0 mg a.i./kg of soil. Samples were collected 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after treatment with nicosulfuron. The results showed that nicosulfuron significantly reduced the abundance of cellulolytic microorganisms in both soils, as well as microbial biomass phosphorus in sandy loam soil. The herbicide was found to stimulate ?-glucosidase and protease activity in both types of soil and microbial biomass phosphorus in loamy soil. Proteolytic microorganisms remained unaffected by nicosulfuron.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

scholarly journals Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ruihuan She ◽  
Yongxiang Yu ◽  
Chaorong Ge ◽  
Huaiying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.

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