scholarly journals Improving Mathematical Reasoning and Mathematics Attitude of Disadvantaged Children in Rural Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 673-697
Author(s):  
Emrullah ERDEM ◽  
Tahsin FIRAT ◽  
Ramazan GÜRBÜZ
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Mathematics Attitude ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
And Mathematics

Mathematics Based on Fuzzy Logic

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Bělohlávek ◽  
Joseph W. Dauben ◽  
George J. Klir
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Classical Logic ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Truth Degrees

Mathematical reasoning is governed by the laws of classical logic, based on the principle of bivalence. With the acceptance of intermediate truth degrees, the situation changed substantially. This chapter begins with a characterization of mathematics based on fuzzy logic, an identification of principal issues of its development, and an outline of this development. It then examines the role of fuzzy logic in the narrow sense for developing mathematics based on fuzzy logic and the main approaches developed toward its foundations. Next, some selected areas of mathematics based on fuzzy logic are presented, such as the theory of sets and relations, algebra, topology, quantities and mathematical analysis, probability, and geometry. The chapter concludes by examining various semantic questions regarding fuzzy logic and mathematics based on it.

scholarly journals Deducing false propositions from true ideas: Nieuwentijt on mathematical reasoning

Synthese ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 197 (11) ◽  
pp. 4927-4945
Author(s):  
Sylvia Pauw
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
True Claim

Abstract This paper argues that, for Bernard Nieuwentijt (1654–1718), mathematical reasoning on the basis of ideas is not the same as logical reasoning on the basis of propositions. Noting that the two types of reasoning differ helps make sense of a peculiar-sounding claim Nieuwentijt makes, namely that it is possible to mathematically deduce false propositions from true abstracted ideas. I propose to interpret Nieuwentijt’s abstracted ideas as incomplete mental copies of existing objects. I argue that, according to Nieuwentijt, a proposition is mathematically deducible from an abstracted idea if it can be demonstrated that that proposition makes a true claim about the object that idea forms. This allows me to explain why Nieuwentijt deems it possible to deduce false propositions from true ideas. It also implies that logic and mathematics are not as closely related for Nieuwentijt as has been suggested in the existing secondary literature.

Ability Grouping, Mathematics Achievement, and Pupil Attitudes toward Mathematics

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Anne Brassell ◽  
Susan Petry ◽  
Douglas M. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Mathematics Scores ◽  
Mathematics Attitude ◽  
Mathematics Ability ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
And Mathematics

Relationships between mathematics attitude and mathematics ability were investigated using six scale scores from Sandman's Mathematics Attitude Inventory and four mathematics scores from the California Test of Basic Skills. The instruments were administered to 714 seventh-grade mathematics students in classes grouped by ability level. Results showed significant differences in mathematics attitude and mathematics ability among the class levels and the teacher-determined ability groups. The mathematics-attitude scales for self-concept and anxiety proved to be the best correlates of mathematics achievement. Attitude data suggest that pupils placed in average-ability groups have self-concept and anxiety difficulties equal to or greater than pupils in low-ability groups.

Isoperimetric Quadrilaterals: Mathematical Reasoning with Technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Gina M. Foletta ◽  
David B. Leep
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Mathematical Understanding ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Different Levels

This article evolved as an extension of a lesson created in 1995 as part of the Kentucky Partnership for Reform Initiatives in Science and Mathematics (PRISM). We intended to work with quadrilaterals in general on our original lesson, but we thought that such a lesson might be too difficult for many students. Hence, we designed the original lesson to engage secondary school students in an investigation of the nature of isoperimetric parallelograms, that is, parallellograms with the same perimeter. We wanted the lesson to be appropriate for students at different levels of mathematical understanding.

scholarly journals Komparasi keefektifan pendekatan CTL setting NHT dan TGT pada materi bangun datar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Andriani Suzana
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Mathematics Attitude ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Communication Ability ◽  
And Mathematics

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: mendeskripsikan keefektifan pendekatan CTL setting NHT dan TGT; membandingkan keefektifan pendekatan CTL setting NHT dan pendekatan CTL setting TGT ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan komunikasi matematis, dan sikap matematika siswa SMP kelas VII dalam belajar bangun datar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison-group design. Untuk mengetahui keefektifan pendekatan CTL setting NHT dan TGT pada masing-masing variabel, digunakan uji one sample t-test. Selanjutnya, untuk membandingkan keefektifan pendekatan CTL setting NHT dan TGT, data dianalisis menggunakan uji T2 Hotteling’s. Jika terdapat perbedaan keefektifan, maka dilakukan uji lanjut t-univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pembelajaran matematika menggunakan pendekatan CTL setting NHT dan TGT efektif ditinjau dari prestasi belajar dan sikap matematika siswa, namun tidak efektif ditinjau dari kemampuan komunikasi matematis; tidak terdapat perbedaan keefektifan antara pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan CTL setting NHT dan pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan CTL setting TGT ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan komunikasi matematis, dan sikap matematika siswa.  Kata Kunci: pendekatan CTL setting NHT, pendekatan CTL setting TGT, prestasi belajar, kemampuan komunikasi matematis, sikap matematika siswa The Comparison of the Effectiveness of CTL Approach of NHT Type and CTL Approach of TGT Type in Learning Planes AbstractThis research aims to: describe the effectiveness of teaching mathematics by using the CTL approach of NHT type and the CTL approach of TGT type; compare the effectiveness of the CTL approach of NHT type and CTL approach of TGT type in terms of mathematics learning achievement, mathematical communication ability, and mathematics attitude of 7th grade junior high school students in learning planes. This research is a quasi-experimental research with the pretest-posttest non-equivalent comparison-group design. To determine the effectiveness of the CTL approach of NHT type and CTL approach of TGT type on each variable, one sample t-test was used. Furthermore, to compare the effectiveness of the CTL approach of NHT type and CTL approach of TGT type, the data were analyzed using a multivariate test of T2 Hotteling’s. If there were differences in effectiveness, then further study of t-univariate was done to determine certain variables that contributed to the overall difference. The results showed that: the teaching of mathematics using the CTL approach of NHT type and using the CTL approach of TGT type are effective in terms of mathematics learning achievement and mathematics attitude, but is not effective in terms of mathematical communication ability; there is no difference between the effectiveness of teaching using the CTL approach of NHT type and teaching using the CTL approach of TGT type in terms of mathematics learning achievement, mathematical communication ability, and mathematics attitude. Keywords: CTL approach of NHT type, CTL approach of TGT type, mathematics learning achievement, mathematical communication ability, mathematics attitudes of students.

Some number concepts of disadvantaged children

1965 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-361
Author(s):  
M. E. Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Number Concepts ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mathematics Educators ◽  
Average Students ◽  
And Mathematics

In the past decade efforts to improve school mathematics in this country have been devoted primarily to programs for average and above average students. The more difficult problem of curricula for below average achievers in mathematics has always been with us, and now we seem to have made enough progress and gained enough experience to tackle this problem. The School Mathematics Study Group held a conference in April, 1964, to acquaint a representative group of mathematicians and mathematics educators who bad worked on curriculum projects with some of the problems associated with below average acbievement.2 The conference made several recommendations for experimentation and curriculum development.

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