Strategies, Tips, and Language to Support Parent and Educators Through the IEP Process

This chapter provides strategies, tips, and language through the IEP process from the first person perspective of a parent turned parent-advocate. This chapter shares with educators what the experience is like from a parent side of the table and the emotions involved. It also is meant to help build a knowledge base for parents and encouragement from the author's perspective as a parent. Lastly, this chapter shows that there are ways to bring the student's voice into their IEP regardless of their communication ability.

Smart Cities, Smart Grids, and Smart Grid Analytics

The introduction of the 21st century has experienced a growing trend in the number of people who choose to live within a city. Rapid urbanisation however, comes a variety of issues which are technical, social, physical and organisational in nature because of the complex gathering of large population numbers in such a spatially limited area. This rapid growth in population presents new challenges for the already stretched city services and infrastructure as they are faced with the problems of finding smarter methods to deal with issues including: traffic congestion, waste management and increased energy usage. This chapter examines the phenomenon of smart cities, their many definitions, their ability to alleviate the discomforts cities suffer due to rapid urbanisation and ultimately offer an improved and more sustainable lives for the city's citizens. This chapter also highlights the benefits of smart grids, their bi-directional real-time communication ability, and their other qualities.

Knowing Communication Strategy for Better Communication

Nowadays, the importance of communication is undeniable. In oral communication, the learners employ speaking skills which requires the mastery of communication strategies in order to solve the communication problems which they found during oral communication and to get across the communicative goals to the interlocutors. Unfortunately, speaking is still considered one of the most difficult skills to be acquired by English language learners. English learners need more practices and also strategies in communication. In addition, communication ability also influenced by some factors such as target language proficiency, learning and communicating contexts, task types, gender differences and learners’ personality. Driven by this condition, this paper is aimed to discuss theoretical framework about communication strategies and its development since firstly proposed by Tarone (1977). This paper is beneficial for English language practitioner and English language learners, ELT researcher as well.

The Effect Of Student Learning Motivation on MTS Students' Mathematic Communication Ability

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of student learning motivation on mathematical communication skills. The respondents in this study were 32 students from MTs Negeri Karimun, Kepulauan Riau. A test of mathematical communication abilities and a student learning motivation questionnaire were used. A quantitative descriptive study was used as the research method in this study. Simple linear regression analysis was utilized to analyze the data, with student learning motivation as the independent variable and mathematical communication abilities as the dependent variable. The results of the analysis demonstrate that student learning motivation has an effect on mathematical communication skills, with a=5%.

“Pain Management in Intensive Care Patients, a Retrospective Observational Research.”

Background Sepsis and septic shock are the most common causes of death in non-cardiac surgery intensive care units. The treatment of sepsis is difficult. Adequate analgesia is essential for a positive outcome. There are differences in pain management between septic and non-septic patients. Septic ICU patients receive higher doses of opioids than non-septic ICU patients. Methods A retrospective observational study was carried out in an anesthesiological intensive care from 1.1.2014 to 30.6.2016. The cases were divided into four different groups according to the criteria: Sepsis “yes/no” and communication ability “yes/no”. After adjusting the number of cases by pairing method, 356 cases were recruited. The endpoint of our study was defined as the "total opioid dose". A statistical evaluation was carried out by T-tests and two-factor variance analyses. Results There is a significant difference in opioid dose between communicative and non-communicative ICU patients. The mean sufentanil dose is significantly higher in the non-communicative patients than in the communicative patients. Sepsis has no significant effect on the dose of sufentanil. Conclusion The hypothesis that sepsis decreases the pain threshold could not be proven in this study. The effect of the higher opioid requirement is not directly caused by sepsis, but by the factor of communication ability. Furthermore, we were able to show through our investigations and especially through the data of the pain recording instruments that the septic and non-septic intensive care patients receive sufficient pain therapy treatment.