scholarly journals Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid in Alcohol Withdrawal Induced Anxiety and Depression in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Suraj Kotwal ◽  
Aman B. Upaganlawar ◽  
Manoj Mahajan ◽  
Chandrashekhar Upasani
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes ◽  
Test Hole

Background: Anxiety and depression are the most important troubling symptoms of continuous alcoholism. Objective: The present study was designed to examine the protective effects of ferulic acid in alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression in experimental mice. Methods: Male albino mice were divided into different groups. They were received 10% ethanol (2 g/kg; p.o.) twice on the first day and once on successive days for total six days, after 24 hrs. Withdrawal symptoms were observed using the different model for anxiety and depression such as elevated plus maze, open field test, hole board test, marble burying test and tail suspension test. Ferulic acid was tested as 10 and 20 mg/ kg, orally. Results: Treatment with ferulic acid (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o) showed significant reduction of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in different models. Taken together our result showed a protective effect in alcohol withdrawal anxiety and depression as tested in well-established animal models. Conclusion: The present study showed that ferulic acid dose-dependently prevents alcohol withdrawal-induced anxiety and depression in mice.

scholarly journals Neurobehavioral and neuroprotective role of captopril in the rotenone model of rat Parkinsonism

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3523-3534
Author(s):  
Prakash KG ◽  
Bannur BM ◽  
Madhavrao C ◽  
Saniya K ◽  
Sudha M J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Angiotensin-converting enzymes are increasingly being tested in therapeutics of Parkinsonism. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavioral changes and neuroprotective role of captopril in the rotenone model of Parkinsonism in rats. Adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of six each. Parkinsonism was induced with rotenone (3 mg/Kg intraperitoneal) in three groups. The experimental group was treated with captopril (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal). The effects were compared with a standard group treated with levodopa (12 mg/Kg) and Benserazide (3 mg/Kg). Behavioral effects were evaluated by the rotarod test, spontaneous locomotor activity, hole board test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. Neuroprotection was noted with an estimation of glutathione and lipid peroxidation from rat brain homogenate. Levels of dopamine, serotonin, and GABA were also noted. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the brain evaluated for any histoarchitectural changes. Rats pre-treated with captopril have shown a significant increase in the duration of stay in the rotarod test, a significant increase in the number of head dipping in hole board test, significant lower duration of immobility in forced swim test and tail suspension test. Captopril has a significant neuroprotective role, as evidenced by a significant decrease in levels of glutathione and a significant increase in lipid peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and MAO-B levels. Captopril has significant effects on brain neurotransmitters, as evidenced by dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Captopril has shown significant neuronal protection by increased expression of Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry in rotenone-induced PD. Captopril has shown significant improvement in motor coordination (as evidenced through rotarod test), exploratory behavior (hole board test), depression (forced swimming test, and tail suspension test). Captopril significantly reduces oxidative stress conditions. Captopril has not shown major histoanatomical changes in the rotenone model. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; neuroprotection; dopaminergic neurons; Parkinsonism; rotenone model

scholarly journals Behavioural Influence of Atorvastatin alone and in Combination with Antiepileptics against Electroconvulsions in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Jayaraman Rajangam ◽  
K. Manogna ◽  
K. Mounica ◽  
C. Padma ◽  
A. Swathi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Electrical Induction ◽  
The Given ◽  
Chimney Test

The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavioral influence of atorvastatin alone and in combination with antiepileptics like lacosamide and levetiracetam in the mouse after the experimental convulsions induced by maximal electroshock method. The maximal seizure pattern was induced in mice in alternative days for upto 9 days by giving an alternating current of 45 mA for 0.2 Sec. Atorvastatin (10mg/ kg i.p) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the electrical induction of seizures in alone and in combination with lacosamide (10mg/kg i.p) and levetiracetam (10mg/kg i.p). Rota rod, hole board, tail suspension and were used to record behavioral effects periodically. Additionally, the effects of administration of atorvastatin on the adverse effect potential of an lacosamide and levetiracetam were assessed in the chimney test for its motor performance. The results shows that, there is a gradual significant increase of muscle grip strength (p<0.05) and reduction in immobility time (p<0.05) on the 7th day which indicates modulatory effect of atorvastatin on behavior while combining with levetiracetam and lacosamide. In hole board test there was a significant increase in head poking were observed which indicates that the given drug atorvastatin has alleviated the anxiety and depression which confirms its modulatory effects on behavior while combining with levetiracetam and lacosamide. In addition to this atorvastatin in combinations with both antiepileptic drugs had no impact on their adverse effects in the chimney test. Based on the study, the results suggest that the HMG-CoA inhibitor atorvastatin fails to protect the seizures alone and in combination with levetiracetam and shows modulatory effects on behavior while combining with antiepileptics in MES convulsion model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anti-depressant, Anti-anxiety and Muscle Relaxant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerva javanica Roots

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
Mohammed Waqas ◽  
Peeyush Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Yadav ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity

Aims: To evaluate anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and muscle relaxant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Aerva javanica roots in various experimental animal models. Study Design: Animal study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bilwal Medchem and Research Laboratory, Jaipur from July 2021-August 2021. Methodology: The root powder of Aerva javanica was extracted with hydroalcoholic solvent (70% ethanol). The hydroalcoholic extract at three doses 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg was checked for anti-depressant and skeletal muscle relaxant activity in the experimental animal models. To determine the anti-depressant activity tail suspension test, locomotor activity, open field test, and MAO inhibitor assay were done; to determine the anti-anxiety activity hole board test was used; and to determine the skeletal muscle relaxant activity rotarod test, grip strength test, and chimney test were done. Results: In the tail suspension test, the extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced the duration of immobility compared to normal control (p<0.0001). The extract at dose 400 mg/kg significantly reduced MAO-A and MAO-B activity compared to the normal control group (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). The extract at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg were able to decrease locomotor activity in actophotomoter and increased time spent in centre square in open field test revealing the sedative effect of the extract. In hole board test, the extract at dose 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly increased number of head dip count (p<0.0001 and p<0.001) respectively. In the rotarod test, the extract at dose 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the time spent on the rotating rod (p<0.0001), compared to normal control. Similarly, in the grip strength test the extract at dose 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the time spend on suspended wire revealing the skeletal muscle relaxant property of the test extract. Conclusion: Based on the result, it can be concluded that the extract exert anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and skeletal muscle relaxant like activity in the experimental rat which was hypothesized to be attributed to the flavonoids present in the hydroalcoholic root extract of Aerva javanica.

scholarly journals Assessment of antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities of methanolic crude extracts of Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers. whole plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Ananta Sutra Dhar ◽  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Md. Rajdoula Rafe ◽  
Md. Islam Molla
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractIn this study, methanolic crude extracts of Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers. (MESJ) whole plants were examined for possible antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities. Herein, the forced swimming test and tail suspension test were conducted to explore the antidepressant activity. In addition, the open field test and hole-board test were performed to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic activities. In the acute toxicity test, the MESJ ensured safety up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg, p.o. The experimental doses were 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. In both the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, the extract significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) inhibited immobility time in a dose dependent manner compared to the control. These results (13.56-26.46% inhibition) indicate the mild antidepressant activity of MESJ compared to nortriptyline (60.4-64.6% inhibition). The open field test and hole-board test demonstrated the dose dependent significant (p<0.001, p<0.01 and p<0.05) and moderate sedative-hypnotic activities of the extract compared to diazepam. However, these activities were found to gradually decrease after 60 min in the open field test and must be considered as short-term activities, compared to diazepam. It can be claimed that the methanolic crude extract of Stephania japonica possesses mild antidepressant and moderate but short-term sedative-hypnotic activities.

scholarly journals Progesterone regulates corticosterone elevation and alterations in spatial memory and exploratory behavior induced by stress in Wistar rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Diaz-Burke ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Valencia-Alfonso ◽  
Claudia Elena González-Sandoval ◽  
Miguel Huerta ◽  
Xóchitl Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test ◽  
Induced Changes

The hippocampus is sensitive to high levels of glucocorticoids. During stress response, it suffers biochemical and cellular changes that affect functions such as spatial memory and exploratory behavior. In this study, we analyzed the influence of the neurosteroid progesterone (PROG), on stress-induced changes in urinary corticosterone (CORT) levels, spatial memory and exploratory behavior. Castrated adult male rats were implanted with PROG or vehicle (VEHI), and then exposed to chronic stress by overcrowding or ultrasonic noise for ten days. PROG and CORT levels were assessed in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Implanted PROG inhibited stress-induced CORT raise, prevented spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze, and eliminated increased exploratory behavior in the hole-board test. These results suggest protective effects of PROG against the corticosteroids raise and behavioral deficit generated by both stressful situations, possibly mediated by its anxiolytic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Can the Hole–Board Test Predict a Rat’s Exploratory Behavior in a Free-Exploration Test?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pisula ◽  
Klaudia Modlinska ◽  
Katarzyna Goncikowska ◽  
Anna Chrzanowska
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Free Exploration ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Motivational Mechanism ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test

This study focuses on the rat activity in a hole–board setting that we considered a type of exploratory behavior. The general hypothesis is based on the claim that a motivational mechanism is central to both the response to novelty in a highly familiarized environment and the activity in the hole–board apparatus. Our sample consisted of 80 experimentally naive Lister Hooded rats. All rats were tested in the hole–board apparatus. Twenty individuals with the highest hole-board scores and twenty subjects with the lowest hole–board scores subsequently underwent an established free-exploration test. In our study, the scores obtained in the hole–board test had little predictive value for the rats’ activity in the free-exploration test. Based on our previous experience in studying exploratory behavior in the free-exploration test and the data presented in this paper, we suggest that the hole–board test is not an appropriate tool for measuring exploratory behavior in laboratory rodents.

Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
A.R. Abubakar ◽  
◽  
I.H. Sani ◽  
S. Malami ◽  
A.H. Yaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Solanum Aethiopicum ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Hole Board Test

Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.

Evaluation of anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of Cissus adnata Roxb. in animal model

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Shamim Hasan ◽  
Md. Giash Uddin ◽  
Mohammed Shoibe ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Sujan Banik
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Board Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Hole Board Test

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of methanolic extract of Cissus adnata Roxb. is a crucial medicinal plant used in many disorders belongs to Vitaceae family.MethodsElevated plus maze (EPM) test and hole board test was applied for the anxiolytic activity with the Swiss albino mice. The hypoglycemic activity was measured by the glucose tolerance test in mice model. The capacity to produce the desired effect of the plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was compared with the anxiolytic drug of standard diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (10 mg/kg i.p.), respectively.ResultsThe phytochemical screening of Cissus adnata extract exposed the presence of carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, tannin, and gum. The anxiolytic effect was detected in both experiments which significantly raised the number of head dips and the time spent in the open arm of the EPM (p<0.05) as the dose enlarged. Hypoglycemic study of the extracts shows better effect by reducing blood glucose level.ConclusionsThe better anxiolytic and hypoglycemic activities in the present study are due to the existence of various phytochemical constituents like saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins in this methanolic extract.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document