scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Bioavailability of Zinc and Iron in Kunu-Zaki, a Nigerian Traditional Beverage

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Chidi U. Igwe ◽  
Chiedozie O. Ibegbulem ◽  
Linus A. Nwaogu ◽  
Cosmas O. Ujowundu ◽  
A. Chinedu Ene
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
High Bioavailability ◽  
Phytochemical Contents ◽  
Better Than

The effect of processing (germination and fermentation) on the chemical composition (proximate, mineral and phytochemical contents) of a Nigerian traditional beverage, kunu-zaki made from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grains with the addition of sweet potato (Ipomoneabatatas) paste were studied. The bioavailability of Zn and Fe in the beverage were also assessed using phytate, Zn, Ca and Fe molar ratios. Processing of sorghum into kunu-zaki significantly (p<0.05) increased its ash (26.32 %), Na (21.28 %), Ca (20.59 %), Fe (21.62 %), Zn (13.43 %), flavonoids (11.11 %) and alkaloids (30.00 %) contents, but decreased its protein (-43.75 %), fiber (-28.57 %), phenols (-43.80 %), saponin (-62.6 7%), tannin (-43.80 %), oxalate (-33.33 %) and phytate (-60.27 %) contents. Addition of sweet potato paste to kunu-zaki apparently aided in enhancing its chemical composition. The combination of germination and fermentation as processing techniques were better than germination alone in significantly (p<0.05) improving the bioavailability of Fe and Zn, and reducing the anti-nutrient content of kunu-zaki, in comparison with both raw and germinated sorghum grains. In conclusion, the kunu-zaki had low contents of protein and fiber, adequate arrays of other functional nutrients and potentially high bioavailability of Fe and Zn.

scholarly journals Comparative study of yield, intake, chemical composition and nutritive values of gama (Avena sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) forages

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
MN Islam ◽  
MR Alam ◽  
AKMA Kabir ◽  
NG Das ◽  
MM Khanduker
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Indigenous Sheep ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was conducted to compare the yield, composition and nutrient digestibility of gama (Tripsacum dactyloides), oat (Avena sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) forages. Three fodders were cultivated and a metabolism trial was conducted with 3 indigenous sheep in a 3 × 3 Latin Square Design (LSD) for determination of nutrient digestibility. The fresh yield of gama was higher (P<0.05) than that of oat and sorghum. The yield of DM in gama and sorghum was similar and significantly higher (P<0.01) than oat. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF contents among the gama, oat and sorghum forages. The average DM and OM intake in sheep fed sorghum was higher (P<0.05) than that of oat or gama. Sheep fed sorghum or oat showed significantly (P<0.01) higher CP intake than gama. Average NDF and ADF intake was higher (P<0.05) in sheep fed sorghum followed by oat or gama, respectively. The DM digestibility of different forages was found non-significant (P>0.05). The OM digestibility of sorghum was found to be higher (P<0.05) compared to oat or gama. Digestibility of CP was significant (P<0.01) higher sorghum than oat (37 %) or gama (36 %). Higher NDF and ADF digestibility (P<0.05) were found in sorghum and oat, respectively than gama. It was concluded that sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is better than gama (Tripsacum dactyloides) and oat (Avena sativa) forages. Key words: Gama; Oat; Sorghum; Digestibility DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9678 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 67-74

scholarly journals HPLC-DAD Polyphenolic Profiling and Antioxidant Activities of Sorghum bicolor during Germination

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Ioana Otilia Ghinea ◽  
Maria Daniela Ionica Mihaila ◽  
Giorgiana-Valentina Blaga (Costea) ◽  
Sorin Marius Avramescu ◽  
Mihaela Cudalbeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Radical Scavenger Activity ◽  
Scavenger Activity ◽  
Sorghum Grains

The purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of the Romanian Albanus hybrid of Sorghum bicolor as a potential functional food ingredient. Ultrasound-assisted extraction in different solvents, together with spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods, was used to monitor the variation in total phenolic and flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity of raw sorghum grains before and during short germination periods (24, 36 and 48 h). The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) investigation of the extracts revealed that the ungerminated sorghum grains extracted with methanol had the highest diversity of phenolic compounds, while the total phenolic content (TPC) was the highest after 36 h of germination in both extract types: 1853 mg GAE/100 g for the methanolic extract and 1726 mg GAE/100 g for the ethanolic extract. The findings of this study showed that the TPC of sorghum extracts is strongly correlated with their antioxidant activity and, overall, that the studied extracts presented a good radical scavenger activity, which supports the benefits of alimentary uses of Sorghum bicolor grains.

scholarly journals Dielectric Properties of Sweet Potato Purees at 915 MHz as Affected by Temperature and Chemical Composition∗

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Brinley ◽  
V.D. Truong ◽  
P. Coronel ◽  
J. Simunovic ◽  
K.P. Sandeep
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sweet Potato

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Estimation of Feeding Value of Forage Perennial Grasses in Breeding Programmes by Global and Specific Calibrations. Estimation of Chemical Composition and Digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Naydenova ◽  
P. Tomov ◽  
P. Dardenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Near infrared (NIR) spectral analysis with a NIRSystems 6500 monochromator was applied to evaluate accuracy of predictive models for forage quality in clone breeding processes of the original Bulgarian varieties over different cuts and years. The varieties were the perennial grasses: Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Bromus inermis Leyss. Global calibrations for the 418 perennial grass samples and specific calibrations for each single grass species and internal cross-validations were performed by the PLS regression method. The effect of different spectral data pre-treatments was investigated on the residual standard errors of the NIR predictive models. Among 60 calibration equations, the model with the lowest SECV value was retained for each parameter in each database. No particular data pre-treatment was really better than the other ones. Generally, the best results of the global calibrations were obtained with SNVD and MSC. For the specific calibrations, SNVD and WMSC were the best treatments. In both cases, the first or second derivatives were needed after the first pre-treatment. Chemical composition and in vitro enzymatic digestibility of clones were predicted with accuracy similar to that of classical laboratory methods. For the cell wall component contents, the standard errors of cross-validation SECV(%DM) ranged from 0.49 for ADL ( Festuca) to 2.02 for NDF ( Dactylis). The digestibilities of dry and organic matter, IVDMD and IVOMD, were estimated with SECVs from 2.6 to 3.0%, the relative intake, from 0.06 to 0.09 rel% body weight and the relative feeding value, from 4.39 to 5.64 rel%. The global calibration models offer an acceptable accuracy for the estimation of the cell wall nutrient contents, the digestibility and the nutritive value. The standard errors of prediction of specific single species calibrations with smaller numbers of terms were lower in 60% of the cases than those obtained from the best global calibrations with higher numbers of terms. On average, SECVs from specific calibrations are better than those from global calibrations, but the differences are quite small, and for the prediction of totally new samples (new crops, another year), the global calibrations will detect less outlier samples. Even with very high variability between cuts and years, NIR spectroscopy is able via ANOVA GL Models to sort clones on their feeding value and to provide relevant information for the breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Substitusi Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu Terhadap Karakteristik Kue Kering

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Helen C.D. Tuhumury ◽  
La Ega ◽  
Nuram Keliobas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Sweet Potato Flour ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

The objective of the study was to determine the concentation ratio between purple sweet potato flour and wheat flour in order to produce purple sweet potato cookies having particular nutritional content and preffered by consumers. A completely randomized experimental design was applied in this study. One experimental factor which was ratio of purple sweet potato flur and wheat flour consisting five level of treatments, was as signed i,e 100%: 0%, 80:20%, 60%:40%, and 20%: 80% respectively. Variables measured were chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, anthocyanin content) and sensory properties (colour, taste, texture, overall likeness). Results showed that most variables were influenced by the ratio of sweet potato flour and wheat flour, excluding moisture content. The ratio of 80% sweet potato flour : 20% wheat flour resulted in cookies with good characteristics and mostly preffered by parelists. Anthocyamin content of this particular cookies (80%: 20%) was similar to that of sweet potato flour.  Keywords: cookies, purple sweet potato flour, wheat flour   ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi tepung ubi jalar ungu dan tepung terigu yang tepat untuk menghasilkan kue kering ubi jalar ungu dengan kandungan gizi tertentu dan disukai. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri satu faktor dengan lima taraf perlakuan yaitu : Perbandingan tepung ubi jalar ungu dan tepung terigu 100% : 0%, 80% : 20%, 60% : 40%, 40% : 60%, 20% : 80%. Peubah yang di amati adalah komposisi kimia (penentuan kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar air, kandungan antosianin) dan uji organoleptik (warna, rasa, tekstur, tingkat kesukaan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan perbadingan tepung ubi jalar ungu dan tepung terigu mempengaruhi peubah-peubah yang diamati, sedangkan untuk kadar air tidak berbeda nyata. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian perlakuan perbandingan tepung ubi jalar ungu dan tepung terigu 80% : 20% dapat menghasilkan kue kering yang terbaik dan disukai. Kandungan antosianin kue kering ubi jalar dengan formulasi 80 : 20% tidak berbeda jauh dengan kandungan antosianin tepung ubi jalar. Kata kunci: kue kering, tepung terigu, tepung ubi jalar ungu

scholarly journals Front-of-pack (FOP) labelling systems to improve the quality of nutrition information to prevent obesity: NutrInform Battery vs Nutri-Score

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele O. Carruba ◽  
Antonio Caretto ◽  
Antonino De Lorenzo ◽  
Giuseppe Fatati ◽  
Andrea Ghiselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Nutrition Information ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Score System ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Many systems for classifying food products to adequately predict lower all-cause morbidity and mortality have been proposed as front-of-pack (FOP) nutritional labels. Although the efforts and advances that these systems represent for public health must be appreciated, as scientists involved in nutrition research and belonging to diverse Italian nutrition scientific societies, we would like to draw stakeholders’ attention to the fact that some FOP labels risk being not correctly informative to consumers’ awareness of nutritional food quality. The European Commission has explicitly called for such a nutrition information system to be part of the European “strategy on nutrition, overweight and obesity-related issues” to “facilitate consumer understanding of the contribution or importance of the food to the energy and nutrient content of a diet”. Some European countries have adopted the popular French proposal Nutri-Score. However, many critical limits and inadequacies have been identified in this system. As an alternative, we endorse a new enriched informative label—the NutrInform Battery—promoted by the Italian Ministry of Health and deeply studied by the Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University. Therefore, the present position paper limits comparing these two FOP nutritional labels, focusing on the evidence suggesting that the NutrInform Battery can help consumers better than the Nutri-Score system to understand nutritional information, potentially improving dietary choices. Level of evidence II. Evidence was obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BEBERAPA UNSUR KIMIA KOMPOS Azolla mycrophylla

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-5
Author(s):  
Sri Utami Lestari ◽  
Muryanto Muryanto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Part

The most consumed part of the plants is the leaf part so that the fertilizer provided should contain high nitrogen (N). The nature of the N fertilizer is volatile and when the rainy season there can be washing.  When plants deficienci nutrients shows symtoms of yellowing leaves so that the application of N fertilizer to the plant must remain unfulfilled.  Azolla is a usable alternative.  Azolla has a high N nutrient content because it is symbiotic with anabaena in binding to free nitrogen in the air.             The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition (pH,N,P,K) Azolla mycrophylla.  The experiment was conducted experimentally with the first stage of composting azolla after it was done chemical analysis in the laboratory.  The result of this research can be concluded that chemical analysis of Azolla mycrophylla cpmpost is as follows :pH 7,17, N 2,57%, P 0,34%, K 0,03%.  

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN Eucheuma cottonii DAN Sargassum sp. TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA, AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SERTA SIFAT SENSORI SELAI UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas Poir)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Umi Kalsum ◽  
Asnani Asnani ◽  
Kobajashi Togo Isamu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

The effect of addition of Eucheuma cotttonii and Sargassum sp. on chemical composition, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of purple sweet potato jam (Ipomoea batatas Poir) ABSTRACT         This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of Eucheuma cottonii and Sargassum sp. on chemical composition, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of purple sweet potato jam. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments using the combination of Sargassum sp., E. cottonii and purple sweet potatoes respectively: 45: 5: 50% (S1), 40: 10: 50% (S2), 35 : 15 : 50 % (S3), 30 : 20 : 50% (S4) and repeat three times. The results of the research obtained showed a real effect on sensory values which included color, aroma, and texture. The test results of the chemical content of jam showed water content between 27.62 %, ash content 1.59 %, crude fiber 1.44 % and carbohydrates 88.96 %. The test results of antioxidant content with percentage inhibitor (IC50) that is 337.81 μg / mL respectively. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence on the content of water content, ash, crude fiber, total carbohydrates and antioxidant content present in the purple sweet potato jam in each treatment.Keywords: Eucheuma cottonii, Ipomoea batatas, chemical composition and antioxidants, Sargassum sp., Jam, Sensory test ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan rumput laut jenis Eucheuma cottonii dan Sargassum sp. terhadap komposisi kimia, aktivitas antioksidan dan sifat sensori selai ubi jalar ungu. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari  empat perlakuan kombinasi penggunaan Sargassum sp., E. cottonii dan ubi jalar ungu, yaitu berturut-turut: 45: 5: 50 % (S1), 40: 10: 50 % (S2), 35: 15: 50 % (S3), serta 30: 20: 50 % (S4), ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai sensori yang meliputi warna, aroma dan tekstur. Hasil uji kandungan kimia selai menunjukkan kadar air 27,62 %, kadar abu 1,59%, serat kasar 1,44 % dan karbohidrat 88,96 %. Hasil uji kandungan antioksidan dengan nilai persentase penghambat (IC50) yaitu 337,81 g/mL. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh terhadap kandungan kadar air, abu, serat kasar, karbohidrat total dan kandungan antioksidan yang ada pada selai ubi jalar ungu pada setiap perlakuan.Kata kunci: Eucheuma cottonii, Ipomoea batatas Poir, komposisi kimia dan antioksidan, Sargassum sp., Selai, uji sensori.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis of Kijing Taiwan Carcass (Anodonta woodiana) in Wet and Dry Forms

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurrahmi I Saiful ◽  
Cyska Lumenta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Anodonta Woodiana

Field practice activities conducted in laboratory incluiding the process of carcass removal from its shells was done in the Laboratory of Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology, and also analysis of Kijing Taiwan carcass chemical composition was done in the Research and Industrial Standardization Institute of Manado. The purpose of field practice are: Analyzing the Proximate composition, Vitamin C, Calcium, and Energy of Kijing Taiwan carcass taiwan in wet and dry form. Providing scientific information about the nutrient content of Kijing Taiwan in wet and dry form. Acquire skills in operating the Proximate instruments of Vitamin C, Calcium, and Energy in the laboratory. Based on the results of the Kijing Taiwan (Anodonta woodiana) carcass proximate analysis  in wet form, the data showed, 11.59% of protein, 80.66% of water, 0.26% of fat, 3.06% of ash, 0.23% of crude fiber, 4.20% of carbohydrate, 65.5 kcal of energy, 0.59% of calcium, 3.86 mg/100 g of Vitamin C. While the dry form of the data showed, 54.84% of protein, 12.18% of water, 4.08% of fat, 14.92% of ash, 0.53% of crude fiber, 13.45% of carbohydrates, 309.88 kcal of energy, 0.55% of calcium, 14.88% of vitamin C mg/100 g. Keywords: Carcass,  Anodonta woodiana, proximate analysis, vitamin C, calcium, and energy

Modeling the influence of chemical composition on compressive strength behavior of alkali-activated phosphorus slag cement using statistical design

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Mehdizadeh ◽  
Ebrahim Najafi Kani
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Statistical Experimental Design ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Strength Behavior ◽  
Optimum Chemical Composition ◽  
Optimum Chemical ◽  
Alkali Activated

In this study, a statistical experimental design based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied to predict and optimize the compressive strength of alkali-activated phosphorus slag in different ages (3, 7, and 28 days). For this purpose, the binder samples were prepared with different molar ratios of SiO2/Na2O (S/N), Na2O/Al2O3(Na/Al), and H2O/Al2O3(H/Al) as alkali activator. Results showed that S/N molar ratio plays its role in early ages of curing and Na/Al molar ratio, and showed its significant effect on 7 and 28 days of compressive strength. H/Al molar ratio had the most significant effect on compressive strength compared to the other parameters. The derived RSM models were statistically adequate and could be used to predict the compressive strength. The optimum chemical composition of activator to obtain the highest compressive strength was achieved as 0.39, 1.34, and 30 for S/N, Na/Al, and H/Al molar ratios, respectively, with compressive strength of 30, 65, and 100 MPa at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing.

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