Analysis of land carrying capacity and production factors of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Banggai Regency

This study aimed to determine the carrying capacity of land and production factors in the development of cocoa production in the Banggai Regency of Central Sulawesi. This research was conducted in 23 sub-districts of the Banggai Regency. Determination of respondents using cluster sampling method or grouping based on area or population location with 114 cocoa farmers. The research data were obtained from primary data, i.e., interviews, questionnaires. In contrast, secondary data were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, the Banggai Regency Agriculture Office, and the Center for Research and Development on Agricultural Land Resources. The variables analyzed include regional economics (used LQ and SSA), land carrying capacity (DDL), and the production factors were land area (X1), number of workers (X2), fertilizer costs (X3), and pesticide costs (X4). Thus, this study indicated the direction of land allocation based on the regional economy, land carrying capacity, and cocoa production factors. Overall, cocoa plants could be developed in the Banggai Regency with an area of 419,236.9 hectares. However, there was a need for sound land use data management and intensive cocoa cultivation assistance to increase comparative and competitive human resources and improve the economy for the welfare of the cocoa farming community in the Banggai Regency.

Socio-economic conditions of small-scale traditional fishermen: a case study in Payum Village, Merauke District, Papua, Indonesia

Fishermen in Payum Village are still classified as small-scale traditional fishermen and live in the coastal area of ​​Merauke Regency. Their lives depend on the season of fish and shrimp, which causes uncertain income. This study aimed to identify the socio-economic conditions and welfare of local fishermen and non-local fishermen communities in Payum Village, Merauke Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive analysis method supported by an analysis of costs, income, and community welfare. The analysis of the social aspects of the education sector of fishermen's families included in family dependents above 70% follow compulsory education, i.e., elementary, junior, and senior high school as well. The health sector of the fishermen receives services from the community health centers (Puskesmas) with free health costs for first aid if they are getting sick. While the economic aspect, for the capital used in human capital and simple fishing gear in dragnets. The income of local fishermen from capture fisheries and shrimp per month is IDR 6,268,991/month and the income of non-local fishermen per year per month is IDR 5,340,403/month. The fishermen's welfare level results using the Fisherman's Exchange Rate (FER) analysis obtained FER values ​​>1, where the FER results for local fishermen were 1.13 and non-local fishermen were 1.48. The study reveals that the level of life of local fishermen and non-local fishermen of coastal Payum, Merauke Regency is at a pretty good level of welfare and can save money.

Inventory of refugia plants potentially medicinal in the agricultural area of Plandaan Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, East Java Province

Agricultural and plantation areas dominate the Plandaan subdistrict, so the majority of the livelihoods of its residents are engaged in agriculture. In practice, in addition to using pesticides, crop pest control in the Plandaan subdistrict is to make use of refugia plants. The refugia technique is economical and environmentally friendly because it does not use synthetic chemicals that damage the environment. In addition to acting as natural pest control, refugia plants are also known to have potential as medicines. This study aimed to inventory or collect medicinal plants refugia in the agricultural area of ​​the Plandaan subdistrict. This study used descriptive explorative methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and directly documenting species of refugia plants with potential drugs found in the area of observation plots. In this study, the subject was a potentially medicinal refugia plant found on an observational plot with a plot size of 10 × 10 meters. The observations were three plots of agriculture fields and three plots of telajakan (open space). The frequency of refugia plants found from the study on the plot of agriculture fields as many as 1035 plants, while in the plot of telajakan as many as 1007 plants consisting of 37 types of species that each has different medicinal potentials, such as heat and fever lowering, treating cough, flu, skin diseases, and wounds. Agriculture field plots had more frequency of potentially medicinal refugia plants than telajakan plots.

Working posture analysis on oyster mushroom farmers using OWAS method in Lempake, Samarinda, East Kalimantan

A preliminary survey showed that oyster mushroom farmers in Lempake Samarinda experienced pain in several body segments, especially at their waist. It may be attributable to the working condition that requires non-ergonomic postures such as frequent awkward posture in sitting or standing position. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the working posture in oyster mushroom farmers. Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) method was applied to measure the risk level of farmers' working posture. A total of ten activities were observed from the oyster mushroom cultivations' process in four cultivations in Lempake, Samarinda, Indonesia. Each activity was assessed using the OWAS category based on the position of the back, arms, legs, and load. The result showed that 10% of farmers' working posture was classified in the 4th risk level category, categorized as highly dangerous for the musculoskeletal system, so direct improvement was needed. Furthermore, 10% of working postures were classified in the 3rd risk level category, and 60% of working posture was in the 2nd risk level category, which is categorized as dangerous for the musculoskeletal system and could cause significant tension so that improvement in the future as needed. On the other hand, 20% of working posture was classified in the 1st category which was safe for the musculoskeletal system

Perilaku konsumsi masyarakat terhadap pangan berbahan dasar sagu di Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Riau Province makes sago (Metroxylon sp) one of the alternative sources of gluten-free food. Sago has been processed into food ingredients ranging from traditional with local wisdom approaches to modern. The processing of sago was recorded to produce hundreds of food menu creations. However, from various kinds of processed foods made from sago, this is still constrained by the low level of consumption of sago-based foods. It is presumably because the community still has many food sources as a substitute for rice, such as cassava, corn, and others. If viewed from the potential of raw materials for sago owned by Riau Province, sago can be the primary source of food diversification, one of the steps to reduce dependence on the primary carbohydrate source obtained from rice. Therefore, analysis is needed to determine what factors influence a consumer's decision to consume food products made from sago. The method used in this study was a survey method by accidental random sampling. The research model used was a logistic regression model. The survey location was performed in Pekanbaru as the capital city of Riau Province. Testing on the significance of the model was carried out using the Likelihood Ratio Test and the Wald Test. The results showed that the processed sago that consumers often consume was sago noodles (54%). As a local food, the sago was determined mainly by the processed and the price of sago. Therefore, to maintain the sustainability of sago, the government needs to play a role.

Monitoring of maize root growth on N, P, and K fertilization using rhizotron

Maize roots will show varying growth responses to the type of fertilizer given. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N, P, and K fertilizers on the growth of maize roots and the function of the relationship between root dry weight and shoot dry weight of maize under rizhotron. The research was conducted in April - June 2019 at the screen house and Plant Laboratory, Politeknik Lamandau in Lamandau Regency. The research was conducted in rizhotron's growth medium which was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a fertilizer treatment consisting of urea (N = 200 kg ha-1), SP36 (P = 100 kg ha-1), KCl (K = 100 kg ha-1), and control (without fertilizer) with three replications. The results showed that N fertilizer was able to provide better root dry weight growth compared to P and K fertilizer, namely 2.59 g. Root dry weight has a significant effect on plant dry weight gain based on the function of y = 4.10x + 0.06 (R2 = 0.96 **).

Growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.) in the red-yellow podzolic soils as inoculated by earthworms Pontoscolex corethrurus

In this study, the inoculation effect of earthworms Pontoscolex corethrurus on celery growth (Apium graveolens L.) has been carried out in red-yellow podzolic (RYP) soils. The research studied in a pot experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 (six) treatments and 3 (three) replications. One-pot consists of 4 (four) plants. The treatments carried out were as follows: I0 (without inoculum of earthworm), I1 (inoculum of 5 earthworms pot-1), I2 (inoculum of 10 earthworms pot-1), I3 (inoculum of 15 earthworms pot-1), I4 (inoculum of 10 earthworms pot-1) and I5 (inoculum of 25 earthworms pot-1). Observation parameters were the number of tillers clumps-1, fresh biomass clumps-1 (g clump-1), and root volume (mL). The observations were statistically analyzed using variance (one-way ANOVA) and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a level of 5%. Treatment I5 gave the best results on celery crop in all parameters, i.e., 20.33 tillers per hill; fresh biomass per clump 113.93 g; and a root volume of 10 mL. The results showed that earthworms' inoculation into RYP soils significantly affected all parameters. There was also an increase in pH in each treatment that was inoculated with earthworms.

Effect of exopolysaccharide-producing Azotobacter and cow manure on nutrient uptake and root-to-shoot ratio of sorghum

Nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter synthesizes exopolysaccharide, which is important among other to improve aggregate stability and hence nutrients uptake. A pot experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of exopolysaccharide-producing Azotobacter and organic matter on nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium uptake by the shoot of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and plant growth. The pot experiment was setup in randomized block design which test eight combination treatments of Azotobacter isolates (AS5, AS6, and AS5 + AS6) and organic matter application (with and without 20 t ha-1 of cow manure). The result showed dual inoculation of Azotobacter AS5 and AS6 inoculation combined with cow manure application increased N and P uptake. The dual inoculation treatment did not affect root length; but increased the shoot height and dry weight when accompanied by the application of cow manure. The ratio of root and shoot dry weight was not influenced by single or dual Azotobacter inoculation with or without organic matter.

Perbandingan tumpukan beras Bulog terhadap populasi kutu beras (Sitophilus oryzae L.) dan mutu beras selama masa simpan di Kabupaten Jayawijaya

This study was aimed to find out the effect of rice pile on pest population and the quality of rice during storage; find out which pile of Bulog rice produces the populations of Rice Weevil pest the most during storage; find out which pile of Bulog rice that produces the best quality during storage. This research was conducted in the laboratory of STIPER Petra Baliem Wamena and the Faculty of Agricultural, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. The observation was done in 1 year, from March 2019 to March 2020. The materials and tools used are Bulog rice, rice weevil pest, cartons, plastics, digital scales, stationary, and oven. The research method applies a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments are G1: 15 Bulog rice pile; G2: 20 Bulog rice pile; G3: 25 Bulog rice pile. The results showed that: 1) The rice pile affected the pest population and the quality of rice during storage; 2) G3 condition produced more rice weevil population than others; 3) G1 condition produced the highest final weight of rice, the lowest broken rice, the highest intact rice, the lowest water content, and ash content, and the highest fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content.

Pembuatan nata de cassava dari limbah cair tapioka dengan menggunakan sumber nitrogen alami yang berbeda

Liquid waste from processing cassava into tapioca starch is carbohydrate-rich waste and can be used as a growth medium for the Acetobacter xylinum, which is useful in producing one of the fermentation products, i.e. nata. Several factors influence the production of nata, one of them is the addition of nutrients in the form of nitrogen in the fermentation medium. The nitrogen source used is usually from inorganic fertilizers, such as urea and ammonium sulfate. In this study, fermentation of tapioca starch wastewater was developed, using a natural sources of nitrogen derived from soybean and green bean sprouts extract. Nata was made by treating various concentrations of soybean and green bean sprouts extract (3%, 4%, 5%) and fermentation time (6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days and 10 days). The characteristics of the nata product were seen from the thickness and yield of the nata. The nata de cassava product's optimum results were tested for thickness, yield, and moisture content. The results showed that the best type of natural nitrogen source was soybean sprouts extract 5%, fermentation time of 10 days with a thickness of 0.55 cm, the water content of 97.58%, and yield of 63.09%