Detection of Coliforms in Drinking Water and its Effect on Human Health - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Pal
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Public Health Protection

The coliform group has been used extensively as an indicator of water quality and has historically led to the public health protection concept. Total coliforms are a group of bacteria commonly found in the environment, for example in soil or vegetation, as well as the intestines of mammals, including humans. Total coliform bacteria are not likely to cause illness, but their presence indicates that the water supply may be vulnerable to contamination by more harmful microorganisms. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the only member of the total coliform group of bacteria that is found only in the intestines of mammals, including humans. The presence of E. coli in water indicates recent fecal contamination and may indicate the possible presence of disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Although most strains of E. coli bacteria are harmless, certain strains, such as E.coli 0157:H7, may cause illness. About 80 % of communicable diseases in the world are waterborne. According to WHO estimate about 80 % of water pollution in developing country, like India is carried by domestic waste. In India 70 % of the water is seriously polluted and 75 % of illness and 80 % of the child mortality is attributed to water pollution. The improper management of water systems may cause serious problems in availability and quality of water. The major pathogenic bacteria responsible for water borne disease are spread by the faeco-oral route, in which water may play an intermediate role. The aim of this review is to examine methods currently in use for the detection of coliforms in drinking water and also to evaluate the possible health hazards associated with drinking water contaminated with coliforms.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Underground Wells in Badra City, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 0560
Author(s):  
Kadhim Hashim Yaseen Al-Araji
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Advance Method ◽  
Pollution Detection ◽  
Private Wells ◽  
Positive Results

The quality of groundwater should be improved by keeping safe water sources from contaminants in protective way by doing regular measuring and checkup before it supplied for usage. Private Wells do not receive the same services that wells supplying the public do. Well owners are responsible for protecting their drinking water. This work was carried out in Badra city, Iraq from December 2017 to May 2018, six wells water were investigated to determine the general characteristics of wells as well as studying the effect of environmental factors on the quality of water. The average of six wells were eleven parameters that is out of permissible limits were EC, Sal., Alk., TH, TDS, Na, Ca, Cl, SO4, Fe, Zn (4402-5183 /cm, 2.76-3.9 ppt, 302-366mg/L, 3164-4248 mg/L, 604-675 mg/L, 375-524 mg/L, 635-871 mg/L, 631-1107 mg/L, 2430-4570 g/L, 114-392 g/L). Respectively, microbiological investigations involved the total coliform, total plate count, as well as the detection for the presence of E. coli, Salmonella and Cholera.  Results shows that there is a significant relation between the increasing of the TDS and Turbidity, TDS gives an indication for the significant increasing of chemical ions. Wells number 3, 4 and 5 showed gave positive results for E.coli growth which as a source of microbial pollution. Detection for the presence of chemical and microbial contaminate is an important alarm since this water has a direct effect on the human and animal's health. Advance method of rapid detection for the well water quality is highly recommended to avoid any health issue and prevent the outbreak of health risk and ecological contaminants.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

scholarly journals Metallic and Microbial Contaminants in Drinking Water of Cankiri, Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 608-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emrah Caylak ◽  
Mustafa Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Sewage Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Safe and good quality drinking water is very important for human health. Water provides some heavy metals, such as As, B, Cd, Cn, Cr, Cu, F, Cl, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, and Sn. These are undesirable substances dangerous to human health and cause chronic diseases and various cancers. Coliform bacteria are a commonly used bacterial indicator of sanitary quality of water.E. coli, total coliform and enterococci have been used as indicators of possible sewage contamination might pose a health risk. In this study, water samples were taken from thirty different waterworks in Cankiri, Turkey and metallic and microbial contaminants were investigated. In the drinking tap water samples have been found at concentrations exceeding the Turkish regulations (As and free Cl) and the WHO guidelines (As and B). Our results also indicate that significant microbiological contaminations were found above the guidelines for drinking waters given by the WHO, because of the fact that in the distribution of water is not appropriate.

scholarly journals Assessment of microbial quality of water in popular restaurants in Sylhet city of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Sarker ◽  
Sharmista Dash ◽  
Md Mozammel Hoque ◽  
Sultan Ahmed ◽  
Md Rayhan Shaheb
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Great Chance ◽  
Quality Of Water

Microbial contaminations of drinking water constitute a major burden on human health. Interventions to improve the quality of drinking-water provide significant benefits to health. An assessment of microbial quality of water in the samples obtained from different popular restaurants of Sylhet City Corporation, Bangladesh were analyzed in the laboratory. Our aims were to find out the microbial properties of water, to analyze the potable water qualities of the restaurants and also to compare it with different standards to assess the health risk of people. The microbial tests viz. MPN, TVC and total coliform test were studied. Results revealed that all the water samples were fecal contaminated and had a great chance of contamination by other pathogenic bacteria. Results indicated that most of the samples were significantly positive to MPN test and TVC bacteria were highly significant. The risk score for coliform bacteria also remarked high risk for human health according to WHO standards and were not suitable as potable water. Our recommendations are therefore, water supply authority including restaurant owners should take necessary steps for the maintenance of microbial quality of water and microbial assessments should be done very often to leading a hygienic water distribution environment of the city.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 115-125, March 2016

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Drinking Water in Guadalajara, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Rubino ◽  
Yahaira Corona ◽  
José Guadalupe Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Charlotte Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chlorine Residual ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Access To Water

In many regions where drinking water supply is intermittent and unreliable, households adapt by storing water in cisterns or rooftop tanks. Both intermittent supply and stored water can be vulnerable to contamination by microorganisms with deleterious health effects. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area is a rapidly growing urban center with over five million residents where household storage is nearly ubiquitous. This pilot study was conducted in July 2018 to examine the microbiological quality of drinking water in Guadalajara. Samples were tested for free available chlorine residual, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli. A survey on access to water and public perspectives was also conducted. Water exiting rooftop tanks exceeded regulatory limits for total coliform levels in half of the homes studied. Piped water arriving at two homes had total coliform levels that far exceeded regulatory limits. No E. coli were detected in any of the samples. Only 35% of homes had a chlorine residual between the recommended 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L. Many homes reported unpleasant odors and colors. Only 7% of residents drank the piped water. Future studies are needed, especially during April and May when many homes reported a higher disruption to water service.

scholarly journals Assessment of microbial contamination of drinking water with total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the Bitola region

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Marta Nedelkova ◽  
Angela Delova ◽  
Tanja Petreska Ivanovska ◽  
Zoran Zhivikj ◽  
Lidija Petrushevska-Tozi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria

The aim of this paper is to analyze the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total coliform bacteria (CB) in the drinking water of urban and rural areas of the Bitola region, as indicators for water quality and safety. All water in urban area is chlorinated, while at the same time the water in rural areas is non-chlorinated. The samples were analyzed according to the international standard method of membrane filtration MKC EN ISO 9308-1:2015. In all examined samples of drinking water in urban area, presence of E. coli and CB was not detected as a result of the disinfection of the water. On contrary, in all tested samples of the water from the rural water supply, presence of E. coli and CB was confirmed. Significant increase in coliform bacterial counts probably weather-related was found in the period from April to September. In addition, in the third quarter including July, August, and September, in many measurements, E. coli as an indicator of faecal contamination was identified in drinking water. In accordance with these findings and in order to provide safe drinking water, it is necessary to modernize the water supply for the population in rural areas, to disinfect permanently the drinking water and to apply regular laboratory controls which are a basic pre-condition. Otherwise, inappropriate management of the water systems can cause serious decrease in the quality and safety of the drinking water associated with an increased risk of appearance of the infectious diseases in people and hydric epidemic. Key words: drinking water, Escherichia coli, coliform bacteria, membrane filtration

Comparative performance of colisureTM and accepted methods in the detection of chlorine-injured total coliforms and E. coli

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 259-261
Author(s):  
G. A. McFeters ◽  
S. C. Broadaway ◽  
B. H. Pyle ◽  
M. Pickett ◽  
Y. Egozy
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Studies were done to examine the comparability of ColisureTM and accepted reference methods to detect low numbers of total coliform bacteria and E. coli subjected to chlorine stress. ColisureTM is a medium designed to concurrently detect coliform bacteria and E. coli in drinking water by the specific action of β-galactosidase (total coliforms) and β-glucuronidase (E. coli). The methods used to compare the performance of various media followed a protocol established by the USEPA. Samples (31) of sewage from six different regions of the US were treated with sufficient concentrations of chlorine (1.2-2.5mg/l) to reduce viability 1-3 logs (39% average injury) and diluted with drinking water to achieve ca. 3 viable coliforms/100ml. The mean log reductions in viable bacteria, determined with various media following disinfection of the 31 samples were: mEndo = 1.87 (TC), ColisureTM = 1.55 (TC), mTec = 3.63 (E. coli) and ColisureTM = 2.01 (E. coli). When ColisureTM was compared with accepted methods to detect total coliforms in the dilute, disinfected samples, ColisureTM yielded results that were 1.6 times greater than LTB confirmed in BGLB at 28h. ColisureTM also detected 1.7 times greater levels of E. coli than LTB confirmed in EC/MUG at 28h. Sensitivity and specificity of ColisureTM were between 96 and 100% when positive and negative tests were verified. These findings indicate that ColisureTM is superior to certain accepted reference methods in the detection of chlorine-injured coliforms and E. coli under conditions that resemble contaminated drinking water.

scholarly journals Monitoring Number Of Colifom and Escherichia Coli on Drinking Water Refill as Pollution Bioindicator

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Hoetary Tirta Amallia
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
E Coli

One of the very needed natural resources on our planet is water. A total of 70% of the Earth's surface is water utilized for human development such as drinking, irrigation and cultivating fish. Contaminated water will have a bad effect on all living creatures and their environment [7]. Sources of water pollution can be derived from manusi stool containing coliform bacteria. The research purposes will be monitoring colifom number and Escherichia coli on some samples of drinking water as a bioindicator of drinking water pollution considering the higher the population consuming drinking water refill. This resource is pure resource experiment that use design of resource descriptive analitic. The data obtained will be displayed in the frequency distribution table to see the figure of coliform and E.coli in refill drinking water. From the results of this study, of 20 samples of drinking water refill there were 14 unqualified samples where the coliform figures exceeded quality standards. And 5 positive samples of E. Coli bacteria

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