scholarly journals Barriers to IPM adoption for insect pests in New Zealand pastures

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mansfield ◽  
Colin M. Ferguson ◽  
Toni White ◽  
Scott Hardwick ◽  
Sean D.G. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Current Management ◽  
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New Zealand’s pastoral sector faces significant challenges to pest management as long-standing insecticides are deregistered. To protect their pastures, farmers need to shift from reactive responses that lead to poor economic outcomes to pre-emptive responses that are viable in the long term. Current management practices (insecticides, endophytes, biological control) for New Zealand’s pasture insect pests were assessed from the perspective of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Potential impacts from novel control strategies and emerging digital technologies were evaluated to determine how these could improve pest management. Cryptic IPM is present within the New Zealand pastoral sector: that is, farmers practise various elements of IPM but these elements are not integrated into a cohesive system, so farmers often fail to recognise pest impacts until significant economic losses have occurred. We identified important networks by which farmers, industry and researchers communicate and share information, and can develop strategies to raise awareness of IPM. To encourage adoption, farmers need to feel ownership of pasture IPM. Investment in IPM training for farmers through industry extension networks is essential to prepare farmers for the shift away from chemical insecticides to new biologically based control methods. Adoption of IPM will help pastoralists respond to current and new pest challenges.

scholarly journals Rural Farmers’ Perceptions, Knowledge and Management of Insect Pests of Fruit Vegetables in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladele Abiodun Olaniran ◽  
Samuel Adelani Babarinde ◽  
Adeola Foluke Odewole ◽  
Peter Ademola Aremu ◽  
Kehinde Popoola
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Age Category ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Surveys were carried out in five local government areas of Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone Nigeria during planting season in 2010 to investigate rural farmers perceptions and management practices of insect pests of fruit vegetables. The survey involved 150 randomly selected farmers who were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Fruit vegetables planted by the farmers were okra, tomatoes, pepper and garden egg. Reasons given by farmers for cultivating fruit vegetables were significantly favored by age category, educational qualification, and secondary occupation of farmers (x2 = 4.757, P = 0.029). Field insect pests were perceived as the major production constraint to fruit vegetables in this zone. Majority of the farmer estimated 78.4 % rated insect pest as the most serious pest infesting fruit vegetables, the insect pests were grasshopper (Orthoptera), beetles (Coleoptera) and caterpillar (Lepidoptera). Integrated pest management module consisted basically of chemical and cultural control strategies, with weeding, shifting cultivation and crop rotation as main cultural control methods. More than 76.7 % of the farmers make use of cultural control because of unavailability and cost of chemical insecticides. Only 23.3 % had access to chemical insecticides in controlling insect pest of fruit vegetables.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WEEDS IN A PERENNIAL CROP:THE EXAMPLE OF CRANBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1163g-1163
Author(s):  
M.J. Else
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Over Time

In Integrated Pest Management (IPM), the costs of a control measure are compared to the potential for economic losses caused by a pest, with control measures being recommended only when expected costs of losses exceed costs of control. IPM models have been developed largely for insect pests, which multiply rapidly and for which timely population assessments are thus essential. Weed pests, on the other hand, multiply slowly. In the case of perennial crops, weeds may not reach populations sufficient to warrant control under conventional IPM criteria for many years. It is proposed that IPM concepts be adapted to weedy pests of perennial crops by creating models in which the long-term costs and consequences of both weeds and weed control measures are considered. These models would take into account expected increases in control costs and decreases in effectiveness of control measures over time and as a consequence consider some weeds to have effective thresholds at or near zero.

scholarly journals Florida Crop/Pest Management Profile: Aquatic Weeds

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mossler ◽  
Kenneth A. Langeland
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Crop Pest

PI-138, a 9-page fact sheet by Mark A. Mossler and Ken A. Langeland, profiles the extent of the aquatic weed infestations in Florida and current management practices and activities. Includes profiles of category I invasive plants, control methods, key contacts, and references. Published by the UF Pesticide Information Office, December 2006.

scholarly journals Conserving carnivorous arthropods: an example from early-season cranberry (Ericaceae) flooding

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
J. van Zoeren ◽  
C. Guédot ◽  
S.A. Steffan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Insecticide Application ◽  
Insecticide Spray

AbstractBiological control plays an important role in many integrated pest management programmes, but can be disrupted by other control strategies, including chemical and cultural controls. In commercial cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton; Ericaceae) production, a spring flood can replace an insecticide application, providing an opportunity to study the compatibility of the flood (a cultural control) with biological control. We suspect that chemical controls will tend to reduce the number of natural enemies, while the flood, through removal of detritus and detritivores, may cause generalist predators to prey-switch to consume proportionally more pest individuals. We measured the abundance of herbivores (Lepidoptera), detritivores, Arachnida, and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) every week for six weeks in Wisconsin (United States of America) cranberry beds following either an insecticide spray or a cultural control flood. We found that detritivore populations rapidly declined in both flood and spray treatments; conversely, carnivore populations (spiders and parasitoids) were more abundant in the flooded beds than in sprayed beds. Populations of key cranberry pests were similar between flooded and sprayed beds. Our results showed that early-season flooding preserved more natural enemies than an insecticide application. This increase in natural enemy abundance after the flood may allow for greater continuity in herbivore suppression, potentially providing a basis for long-term cranberry pest management.

Anticipating the consequences of climate change for Canada’s boreal forest ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Price ◽  
R.I. Alfaro ◽  
K.J. Brown ◽  
M.D. Flannigan ◽  
R.A. Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Future Global Warming

Canadian boreal woodlands and forests cover approximately 3.09 × 106 km2, located within a larger boreal zone characterized by cool summers and long cold winters. Warming since the 1850s, increases in annual mean temperature of at least 2 °C between 2000 and 2050 are highly probable. Annual mean temperatures across the Canadian boreal zone could be 4–5 °C warmer than today’s by 2100. All aspects of boreal forest ecosystem function are likely to be affected. Further, several potential “tipping elements” — where exposure to increasing changes in climate may trigger distinct shifts in ecosystem state — can be identified across the Canadian boreal zone. Approximately 40% of the forested area is underlain by permafrost, some of which is already degrading irreversibly, triggering a process of forest decline and re-establishment lasting several decades, while also releasing significant quantities of greenhouse gases that will amplify the future global warming trend. Warmer temperatures coupled with significant changes in the distribution and timing of annual precipitation are likely to cause serious tree-killing droughts in the west; east of the Great Lakes, however, where precipitation is generally nonlimiting, warming coupled with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide may stimulate higher forest productivity. Large wildfires, which can cause serious economic losses, are expected to become more frequent, but increases in mean annual area burned will be relatively gradual. The most immediate threats could come from endemic forest insect pests that have the potential for population outbreaks in response to relatively small temperature increases. Quantifying the multiple effects of climate change will be challenging, particularly because there are great uncertainties attached to possible interactions among them, as well as with other land-use pressures. Considerable ingenuity will be needed from forest managers and scientists to address the formidable challenges posed by climate change to boreal ecosystems and develop effective strategies to adapt sustainable forest management practices to the impending changes.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Carbon Dioxide, and Pest Biology, Managing the Future: Coffee as a Case Study

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Ziska ◽  
Bethany Bradley ◽  
Rebekah Wallace ◽  
Charles Bargeron ◽  
Joseph LaForest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Distribution Mapping ◽  
Projected Changes

The challenge of maintaining sufficient food, feed, fiber, and forests, for a projected end of century population of between 9–10 billion in the context of a climate averaging 2–4 °C warmer, is a global imperative. However, climate change is likely to alter the geographic ranges and impacts for a variety of insect pests, plant pathogens, and weeds, and the consequences for managed systems, particularly agriculture, remain uncertain. That uncertainty is related, in part, to whether pest management practices (e.g., biological, chemical, cultural, etc.) can adapt to climate/CO2 induced changes in pest biology to minimize potential loss. The ongoing and projected changes in CO2, environment, managed plant systems, and pest interactions, necessitates an assessment of current management practices and, if warranted, development of viable alternative strategies to counter damage from invasive alien species and evolving native pest populations. We provide an overview of the interactions regarding pest biology and climate/CO2; assess these interactions currently using coffee as a case study; identify the potential vulnerabilities regarding future pest impacts; and discuss possible adaptive strategies, including early detection and rapid response via EDDMapS (Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System), and integrated pest management (IPM), as adaptive means to improve monitoring pest movements and minimizing biotic losses while improving the efficacy of pest control.

scholarly journals Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David William Hagstrum ◽  
Paul Whitney Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
And Control

Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.

scholarly journals Efficiency of entomopathogenic nematodes on chamomile smooth beetle Olibrus aeneus and chamomile stem weevil Microplontus rugulosus under greenhouse conditions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil El-Wakeil ◽  
Nawal Gaafar ◽  
Abdellah Abdel-Moniem ◽  
Christa Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
Adequate Management

Chamomile Matricaria recutita (L) is an ancient healing plant; it is used for a sore stomach, a mild laxative, anti-inflammatory and a gentle sleep aid. Chamomile plants are infected by many insect pests. The flower heads are infested by chamomile smooth beetle Olibrus aeneus (Fabricius 1792). The dangerous insect is infestation with chamomile stem-weevil Microplontus rugulosus (Autumn 1795). Their infestations lead to a high reduction in chamomile yield. This work aimed to determine the adequate management strategies of Microplontus rugulosus and Olibrus aeneus, especially using entomopathogenic nematodes. Management of chamomile insects was conducted on plants moved from field to greenhouse using entomopathogenic nematodes; while the control plants were sprayed only with water. The efficiency of three types of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) was evaluated; each strain replicated 3 times; each was 50 chamomile plants (totally is 150 for each strain). Three treatment dates were carried out in May, June and July; the first one was mainly for controlling stem weevil, while the other two dates were for smooth beetle. Steinernema carpocapsae had more efficiency than S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The lived larvae were higher in the untreated than treated plants. EPNS could be one of the most effective management strategies to control such insects to keep the environment clean and should be one of the suitable control strategies for integrated insect management practices which would be developed with the ecological requirements of insects in different chamomile fields.

scholarly journals Farmers Status, Knowledge & Management Practices on Major Chickpea Insect Pests in Some Selected Zones of Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarekegn Fite ◽  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Mulugeta Negeri ◽  
Mulugeta Negeri ◽  
Hirpa Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Development Agents

Survey were undertaken in five zones of Oromiya and Amhara regional states, Ethiopia from February to March 2018 to investigate farmers’ status, knowledge, major chickpea production constraints and insect pest management practices of chickpea. The survey involved 293 randomly taken farmers, who are interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Chickpea insect pests were considered as the main, among production constraints of chickpea by most of the interviewed farmers in Ethiopia. The majority of the farmers’ responded that Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most prevalent insect pests of chickpea under field condition and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in storage. Development Agents (DAs) were the top pest advisory service providers in the current study. A conventional insecticide (namely; Lambda-cyhalotrin and Dimethoate) for the control of H. armigera was the most commonly used pest management methods. Moreover, Two times insecticide applications per cropping season were the most frequent, deployed by most of the interviewed farmers followed by cultural pest management practices. Use of biological control and resistant chickpea varieties against major insect pests were low to negligible in the current survey study in the area. The majority of the farmers began control decision when H. armigera larval stages were smaller and they did not consider larval number per chickpea plant for the decision. These results will be used to formulate future effective and sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) in chickpea for Ethiopian farmers emphasizing ecologically and economically-based approaches.

scholarly journals Threats posed by Asian subterranean termites in the Fiji Islands and their potential controls: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravneel R. Chand ◽  
Anjeela D. Jokhan ◽  
Harshna Charan ◽  
Kushaal Raj ◽  
Priyatma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Subterranean Termites ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
Control And Management

Termites belong to the infraorder Isoptera, which contains almost 3,000 described species worldwide. These social insects cause substantial damage globally leading to billions of dollars of losses annually. Damage can occur to timber, wooden goods, paper, cotton, certain plastics, trees and many crops. Consequently, termite control and management is a major sector in the global pest-control industry. However, economic losses due to termite damage have not been quantified in the Fiji Islands to date. A review of published literature was conducted to assess the geographic range of Asian subterranean termites that occur in the Fiji Islands and to identify existing and potential control measures. The most common termite species that is known to cause millions of dollars of damage each year in the Fiji Islands is Coptotermes gestroi. This species is currently controlled primarily using the chemical fipronil but integrated termite management is the preferred long-term solution. Other possible control methods include physical, cultural, chemical and biological options.

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