Diversity and abundance of insect pest of   low land rice field in Lamahi, Dang district of Nepal

A study on diversity and abundance of insects in rice field was conducted at farmer field of Lamahi, Dang during July to October in 2019. Insects were collected using sweep net and light trap. Overall, 414 insect specimen representing 11 families and 8 orders were collected during the period. Grasshopper (23.98%) with including all species was the most abundance insect found in rice field as it followed by brown plant hopper (16.62%). Among the eight insect orders captured Orthoptera (29.16%) was the most abundance insect order followed by Homoptera (16.62%). As the diversity of insect pest in this area may responsible economic losses was found which will be useful to adapt appropriate management practices to keep them at normal area. The presence of natural enemies should conserve to enhance the natural biological control of insect pests.

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A Way Forward to Combat Insect Pest in Rice

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v25i1.55176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

MP Ali ◽

B Nessa ◽

MT Khatun ◽

MU Salam ◽

MS Kabir

Keyword(s):

Yield Loss ◽

Production Systems ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Brown Planthopper ◽

Mobile App ◽

Rice Production ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Pest Species ◽

Management Options

The damage caused by insect pest is the continual factor for the reduction of rice production. To date, 232 rice insect pest species are identified in Bangladesh and more than 100 species of insects are considered pests in rice production systems globally, but only about 20 - 33 species can cause significant economic loss. The major goal of this study is to explore all the possible ways of developed and proposed technologies for rice insect pests management and minimize economic losses. Insect pests cause 20% average yield loss in Asia where more than 90% of the world's rice is produced. In Bangladesh, outbreak of several insects such as rice hispa, leafroller, gallmidge, stem borers and brown planthopper (BPH) occurs as severe forms. Based on previous reports, yield loss can reach upto 62% in an outbreak situation due to hispa infestation. However, BPH can cause 44% yield loss in severe infestested field. To overcome the outbreaks in odd years and to keep the loss upto 5%, it is necessary to take some preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant variety, stop insecticide spraying at early establishment of rice, establish early warning and forecasting system, avoid cultivation of susceptible variety and following crop rotation. Subsequent quick management options such as insecticidal treatment for specific insect pest should also be broadcasted through variety of information systems. Advanced genomic tool can be used to develop genetically modified insect and plants for sustainable pest management. In addition, to stipulate farmers not use insecticides at early crop stgae and minimize general annualized loss, some interventions including training rice farmers, regular field monitoring, digitalization in correct insect pests identification and their management (example; BRRI rice doctor mobile app), and demonstration in farmers field. Each technology itself solely or combination of two or more or all the packages can combat the insect pests, save natural enemies, harvest expected yield and contribute to safe food production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 1-22, 2021

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Anticipating the consequences of climate change for Canada’s boreal forest ecosystems

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2013-0042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 322-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 235

Author(s):

David T. Price ◽

R.I. Alfaro ◽

K.J. Brown ◽

M.D. Flannigan ◽

R.A. Fleming ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Boreal Forest ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Warming Trend ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Boreal Zone ◽

Future Global Warming

Canadian boreal woodlands and forests cover approximately 3.09 × 106 km2, located within a larger boreal zone characterized by cool summers and long cold winters. Warming since the 1850s, increases in annual mean temperature of at least 2 °C between 2000 and 2050 are highly probable. Annual mean temperatures across the Canadian boreal zone could be 4–5 °C warmer than today’s by 2100. All aspects of boreal forest ecosystem function are likely to be affected. Further, several potential “tipping elements” — where exposure to increasing changes in climate may trigger distinct shifts in ecosystem state — can be identified across the Canadian boreal zone. Approximately 40% of the forested area is underlain by permafrost, some of which is already degrading irreversibly, triggering a process of forest decline and re-establishment lasting several decades, while also releasing significant quantities of greenhouse gases that will amplify the future global warming trend. Warmer temperatures coupled with significant changes in the distribution and timing of annual precipitation are likely to cause serious tree-killing droughts in the west; east of the Great Lakes, however, where precipitation is generally nonlimiting, warming coupled with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide may stimulate higher forest productivity. Large wildfires, which can cause serious economic losses, are expected to become more frequent, but increases in mean annual area burned will be relatively gradual. The most immediate threats could come from endemic forest insect pests that have the potential for population outbreaks in response to relatively small temperature increases. Quantifying the multiple effects of climate change will be challenging, particularly because there are great uncertainties attached to possible interactions among them, as well as with other land-use pressures. Considerable ingenuity will be needed from forest managers and scientists to address the formidable challenges posed by climate change to boreal ecosystems and develop effective strategies to adapt sustainable forest management practices to the impending changes.

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Rural Farmers’ Perceptions, Knowledge and Management of Insect Pests of Fruit Vegetables in Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone of Nigeria

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.25.18 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 18-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oladele Abiodun Olaniran ◽

Samuel Adelani Babarinde ◽

Adeola Foluke Odewole ◽

Peter Ademola Aremu ◽

Kehinde Popoola

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Cultural Control ◽

Control Methods ◽

Rural Farmers ◽

Planting Season ◽

Age Category ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Surveys were carried out in five local government areas of Ogbomoso Agricultural Zone Nigeria during planting season in 2010 to investigate rural farmers perceptions and management practices of insect pests of fruit vegetables. The survey involved 150 randomly selected farmers who were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Fruit vegetables planted by the farmers were okra, tomatoes, pepper and garden egg. Reasons given by farmers for cultivating fruit vegetables were significantly favored by age category, educational qualification, and secondary occupation of farmers (x2 = 4.757, P = 0.029). Field insect pests were perceived as the major production constraint to fruit vegetables in this zone. Majority of the farmer estimated 78.4 % rated insect pest as the most serious pest infesting fruit vegetables, the insect pests were grasshopper (Orthoptera), beetles (Coleoptera) and caterpillar (Lepidoptera). Integrated pest management module consisted basically of chemical and cultural control strategies, with weeding, shifting cultivation and crop rotation as main cultural control methods. More than 76.7 % of the farmers make use of cultural control because of unavailability and cost of chemical insecticides. Only 23.3 % had access to chemical insecticides in controlling insect pest of fruit vegetables.

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Short Communication: Incidence of insect pest on planted Shorea macrophylla at reforestation sites in Gunung Apeng National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d221154 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Mogeret Sidi ◽

Mohd Effendi Wasli ◽

Elfera Polly ◽

Aina Nadia Najwa Mohamad Jaffar ◽

Meekiong Kalu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Restoration ◽

National Park ◽

Short Communication ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Insect Order ◽

Enrichment Planting ◽

The Common

Abstract. Sidi MB, Wasli ME, Polly E, Jaffar ANNM, Kalu M, Sani H, Nahrawi H, Elias H, Omar D. 2021. Short Communication: Incidence of insect pest on planted Shorea macrophylla at reforestation sites in Gunung Apeng National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 5162-5168. Incidence of insect pest in Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P.S. Ashton had critical foliage damage in mono planting technique. The main objectives were to assess the foliage damage intensity of planted S. macrophylla by age stands and type of foliage damage. The insect pest attacks the foliage of S. macrophylla was determined. The study site was located at Gunung Apeng National Park (GANP), Sarawak, Malaysia, with planted S. macrophylla in enrichment planting at different years (planted in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 for age stand 6, 5, 4, and 3, respectively). The results showed that the degree of foliage damage decreases with the age stand of S. macrophylla tree. Therefore, foliage damage was suspected to be caused by insect pests. Among the common foliage damages observed was "hole damage" caused by insect order Lepidoptera. Although foliage damage was significant, the severity of the damage will "heal" as the age stand increases. Further investigation on other possible causes of these pest attacks should be initiated to find solutions that may hasten the growth of planted S. macrophylla for forest restoration.

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Forecasting Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval phenology in pigeonpea and chickpea crops using growing degree days

Journal of Agrometeorology ◽

10.54386/jam.v22i3.293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 320-331

Author(s):

B. KIRAN GANDHI ◽

S.K. SINGH ◽

KRISHNA KUMAR ◽

S. VENNILA ◽

Y. SRUJANA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Management Practices ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera

Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera is a serious insect pest of pigeonpea and chickpea crops, responsible for huge economic losses. Timely forecasting and subsequent sensible management practices of H. armigera would save the crops from economic damage. In the present study, H. armigera larval incidence data was recorded from sixteen pigeonpea and chickpea growing locations (Maharashtra, India) for three seasons (2015, 2016 and 2017). Observed accumulated GDD (from 40 SMW to 7 SMW) revealed, H. armigera completed one generation in 29 days to develop 4 generations across the locations and seasons. After accumulating 86GDD (40 SMW) and 62 GDD (43 SMW), larval ‘biofix’ (initial incidence of larvae) was started in pigeonpea and chickpea, respectively. Logistic regression model estimated accumulated GDD required by H. armigera larvae to reach ETL in pigeonpea (629 GDD) and chickpea (378 GDD), which was same as observed accumulated GDD. Statistical criteria viz., Adjusted r2, AIC and BIC projected logistic regression model as a better performer in most cases. The geographically unique models developed based on biofix and accumulated GDD in this study can be used for timely advisories and sustainable management of H. armigera in pigeonpea and chickpea crops after field validation.

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Barriers to IPM adoption for insect pests in New Zealand pastures

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2019.81.383 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah Mansfield ◽

Colin M. Ferguson ◽

Toni White ◽

Scott Hardwick ◽

Sean D.G. Marshall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Pest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Control Methods ◽

Current Management ◽

Share Information

New Zealand’s pastoral sector faces significant challenges to pest management as long-standing insecticides are deregistered. To protect their pastures, farmers need to shift from reactive responses that lead to poor economic outcomes to pre-emptive responses that are viable in the long term. Current management practices (insecticides, endophytes, biological control) for New Zealand’s pasture insect pests were assessed from the perspective of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Potential impacts from novel control strategies and emerging digital technologies were evaluated to determine how these could improve pest management. Cryptic IPM is present within the New Zealand pastoral sector: that is, farmers practise various elements of IPM but these elements are not integrated into a cohesive system, so farmers often fail to recognise pest impacts until significant economic losses have occurred. We identified important networks by which farmers, industry and researchers communicate and share information, and can develop strategies to raise awareness of IPM. To encourage adoption, farmers need to feel ownership of pasture IPM. Investment in IPM training for farmers through industry extension networks is essential to prepare farmers for the shift away from chemical insecticides to new biologically based control methods. Adoption of IPM will help pastoralists respond to current and new pest challenges.

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Farmers Status, Knowledge & Management Practices on Major Chickpea Insect Pests in Some Selected Zones of Ethiopia

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n1p31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tarekegn Fite ◽

Tadele Tefera ◽

Mulugeta Negeri ◽

Hirpa Legesse

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Service Providers ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Survey Study ◽

Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Production Constraints ◽

Development Agents

Survey were undertaken in five zones of Oromiya and Amhara regional states, Ethiopia from February to March 2018 to investigate farmers’ status, knowledge, major chickpea production constraints and insect pest management practices of chickpea. The survey involved 293 randomly taken farmers, who are interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Chickpea insect pests were considered as the main, among production constraints of chickpea by most of the interviewed farmers in Ethiopia. The majority of the farmers’ responded that Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most prevalent insect pests of chickpea under field condition and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in storage. Development Agents (DAs) were the top pest advisory service providers in the current study. A conventional insecticide (namely; Lambda-cyhalotrin and Dimethoate) for the control of H. armigera was the most commonly used pest management methods. Moreover, Two times insecticide applications per cropping season were the most frequent, deployed by most of the interviewed farmers followed by cultural pest management practices. Use of biological control and resistant chickpea varieties against major insect pests were low to negligible in the current survey study in the area. The majority of the farmers began control decision when H. armigera larval stages were smaller and they did not consider larval number per chickpea plant for the decision. These results will be used to formulate future effective and sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) in chickpea for Ethiopian farmers emphasizing ecologically and economically-based approaches.

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Seasonal diversity of entomofauna, their impact and management practices in tomato fields in Meru district, Tanzania

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.99.19680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (04) ◽

pp. 17952-17971

Author(s):

Gabriel Michael ◽

◽

AMS Nyomora ◽

EF Mvungi ◽

EM Sangu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Management Practices ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Leaf Miners ◽

Frequent Application

Tomato is a highly cultivated vegetable in Tanzania. The intensive tomato cultivation and production in Tanzania has resulted in high pests and diseases build-up. A survey to identify and quantify entomofauna diversity in different seasons and pest management practices in Meru District was conducted. In addition, a laboratory experiment was done to assess the effectiveness of commonly used pesticides SnowBecco (Thiamethoxam)and Belt (Flubendiamide) against two dominating insect pests, white flies (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889)) and leaf miner (Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917)), respectively. The results obtained revealed that, tomato fields in Meru District had significantly higher entomofauna build up during dry season than the rainy season (U0.05 (df, 24)= 45, p = 0.0441). More than 70% of all collected entomofauna were dominated by the whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and tomato leaf miners (Tuta absoluta) belonging to orders Hemiptera and Lepidoptera, respectively. It was also observed that, the common pesticides management practices were the use of pesticidal cocktail, broad spectrum insecticides, use of botanical pesticides, frequent application of pesticide and insecticides over dosage. Moreover, yield reduction due to whiteflies and tomato leaf miners infestation were observed in terms of reduced fruits number per plant (38 and 18.4%), fruit size (22.4 and 14.2%), and fruits weight per plant by 43.6 and 26.2%, for Bemisia tabaci and Tuta absoluta, respectively. The study showed that the recommended doses in both tested insecticides caused significant pest mortality (F0.05 (df, 19) = 4.367, p = 0.0199) and (F0.05(df, 19) = 4.761, p = 0.0147) for B. tabaci and T. absoluta, respectively, within a specified period of time. The results suggest that high insect pest infestations could be caused by factors other than development of insecticidal tolerance including inappropriate identification of insect pests due to lack of training, and inappropriate selection and application of insecticides. Consequently, frequent application of broad spectra insecticides not only increases production expenses but also disrupts agroecosystem by killing beneficial entomofauna and disrupting soil organisms that are susceptible to insecticide toxicity.

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Study of Insect Diversity in Rice Agroecosystem in Karawang West Java

Jurnal ILMU DASAR ◽

10.19184/jid.v19i1.5619 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Siti Latifatus Siriyah ◽

Miftakhul B.R. Khamid ◽

Fawzy M Bayfurqon

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Rice Field ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Light Trap ◽

Control Agent ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Insect Diversity ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

West Java

Insects were collected from rice fields in Karawang West Java. Since insects are dominant in Rice field, their role in the ecosystem are important regarding the rice production. Therefore, the occurance of insect species and their role in ecosystem are important to understand. The aim of this reasearch was to study the insect occurance in rice field in Karawang to obtain the potential candidate for biological control agent. The insects were collected using sweep net, pit fall trap and light trap. Nine insect orders were collected and 49 morphospecies were identified including insect pest, parasitoids, predator, tourist and detritivore. Paederus sp., Cyrtohinus and Micraspis sp., were the most abundant entomophagous insect that is potential candidate for biological control agent in Karawang. Keywords: insect, insect diversity, rice fields, karawang

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Biología de Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): plaga potencial de la palma de aceite en la zona pacífica colombiana

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol7_num2_art:76 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

William Tolosa ◽

Eduardo Amador Peña

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Management Practices ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Research Station ◽

La Palma ◽

Potential Pest ◽

Negative Impacts

En Colombia se han detectado diversas especies de insectos plaga que afectan la palma de aceite en las cuatro zonas geográficas en las cuales se encuentra establecido este cultivo permanente. Algunas prácticas de control no han sido las más adecuadas, lo que ha originado desequilibrios en los agroecosistemas que inciden sobre la entomofauna naturalmente asociada al cultivo, ocasionando el incremento de las poblaciones de insectos plaga ya conocidos y el surgimiento de especies desconocidas que, por sus hábitos alimenticios y reproductivos, deben considerarse como plagas potenciales. La aparición de Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) en la zona productora de Tumaco (Nariño) puede representar uno de esos casos, pues muestreos foliares efectuados durante 2005 en lotes de palma de aceite de seis años de edad plantados en la Estación Experimental El Mira de Corpoica, registraron poblaciones de hasta 4 larvas/hoja que superan la baja infestación previamente reportada de 1 larva/hoja. Este trabajo se realizó para establecer la biología y hábitos de Memphis sp. en la zona de Tumaco (Nariño) y aportar al conocimiento del ciclo de vida de este insecto. Biology of Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a potential pest of oil palm in the western Colombian coastIn Colombia several species of insect pest affect oil palm in each of the four geographical zones where it is planted. Some management practices have not been adequately performed and agroecosystem imbalances have resulted, with negative impacts on the natural entomofauna associated to this crop, causing increases of insect pests already present and given rise to potential new pests mainly because of their feeding and reproductive habits. The report of Memphis sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Tumaco (Nariño) could be such a case. Foliar surveys done on 2005 in six year old palms at the El Mira Research Station of Corpoica, reported populations of 4 larvae/leaf, an increase from the low lever infestation of 1 larvae/leaf previously reported. This study reports on the insect life cycle and the biology and habits of Memphis sp.

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