scholarly journals Changes in Plant Water Status, Biochemical Attributes and Seed Quality of Black Gram and Green Gram Genotypes under Drought

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Baroowa ◽  
N. Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Area Index

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses which adversely affect crop growth and production worldwide as water is vital for every aspect of plant growth and development. The present experiment was carried out during the growing seasons (September – December) of 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the response of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and green gram (Vigna radiata L.) in terms of some important growth indices, biochemical traits and seed quality under drought stress. Four commonly grown genotypes - T9, KU 301(black gram) and Pratap, SG 21-5 (green gram) of Assam, India were grown in a randomized block design with three replications under stress and non-stress conditions. Stress was applied by withholding irrigation for fifteen consecutive days at vegetative, flowering and pod filling stages. Leaf area index (LAI), seed protein content and protein yield significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.01) whereas proline, total flavonoids and anthocyanin content increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) in response to water deficiency. Among the studied genotypes, T9 and Pratap showed better tolerance capacity towards the applied drought by presenting higher values of LAI, plant height stress tolerance index (PHSI), dry matter stress tolerance index (DMSI), proline, total flavonoids, anthocyanin, lower percentage of chlorophyll degradation and finally producing high quality seeds.

Effect of Different Pulse and Oilseed based Cropping Systems on Yield and Nutrient Budgeting under Rainfed Conditions of Jammu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
B.C. Sharma ◽  
Neetu Sharma ◽  
Brij Nanadan ◽  
Akhil Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dryland Ecosystems

Background: Maize-wheat is the predominant cropping system of dryland ecology of Jammu region, but due to their comparatively higher input requirements especially of nutrients and water under the fragile ecology of these dry lands an untenable threat has been posed to their factor productivities. Therefore, all cropping sequences that suit and sustain better on the natural resources of the dryland ecosystems for a longer period of time needs to be explored.Methods: The treatments consisted of two oilseeds i.e. mustard) and gobhi sarson and two pulse crops i.e. chickpea and field pea taken during rabi were followed by two oilseed i.e. soybean and sesame and two pulse crops i.e. green gram and black gram grown during kharif. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications.Result: Significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield of green gram was observed with field pea- green gram sequence (10.26 q/ha) which was at par with the chickpea – green gram and field pea - black gram system. The available nitrogen status was significantly influenced and recorded highest (166.82kg/ha) under field pea- green gram system. Further overall nutrient mining by this system was quite low as compared to other systems.

scholarly journals Herbage accumulation dynamics in digit grass subjected to defoliation frequencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Natan Teles Cruz ◽  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
Jailson Lara Fagundes ◽  
Alfredo Acosta Backes ◽  
José Dantas Gusmão Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Defoliation Frequency

This study was undertaken to examine the herbage accumulation dynamics and structural characteristics of digit grass subjected to different defoliation frequencies in the period of January 2015 to February 2016. Four defoliation frequencies [very high (25 cm), high (35 cm), medium (45 cm), and low (55 cm)] were evaluated in two periods of the year [greater insolation (September to March) and lesser insolation (April to August)]. The experiment was set up as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Overall, the decreasing defoliation frequencies increased the cutting interval; leaf area index; total-herbage, stem, and dead-herbage accumulation rates; and percentages of stems and dead herbage. This reduction in defoliation frequency also resulted in a lower leaf accumulation rate and percentage of leaves. In overall terms, digit grass showed higher total-herbage, leaf, and stem accumulation rates; percentages of stems and dead herbage; stem volume density; and tiller density in the period of greater insolation. In the period of lesser insolation, however, digit grass exhibited a lower dead-herbage accumulation rate and a lower percentage of dead herbage. Less frequent defoliations increase the herbage accumulation rates of digit grass, but result in a less desirable morphological composition.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Sodicity Stress in Green Gram and Black Gram Using Plant Growth Regulating Substances

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
S. Nithila ◽  
R. Amutha ◽  
R. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
The Impact

Most of the pulses in India are grown in low fertility, problematic soils and unpredictable environmental conditions. Major issues in pulse production are poor establishment and low harvest index. In pulses harvest index is only 15-20%. Physiological manipulations such as spraying of hormones and nutrients that reduce flower drop and thereby facilitate large sink size. The objective of this research is to study the impact of Growth regulating substances on germination and establishment and economic yield of black gram and green gram under Sodic soil conditions. The study area is Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy. The nature of soil is sodicity with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of 18.94% with pH of 9.02. The two crop varieties green gram VBN (Gg) 2 & black gram VBN (Bg) 6 were employed under sodic soil condition. Field experiment was conducted during late July to October 2017 under sodic soil condition with ten treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randamized Block Design with three replications. Foliar spray was given at flower initiation and pod initiation stages. Ten treatment combinations were employed by T1: Control, T2: Seed Treatment (ST) with Ammonium Molybdate (AM) 0.05% + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%. T3: AM 0.05% + Panchagavya -3.0%,              T4: AM 0.05% + foliar spray of KCl -1%, T5: ST with GA3 50 ppm + foliar spray of ZnSO4 – 0.5%,   T6: GA3 50 ppm + Panchagavya -3.0%, T7: GA3 50 ppm + KCl -1%, T8: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +ZnSO4 – 0.5%, T9: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% +Panchagavya -3.0%, T10: Cowpea Sprout Extract 2% + foliar spray of KCl -1%. In conclusion the yield enhancement in best treatment may be due to the presence of bioactive substances in sprouted cowpea extracts and panchagavya were found effective towards yield maximization.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN NEW COTTON CULTIVARS USING STRESS TOLERANCE INDICES

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minka KOLEVA ◽  
Valentina DIMITROVA
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Stress Environment ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing production and quality ofcotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), but development of resistant cultivars is hamperedby the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of this study was toevaluate the ability of several selection indices to identify drought tolerant cultivarsunder different environmental conditions. Thirteen cotton cultivars were evaluatedunder both moisture stress (2016) and non-stress (2013) field environments using arandomized complete block design for each environment. Six drought toleranceindices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI),tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity(GMP) and mean harmonic productivity (HMP) were used. The significant andpositive correlation of yield of genotype under non-stress condition (Yp) and MP,GMP and STI showed that these indices were more effective in identifying highyielding cultivars under different moisture conditions. The results of calculatedgain from indirect selection in moisture stress environment would improve yieldbetter than selection from non moisture stress environment. Coton breeders should,therefore, take into account the stress severity of the environment in choosing anindex. The varieties Viki and Avangard-264 had the highest yields under non-stressconditions. Vega and Chirpan-539 varieties had a low yield potential and showed ahigh stress tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals Screening of shade tolerant hybrid maize based on stress tolerance index

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
Lesty Ayu Bidhari ◽  
Roy Effendi ◽  
Nining N. Andayani ◽  
Slamet Bambang
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract The development of adaptive and high-yielding maize varieties tolerant to shade stress is the right strategy to increase productivity and national maize production by utilizing the land in shaded conditions or under annual stands with 40% shade intensity. This study aimed to assess the best genetic material before releasing new shade tolerant maize varieties. This experiment was conducted in shaded and unshaded conditions in the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros, from July-October 2018 in KP. Pandu, North Sulawesi under coconut trees from March-August 2019. The design is using a randomized block design with three replications. The genetic material used consisted of 10 three-lane cross-hybrid maize, SHD01, SHD02, SHD03, SHD04, SHD05, SHD06, SHD07, SHD08, SHD09, and SHD10, and two comparison varieties of three-lane cross-hybrid maize, Bima-19, and P-35. Shade causes a reduction in light intensity, impacting changes in the microclimate under the shade. This is indicated by the dynamics of changes in light intensity which are quite high between maize crops in shaded and unshaded conditions. Tolerance to shade stress was assessed by measuring the difference in yield between unshaded environmental conditions and shaded environmental conditions to assess average productivity under normal and shaded conditions using the stress tolerance index (STI). The adaptive level in shade conditions of the candidate varieties SHD02 and SHD10 was significantly better than that of the Bima 19 and P 35 varieties, with the STI values of these candidates being 0.87 and 0.80, while the two comparison varieties Bima 19 and P 35, were respectively only 0.62.

Growth and Yield of Pulses as Influenced by Intercropping with Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] in the Southern Laterites of Kerala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhimmagudi Ramamohan Reddy ◽  
P. Shalini Pillai ◽  
Jacob John ◽  
A. Sajeena ◽  
J.C. Aswathy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Change Concerns

Background: In the recent years, the yield plateau of the major cereals together with the climate change concerns, the potential of millets and pulses have been identified as pivotal for addressing the agrarian and nutritional challenges. The present study was conducted to assess the feasibility of intercropping green gram, black gram and cowpea in finger millet.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during summer 2019-2020 (February to May, 2020) to assess the variation in the growth and yield of pulses, viz., green gram, black gram and cowpea on intercropping with finger millet, along with and without AMF inoculation.Result: Pulses were observed to be significantly taller when intercropped with finger millet in the presence of AMF. Leaf area index (LAI), dry matter production, seed yield and haulm yield were higher for sole crops. Between the intercropping treatments, with and without AMF, LAI, dry matter production and seed yield were superior when pulses where intercropped in finger millet inoculated with AMF. Intercropping finger millet with cowpea recorded the highest finger millet equivalent yield (FMEY) followed by black gram and green gram. The treatment, T6 (finger millet with AMF + cowpea) registered the highest FMEY (3388 kg ha-1) followed by T5 (3234 kg ha-1). Intercropping finger millet (with AMF) with black gram (T4) and green gram (T2) recorded FMEY of 2708 kg ha-1 and 2497 kg ha-1 respectively.

Screening drought tolerance criteria in maize

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Farshadfar ◽  
J. Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Pure Lines

Six pure lines of maize were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Genetic variation was found between the genotypes for yield potential (Yp), stress yield (Ys), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM) and stress tolerance index (STI). Stress tolerance index was corrected using a correction coefficient (ki) and thus a modified stress tolerance index (MSTI) was introduced as the optimal selection criterion for drought-tolerant genotypes. The results of three-D plotting indicated that the most desirable genotype for irrigated and rainfed conditions was the genotype K1515, for non-stressed conditions K18 and for stress conditions K104/3, K760/7 and K126/10.

scholarly journals Seed quality, water use efficiency and eco physiological characteristics of Lallemantia (Lallemantia sp.) species as effected by soil moisture content

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Mina ABDOLAHI ◽  
Saeideh MALEKI FARAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>This study investigated the effect of drought stress on the yield, water use efficiency (WUE), physiology, and seed quality of two species Lallemantia sp. Field experiments with three irrigation regimes were carried out in a split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included irrigation after 40 %, 60 %, and 100 % depletion of available soil water (ASW) (I40, I60, and I100, respectively) as main plots and Lallemantia species L. iberica (M. Bieb.) Fisch. &amp; C. A. Mey. (S1) and L. royleana Benth. in Wall (S2) as subplots. Increment in depletion of ASW (I40 to I100) resulted in progressively less chlorophyll a content (Chl­ a), open stomata percentage (OS), and leaf area index (LAI). The highest Chl­ a and LAI were found to be 0.0087­ mg g−1, and 2.68 mg g−1 leaf mass in I40 treatment, respectively, while closed stomata percentage (CS) increased significantly as drought stress increased. The results of this experiment indicated that the appropriate yield of production was obtained in plots which were fully irrigated (I40) for all species of Lallemantia; however, the WUE increased as drought stress increased. The interaction of drought stress, Lallemantia species with grain yield and WUE was significant.</p>

Influence of seed treatment and foliar nutrition of molybdenum on green gram and black gram

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Syed Anwarulla ◽  
K. Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Area Index

SummaryIn two separate field experiments with green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) and black gram (Vigna mungo L. Wilczek), the effect of seed treatment of molybdenum at 4, 8 and 12 g of sodium molybdate/kg seeds as well as foliar nutrition of sodium molybdate at 0·4, 0·8 and 1·2 kg/ha was evaluated on the nodulation characteristics and leghaemoglobin content of nodules and growth and yield of crops. Both seed treatment and foliar application of sodium molybdate were found to be superior to controls in respect of the number of nodules per plant and dry weight of nodules. The leghaemoglobin content of nodules in both crops was maximal in the treatments with the highest dose of seed treatment followed by the highest dose of molybdenum for foliar sprays. Molybdenum favourably influenced the growth of green gram and black gram by increasing the number of branches and leaves and by nearly doubling the leaf area index. This resulted in increased D.M. and yield of pods.

scholarly journals Evaluation and comparison of drought tolerance in some wild diploid populations, tetraploid and hexaploid cultivars of wheat using stress tolerance indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sara KHOSRAVI ◽  
Reza AZIZINEZHAD ◽  
Amin BAGHIZADEH ◽  
Mahmood MALEKI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

<p>This study was carried out on grain yield in wheat genotypes with the aim of assessing genetic potential of drought tolerance. The experiment was performed as split plot in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications under normal and drought stress conditions with 32 genotypes. Based on grain yield, and under the condition of non-stress and drought stress, 5 drought tolerance indices are estimated including Tolerance Index (TOL), Stress Tolerance (STI), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean (GMP) and, Harmonic Mean (HM) for all kinds of genotypes. The analysis of yield correlation and drought tolerance indices in two environments indicated that STI, MP, GMP, HM indices were the most suitable parameters for screening wheat genotypes. Principal components analysis exhibited that the 83 % of first principal component and the 15 % of second one justified the variation of the initial data. Drawing bi-plot diagram declared that Sabalan, Shabrang, Aria, Azar, Azadi, and T2 genotypes were highly functional and resistant to drought stress.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document