scholarly journals Non-Invasive Myocardial Infarction Ischemic Area Estimation Through Four-Dimensional Ultrasound

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Q. Clark ◽  
Conner C. Earl ◽  
Joseph M. Gruber ◽  
Karthik S. Annamalai ◽  
Luke E. Schepers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Patient Status ◽  
Enhance Patient Care

Background/Objective: Following myocardial infarction, infarct size and cardiac function are significant predictors of long-term prognosis. Most echocardiography studies rely on two-dimensional analysis for estimation of left ventricular function and electrical activity analysis for estimation of infarct area. Other imaging modalities, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, are limited by time, cost, availability, patient tolerance, and incompatible implantable devices.  Using an experimental mouse model of myocardial infarction, we hypothesize that four-dimensional ultrasound offers a possible alternative for easy, quick, and reliable estimation of infarct size.   Methods: A cohort of 10 mice underwent four-dimensional cardiac imaging at baseline using a small animal high frequency ultrasound. A thoracotomy was subsequently performed, and a suture placed to ligate the left coronary artery approximately midway down the left ventricle. Sequential four-dimensional ultrasound was performed at six time points over 28 days, following which the mice were euthanized. The hearts were then removed and sent for embedding and sectioning into seven uniform segments stained using both H&E and Masson’ s Trichrome. Results: Thus far, we have segmented the imaging and collected end diastolic volume, peak systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, transmural thickness, and circumferential strain. Additionally, four-dimensional models of the left ventricles have been rendered. Histological embedding, sectioning, and staining is still in progress, and therefore validation against the gold standard is still in process. Conclusion and Impact: Treatment and monitoring of myocardial infarction patients is reliant upon accurate assessment of patient status and prognosis. This study provides initial evidence for the validity of four-dimensional ultrasound as a tool for estimation of myocardial infarction size, providing an alternative to current two-dimensional methods that are less accurate and a more accessible alternative to highly specialized and costly equipment. Improved and accessible imaging methods have the potential to enhance patient care, ultimately improving overall health outcomes.  

Left ventricular function measurements in a mouse myocardial infarction model

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (03) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Hendrikx ◽  
Matthias Bauwens ◽  
Roel Wierts ◽  
Mark Post ◽  
Felix Mottaghy
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
3D Echocardiography ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume

SummaryAim: To assess the accuracy of ECG-gated micro (µ)-SPECT in a mouse myocardial infarction (MI) model in comparison to 3D-echocardiography. Animals, methods: In a mouse (Swiss mice) MI model we compared the accuracy of technetium-99m sestamibi (99mTc-sestamibi) myocardial perfusion, electrocardiogram (ECG) gated µSPECT to 3D-echocardiography in determining left ventricular function. 3D-echocardiography and myocardial perfusion ECG-gated µSPECT data were acquired in the same animal at baseline (n = 11) and 7 (n = 8) and 35 (n = 9) days post ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Sham operated mice were used as a control (8, 6 and 7 mice respectively). Additionally, after day 35 µSPECT scans, hearts were harvested and 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and autoradiography was performed to determine infarct size. Results: In both infarcted and sham-operated mice we consistently found comparable values for the end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) obtained by 3D-echocardiography and ECG-gated µSPECT. Excellent correlations between measurements from 3D-echocardiography and ECG-gated µSPECT were found for EDV, ESV and EF (r = 0.9532, r = 0.9693 respectively and r = 0.9581) in infarcted mice. Furthermore, comparable infarct size values were found at day 35 post MI by TTC staining and autoradiography (27.71 ± 1.80% and 29.20 ± 1.18% with p = 0.43). Conclusion: We have demonstrated that ECG-gated µSPECT imaging provides reliable left ventricular function measurements in a mouse MI model. Obtained results were comparable to the highly accurate 3D-echocardiography. This, in addition to the opportunity to simultaneously image multiple biological processes during a single acquisition makes µSPECT imaging a serious option for studying cardiovascular disease in small animals.

scholarly journals Early Elevation of Systemic Plasma Clusterin after Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Preclinical Porcine Model of Ischemic Heart Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4591
Author(s):  
Denise Traxler ◽  
Andreas Spannbauer ◽  
Patrick Einzinger ◽  
Julia Mester-Tonczar ◽  
Dominika Lukovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Late Enhancement ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume

Clusterin exerts anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects. Both an increase and decrease of clusterin in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been reported. We aimed to clarify the role of clusterin as a systemic biomarker in AMI. AMI was induced by percutaneous left anterior artery (LAD) occlusion for 90 min followed by reperfusion in 24 pigs. Contrast ventriculography was performed after reperfusion to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) and additional cMRI + late enhancement to measure infarct size and LV functions at day 3 and week 6 post-MI. Blood samples were collected at prespecified timepoints. Plasma clusterin and other biomarkers (cTnT, NT-proBNP, neprilysin, NGAL, ET-1, osteopontin, miR21, miR29) were measured by ELISA and qPCR. Gene expression profiles of infarcted and remote region 3 h (n = 5) and 3 days (n = 5) after AMI onset were analysed by RNA-sequencing. AMI led to an increase in LVEDV and LVESV during 6-week, with concomitant elevation of NT-proBNP 3-weeks after AMI. Plasma clusterin levels were increased immediately after AMI and returned to normal levels until 3-weeks. Plasma NGAL, ET-1 and miR29 was significantly elevated at 3 weeks follow-up, miR21 increased after reperfusion and at 3 weeks post-AMI, while circulating neprilysin levels did not change. Elevated plasma clusterin levels 120 min after AMI onset suggest that clusterin might be an additional early biomarker of myocardial ischemia.

scholarly journals Sleep disordered breathing and enlargement of the right heart after myocardial infarction

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Buchner ◽  
Michael Eglseer ◽  
Kurt Debl ◽  
Andrea Hetzenecker ◽  
Andreas Luchner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
The Right

Structural and functional integrity of the right heart is important in the prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) on structure and function of the right heart early after AMI.54 patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance 3–5 days and 12 weeks after AMI, and were stratified according to the presence of SDB, defined as an apnoea–hypopnoea index of ≥15 events·h−1.12 weeks after AMI, end-diastolic volume of the right ventricle had increased significantly in patients with SDB (n=27)versusthose without (n=25) (mean±sd14±23%versus0±17%, p=0.020). Multivariable linear regression analysis accounting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, left ventricular mass and left ventricular end-systolic volume showed that the apnoea–hypopnoea index was significantly associated with right ventricular end-diastolic volume (B-coefficient 0.315 (95% CI 0.013–0.617); p=0.041). From baseline to 12 weeks, right atrial diastolic area increased more in patients with SDB (2.9±3.7 cm2versus1.0±2.4 cm2, p=0.038; when adjusted for left ventricular end systolic volume, p=0.166).SDB diagnosed shortly after AMI predicts an increase of right ventricular end-diastolic volume and possibly right atrial area within the following 12 weeks. Thus, SDB may contribute to enlargement of the right heart after AMI.

Effects of Tribuli Saponins on Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction in Hyperlipidemic Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Guo ◽  
Da-Zhuo Shi ◽  
Hui-Jun Yin ◽  
Ke-Ji Chen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Significant Difference

This experiment was designed to determine whether Tribuli saponins (TS) relieve left ventricular remodeling (VR) after myocardial infarction (MI) in a murine hyperlipemia (HL) model. MI and HL models were induced and high and low doses of TS and simvastatin were administrated to the rats. Four weeks later, echocardiographic observation was performed and the left and right ventricular weight index (LVWI, RVWI) was calculated. Echocardiographic results showed that both high dose of TS and simvastatin had a beneficial effect on increasing fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF), reducing left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular dimension end diastole (LVDd) and systole (LVDs), and decreasing LVWI, as compared to those in the HL-MI model group ( p < 0.05, 0.01). Both medicines had little impact on thickness of the anterior and posterior wall. No significant difference was observed between each treatment group ( p > 0.05). In conclusion, TS not only lowered serum lipidemia, but also relieved left ventricular remodeling, and improved cardiac function in the early stage after MI.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between anti-inflammatory cytokines and adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Eyyupkoca Ferhat ◽  
Ercan Karabekir ◽  
Karakus Gultekin ◽  
Karayigit Orhan ◽  
Yildirim Onur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Reverse Remodeling ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aim    To clarify the role of interleukin (IL) – 10 and members of its subfamily (IL-19 and IL-26) in cardiac remodeling during the post-myocardial infarction (MI) period.Material and methods    A total of 45 patients with ST-segment elevation MI were enrolled. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured at the first day and 14 days post-MI. Left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (RR) was defined as the reduction of LV end-diastolic volume or LV end-systolic volume by ≥ 12 % in cardiac magnetic resonance images at 6‑mo follow-up. A 12 % increase was defined as adverse remodeling (AR).Results    The post-MI first-day median IL-10 (9.7 pg / ml vs. 17.6 pg / ml, p<0.001), median IL-19 (28.7 pg / ml vs. 36.9 pg / ml, p<0.001), and median IL-26 (47.8 pg / ml vs. 90.7 pg / ml, p<0.001) were lower in the RR group compared to the AR group. There was a significant decrease in the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the AR group from the first to the 14 days post-MI. However, no significant change was observed in the RR group. Regression analysis revealed that a low IL-10 concentration on the post-MI first day was related to RR (OR=0.76, p=0.035). A 1 % increase in change of IL-10 concentration increased the probability of RR by 1.07 times.Conclusion    The concentrations of cytokines were higher in the AR group, but this elevation was not sustained and significantly decreased for the 14 days post-MI. In the RR group, the concentrations of cytokines did not change and stable for the 14 days post-MI. As a reflection of this findings, stable IL-10 concentration may play a role the improvement of cardiac functions.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid against Acute Myocardial Infarction and Chronic Left Ventricular Remodeling in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zequan Yang ◽  
Yikui Tian ◽  
Stuart S. Berr ◽  
Brent A. French
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

Background. We hypothesized that daily administration of a potent antioxidant (α-lipoic acid: ALA) would protect the heart against both acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and left ventricular remodeling (LVR) post-AMI. Methods and Results. Two separate studies were conducted. In the AMI study, C57Bl/6 mice were fed ALA daily for 7 d prior to a 45-minute occlusion of the left coronary artery (LCA). Mean infarct size in control mice (fed water) was 60 ± 2%. Mean infarct size in ALA-treated mice was 42 ± 3% in the 15 mg/kg·d group and 39 ± 3% in the 75 mg/kg·d group (both P<0.05 vs. control). In the LVR study, AMI increased LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) to a similar extent in both groups when assessed by cardiac MRI 1 day after a 2-hour LCA occlusion. Treatment with ALA (75 mg/kg·d) or H2O was initiated 1 day post-AMI and continued until study’s end. Both LVESV and LVEF in ALA-treated mice were significantly improved over control when assessed 28 or 56 days post-AMI. Furthermore, the survival rate in ALA-treated mice was 63% better than in control mice by 56 days post-AMI. Conclusions. Daily oral ingestion of ALA not only protects mice against AMI but also attenuates LVR and preserves contractile function in the months that follow.

P1473Global work efficiency 3 months after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: prevalence and characteristics of patients with reduced global work efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Lustosa ◽  
P Van Der Bijl ◽  
M El-Mahdiui ◽  
J Montero-Cabezas ◽  
M V Kostyukevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
St Segment ◽  
End Systolic Volume ◽  
Global Work

Abstract Background Global work efficiency (GWE) is an index of left ventricular function derived from echocardiographic speckle tracking derived strain-pressure loops. GWE is calculated as constructive work divided by the sum of constructive and wasted work and expressed as a percentage. The prevalence of reduced GWE after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. Aims To assess GWE in STEMI patients 3 months after the index admission and report on the prevalence and characteristics of patients with impaired GWE. Methods and results This retrospective study included 150 patients (111 men, mean age: 60±10 years) with STEMI. They were divided into GWE normal and GWE reduced groups, based on reference values from the EACVI NORRE study. Reduced GWE was observed in 23% of patients. Those with reduced GWE had significantly higher values of CK [3033.62 U/L (±2003.47) vs. 1308.47 U/L (±1309.07); P<0.001] and troponin T [8.43 μg/L (±6.73) vs. 3.49 μg/L (±4.36); P<0.001)] at baseline, as well as significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume [112 ml (±32) vs. 90 ml (±30); P<0.001] and left ventricular end-systolic volume [62 ml (±21) vs. 39 ml (±17); P<0.001] and significantly lower values of left ventricular ejection fraction [46% (±8) vs. 59% (±8); P<0.001] and impaired global longitudinal strain [−13.03% (±2.54) vs. −18.04% (±2.75); P<0.001] at 3 months (Table 1). Table 1. Patient characteristics GWE normal (N=116) GWE reduced (N=34) P value Age (years) 60 (±10) 58 (±11) 0.224 HR (bpm) 69 (±13) 74 (± 13) 0.063 SBP (mmHg) 138 (±17) 138 (±21) 0.920 DBP (mmHg) 81 (±12) 84 (±15) 0.214 Maximum CK value at baseline (U/L) 1308.47 (±1309.07) 3033.62 (±2003.47) <0.001 Maximum Troponin at baseline (μg/L) 3.49 (±4.36) 8.43 (±6.73) <0.001 Left ventricular end-systolic volume (ml) 39 (±17) 62 (±21) <0.001 Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (ml) 90 (±30) 112 (±32) <0.001 LVEF (%) 59 (±8) 46 (±8) <0.001 GLS (%) −18.04 (±2.75) −13.03 (±2.54) <0.001 Conclusions Almost one fourth of STEMI patients treated with primary PCI have impaired GWE at 3 months follow-up. Patients with reduced GWE had larger myocardial damage than those with preserved GWE at 3 months.

scholarly journals Long-Term Left Ventricular Remodelling in Rat Model of Nonreperfused Myocardial Infarction: Sequential MR Imaging Using a 3T Clinical Scanner

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad G. Saleh ◽  
Sarah-Kate Sharp ◽  
Alkathafi Alhamud ◽  
Bruce S. Spottiswoode ◽  
Andre J. W. van der Kouwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Remodelling ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodelling ◽  
Systolic Volume

Purpose. To evaluate whether 3T clinical MRI with a small-animal coil and gradient-echo (GE) sequence could be used to characterize long-term left ventricular remodelling (LVR) following nonreperfused myocardial infarction (MI) using semi-automatic segmentation software (SASS) in a rat model.Materials and Methods. 5 healthy rats were used to validate left ventricular mass (LVM) measured by MRI with postmortem values. 5 sham and 7 infarcted rats were scanned at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to allow for functional and structural analysis of the heart. Measurements included ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and LVM. Changes in different regions of the heart were quantified using wall thickness analyses.Results. LVM validation in healthy rats demonstrated high correlation between MR and postmortem values. Functional assessment at 4 weeks after MI revealed considerable reduction in EF, increases in ESV, EDV, and LVM, and contractile dysfunction in infarcted and noninfarcted regions.Conclusion. Clinical 3T MRI with a small animal coil and GE sequence generated images in a rat heart with adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for successful semiautomatic segmentation to accurately and rapidly evaluate long-term LVR after MI.

scholarly journals Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervenes Ventricular Remodeling Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: Evidence From 40 Random Controlled Trials With 3,659 Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Zhang ◽  
Bo Liang ◽  
Chang-Le Shao ◽  
Ning Gu
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

Objectives: We intend to conduct a meta-analysis on the systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of ventricular remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Our findings may provide certain references for the clinical treatment of ventricular remodeling.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CQVIP, and CBM before 20 July 2020. Data were analyzed using a random/fixed-effect model. Primary outcomes included the effectiveness and TCM syndrome score (TCMSS). Secondary outcomes included 1) echocardiography data, including the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVi), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), E/A, stroke volume (SV), and wall motion score (WMS); 2) serum indicators, including the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) or high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP); (3) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and other adverse eventsResults: Forty RCTs involving 3,659 subjects were recruited. Our findings proved that a combination of TCM or TCM preparations with conventional Western medicine for preventing and reversing ventricular remodeling at post-AMI could remarkably enhance the total effectiveness and reduced TCMSS. Moreover, myocardial functions (LVEF, E/A, and SV), ventricular remodeling (LVEDVi, LVESVi, LVEDV, LVESV, LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWT, and WMS), serum levels of BNP and CRP, and MACE were significantly improved by the combination of TCM or TCM preparations with conventional Western medicine. Nevertheless, IVST and the incidence of other adverse events were comparable between control and experimental groupsConclusion: The combination of TCM or TCM preparations and conventional Western medicine can alleviate the process of ventricular remodeling, enhance cardiac function, and reduce the incidence of MACE in AMI patients.

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