scholarly journals Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes Mellitus: the Control of Thromboembolic Risk

Kardiologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
A. G. Obrezan ◽  
N. V. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Thromboembolic Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common concomitant diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Meta-analyses of multiple studies have shown that the risk of AF is higher for diabetic patients with impaired glucose homeostasis than for patients without DM. Patients with AF and DM were younger, more frequently had arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease, and stroke and were characterized with a more severe course of AF. The article discusses possible mechanisms of the mutually aggravating effects of DM and AF, scales for evaluating the risk of bleeding (CHADS2, CHA2DS2‑VASc, HAS-BLED), and the role of anticoagulants. A meta-analysis of 16 randomized clinical studies, including 9 874 patients, has demonstrated the efficacy of oral anticoagulants in prevention of stroke with an overall decrease in the relative risk by 62 % compared to placebo (95% confidence interval, from 48 to 72 ). For prevention of complications in patients with AF and DM, current antithrombotic therapies can be used, specifically the oral factor Xa inhibitor, rivaroxaban, which is the best studied in patients with AF and DM and represents a possible alternative to warfarin in such patients.

Patients with diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation treated with NOACs: Meta-analysis of 8 outcomes in 58, 634 patients across 4 randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Plitt ◽  
Thomas A Zelniker ◽  
Jeong-Gun Park ◽  
Darren K McGuire ◽  
Christian T Ruff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Interaction Testing

Abstract Aims Concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) increases risk of stroke and systemic embolic events. This meta-analysis assessed the benefit/risk balance of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs warfarin, and explored whether there was effect modification by DM or heterogeneity in outcomes between NOACs in patients with and without DM. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of 58,634 patients from four phase 3 trials of NOAC vs warfarin in patients with AF, comparing the primary outcomes of efficacy and safety and 6 other secondary outcomes in patients stratified by the presence of DM. Interaction testing was used to assess for heterogeneity of treatment effects. A meta-regression was performed to evaluate the influence of baseline characteristics. Results NOACs reduced the risk of stroke/SEE in 18,134 patients with DM [hazard ratio (HR) 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.69-0.93), I2 3.90] to a similar degree as in 40,500 patients without DM [HR 0.82; 95% CI (0.74-0.91)], I2 16.33 p-int 0.81). There was no effect modification of DM on the relative reduction with NOACs vs warfarin in major bleeding (DM : 0.95, 95% CI 0.75-1.20, I2 43.83; no DM: 0.83, 95% CI 0.55-1.24; I2 87.90; p-int 0.37). Intracranial Haemorrhage (HRs 0.51 and 0.47, p-int 0.70) and cardiovascular death (HRs 0.87 and 0.90, p-int 0.70) were significantly reduced by NOACs in the presence or absence of DM. Conclusion NOACs are more effective and safer than warfarin in AF patients with or without DM and absent contraindications, NOACs should be the anticoagulation treatment choice in diabetics.

scholarly journals Impact of a single non-sex-related stroke risk factor on atrial fibrillation and oral anticoagulant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Open Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e001465
Author(s):  
Maxim Grymonprez ◽  
Stephane Steurbaut ◽  
An De Sutter ◽  
Lies Lahousse
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor ◽  
Thromboembolic Risk

AimsOral anticoagulants (OACs) are crucial for treating atrial fibrillation (AF) patients at high thromboembolic risk. However, in AF patients at intermediate thromboembolic risk with a single non-sex-related stroke risk factor (CHA2DS2-VASc score 1 in men, 2 in women), guidelines advise to consider starting anticoagulation, which may result in OAC non-initiation due to underestimation of the thromboembolic risk of a single stroke risk factor and overestimation of the OAC-related bleeding risk. A critical appraisal of the role of OACs and the benefit–risk profile of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in this patient subgroup are needed.Methods and resultsThis systematic review provides an overview of literature on the effectiveness and safety of OACs in AF patients with a single non-sex-related stroke risk factor after searching Medline and Embase. Differences between individual stroke risk factors regarding the ischaemic stroke risk in non-anticoagulated AF patients are identified in a meta-analysis, demonstrating the highest increased risk in patients aged 65–74 years old or with diabetes mellitus, followed by heart failure, hypertension and vascular disease. Furthermore, meta-analysis results favour NOACs over VKAs, given their equal effectiveness and superior safety in AF patients at intermediate thromboembolic risk (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.34 for stroke or systemic embolism; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.80 for major bleeding; HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.59 for intracranial bleeding; HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.71 for mortality).ConclusionOur systematic review with meta-analysis favours the use of anticoagulation in AF patients with a single non-sex-related stroke risk factor, especially when age ≥65 years or diabetes mellitus is present, with a preference for NOACs over VKAs.

scholarly journals Association of proteinuria and incident atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: a population-based senior cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juntae Kim ◽  
Pil-Sung Yang ◽  
Byoung-Eun Park ◽  
Tae Soo Kang ◽  
Seong-Hoon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dipstick Test ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Urine Dipstick Test

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is considered an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). The excess risk in relation to the presence of proteinuria has not been well elucidated. Our aim was to determine the association between the incidence of AF and proteinuria in diabetic population. A total of 240,499 individuals aged ≥ 60 years from the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort from 2004 to 2014 were included. 4.2% of individuals with DM and 3.7% of controls were diagnosed with AF during a median follow-up period of 7.2 years. Amongst controls (participants without proteinuria and DM), DM only, proteinuria only, and DM with proteinuria groups, the crude incidences of AF were 0.58, 0.70, 0.96, 1.24 per 100 person-years respectively. Compared with controls, the weighted risk of AF was increased by 11% (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.20, P = .001), 48% (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.30–1.69, P < .001), and 66% (hazard ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.26–2.18, P < .001) in the DM only, proteinuria only, and DM with proteinuria groups, respectively (P for trend < .001). Degree of proteinuria in diabetic patients was associated with a significantly higher rate of incident AF in dose dependent manner. Thus, assessing proteinuria by a simple urine dipstick test could provide a useful adjunct to risk assessment for AF in elderly population with DM.

scholarly journals Role of Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality events in diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Ma ◽  
QIng Gu ◽  
Huining Niu ◽  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Rong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Rule Out

Background: The use of Aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still a topic of debate, especially in patients with diabetes. The present meta-analysis aims to rule out the efficacy of Aspirin in patients with diabetes and to compare the effectiveness of Aspirin with a placebo (or no treatment) for the primary prevention of CVD and all-cause mortality events in people with diabetes. Materials and Methods: An extensive and systematic search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Cinahl (via Ebsco), Scopus, and Web of Sciences from 1988 to December 2020. A detailed literature search was conducted using Aspirin, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and efficacy to identify trials of patients with diabetes who received Aspirin for primary prevention of CVD. Demographic details with the primary outcome of events and bleeding outcomes were analyzed. The risk of bias (RoB) in included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results: A total of 5 studies out of 13 were included with 23,570 diabetic patients; 11,738 allocated to Aspirin and 11,832 allocated to the placebo group. In patients with diabetes, there was no difference between Aspirin and placebo with respect to the risk of all-cause death with a confidence interval (CI) varying 0.63 to 1.17. In addition, there were no differences in the bleeding outcomes with an odds ratio of 1.4411 (CI 0.47 to 4.34). Conclusion: Aspirin has no significant risk on primary endpoints of cardiovascular events and the bleeding outcomes in diabetic patients compared to placebo. More research on the use of Aspirin alone or in combination with other antiplatelet drugs is required in patients with diabetes to supplement currently available research.

Role of Statins in New-onset Diabetes Mellitus: The Underlying Cause, Mechanisms Involved, and Strategies to Combat

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghuvir Keni ◽  
Abinitha Sekhar ◽  
Karthik Gourishetti ◽  
Pawan Ganesh Nayak ◽  
Manas Kinra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Cells ◽  
Intensive Statin Therapy ◽  
New Onset Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Analysis Point ◽  
New Onset

Statins have transformed the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through primary and secondary prevention of events. Despite the success of statin's inefficient management of cardiovascular conditions, certain clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analysis point out that statins have the propensity to induce diabetes. The risk further increases with intensive statin therapy or in with patients with diabetes. A proper mechanism for the induction of the diabetic condition has not yet been determined. The involvement of statin with beta cells in insulin secretion and peripheral cells in insulin resistance has been widely studied and established. The present review provides an update on recent understanding of statin-induced diabetes. This covers the origin of statins, their development, possible mechanisms that explain the adverse effects in glucose homeostasis, and probable targets to remedy the condition.

scholarly journals Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

EP Europace ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1518-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Anselmino ◽  
Mario Matta ◽  
Fabrizio D'ascenzo ◽  
Carlo Pappone ◽  
Vincenzo Santinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

The Challenge of Lipid Management in Patients with Diabetes or Other Endocrine Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Alberico L Catapano ◽  
Liliana Grigore ◽  
Angela Pirillo ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Lipid Management ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Diabetes increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), and several guidelines suggest that subjects with diabetes are at high risk of developing CVD. The increased risk can be attributed, at least in part, to associated risk factors, including hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The role of statins in primary and secondary prevention of CVD is well established, and the positive effect has been clearly demonstrated also in patients with type 2 diabetes. A number of studies have evaluated the effect of statin therapy on incident CVD and shown that statin therapy produces a great reduction in cardiovascular risk, but a recent meta-analysis revealed a slight increase in the risk of developing diabetes. Such risk is, however, low, especially when compared with the reduction in cardiovascular events and should not interfere with the choice of treating diabetic patients with a cholesterol-lowering therapy.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Diabetes and Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bo Cao ◽  
Xingcan Yao ◽  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Hu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background. This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for stroke prevention in real-world patients with diabetes and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) through observational studies. Methods. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched up to August 2020 for eligible studies. Outputs were presented as risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by using a random-effect model. Results. Seven observational studies involving 249,794 diabetic NVAF patients were selected. Compared with VKAs, the use of DOACs was associated with significantly reduced risks of stroke ( RR = 0.56 , 95% CI 0.45-0.70; p < 0.00001 ), ischemic stroke ( RR = 0.61 , 95% CI 0.48-0.78; p < 0.0001 ), stroke or systemic embolism (SSE) ( RR = 0.81 , 95% CI 0.68-0.95; p = 0.01 ), myocardial infarction ( RR = 0.69 , 95% CI 0.55-0.88; p = 0.002 ), major bleeding ( RR = 0.75 , 95% CI 0.63-0.90; p = 0.002 ), intracranial hemorrhage ( RR = 0.50 , 95% CI 0.44-0.56; p < 0.00001 ), and major gastrointestinal bleeding ( RR = 0.77 , 95% CI 0.62-0.95; p = 0.02 ), and a borderline significant decrease in major adverse cardiac events ( RR = 0.87 , 95% CI 0.75-1.00; p = 0.05 ) in NVAF patients with diabetes. Conclusion. For patients with NVAF and diabetes in real-world clinical settings, DOACs showed superior efficacy and safety profile over VKAs and significantly reduced risks of stroke, ischemic stroke, SSE, myocardial infarction, major bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, and major gastrointestinal bleeding.

scholarly journals Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of major arrhythmias: a meta-analysis of the cardiovascular and renal outcome trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Boulmpou ◽  
D Patoulias ◽  
E Teperikidis ◽  
C E Papadopoulos ◽  
P Sarafidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Atrial Flutter ◽  
Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Renal Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with cardiovascular disease and evidence already exists on its arrhythmogenic action. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a unique class of oral antidiabetic medications which recently attracted attention for reducing the total risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in a series of recent, large placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin additionally seem to improve survival and outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus. Whether antidiabetic treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors could reduce the arrhythmic burden in diabetic patients still is to be clarified. Purpose The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to report the impact of SGLT2i on the risk for several types of cardiac arrhythmias, pooling data from all relevant cardiovascular and renal outcome, placebo-controlled, RCTs, comparing SGLT2i to placebo. Methods We searched PubMed for all available cardiovascular and renal outcome RCTs utilizing SGLT2i, along with grey literature sources. We sought to determine the risk of the following arrhythmias/cardiac disorders with the use of SGLT2i versus placebo: atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular extrasystoles, sinus bradycardia, sinus node dysfunction, second degree atrioventricular block, complete atrioventricular block. Results We extracted relevant data from 8 trials (5 dedicated cardiovascular outcome trials, 2 dedicated renal outcome trials, 1 trial enrolling patients with HFrEF), pooling data in a total of 55,966 patients. SGLT-2i treatment compared to placebo produced a significant reduction in the risk of atrial fibrillation equal to 21% (RR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.93, I2=0%) (Figure 1). A non-significant reduction in the risk of atrial flutter equal to 9% (RR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.64–1.29, I2=0%) was also observed with SGLT2i (Figure 2). No significant effect on the rest major arrhythmias was observed. Conclusions Antidiabetic therapy with SGLT2i seems to hold a significant impact on antiarrhythmic burden in type 2 diabetes mellitus, reducing the risk of atrial fibrillation development. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1 Figure 2

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