scholarly journals Biological microchips for detection of multiple drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains isolated in Kyrgyz Republic

2008 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
J. T. Isakova ◽  
Z. K. Goncharova ◽  
A. A. Aldashev
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

The aim of the study was to estimate spread of primary and secondary multiple drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and to characterize rpoB, katG, inhA, and ahpC gene mutations of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistant MBT strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Kyrgyz. We obtained 493 specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis which were diagnosed based on clinical, X-ray, and bacteriological examination. Among them, newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis was in 445 patients (90.2 %), and 48 of the patients (9.8 %) have already been treated for tuberculosis. Mutations of rpoB, KatG, inhA, and ahpC genes associated with RIF and INH resistance were detected by biological chip test. Sensitive MBT strains were detected in 47 % and resistant strains were in 53 % of the newly diagnosed patients. Single-drug resistance to RIF only was detected in 3 % of cases; resistance to INH was found in 20 %, resistance to both the drugs was detected in 30 % of the patients. In pre-treated patients single-drug resistance to RIF was defined in 4 % of cases, resistance to INH was in 8 %, resistance to both the drugs was estimated in 75 % of the patients. Therefore, we suppose that there is a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant MBT in Kyrgyz Republic: 30 % among newly diagnosed patients and 75 % among pre-treated patients. The main cause of RIF-resistance of MBT is Ser531→Leu mutation of rpoB gene, and the main cause of INHresistance is Ser315→Thr mutation of katG gene.

scholarly journals Treatment of multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in a diabetic patient with renal allograft

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
E. V. Korzh ◽  
N. A. Podchos ◽  
T. V. Ivanitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Sputum Conversion ◽  
End Stage

The article describes a clinical case of treatment of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in the patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus who had received a kidney transplant (from his mother) 3 years before tuberculosis was diagnosed due to diabetic nephroangiosclerosis and the development of end-stage chronic renal disease. Pulmonary tuberculosis developed while taking immunosuppressive drugs, it manifested by an infiltrate with destruction of lung tissue in the upper lobe of the left lung, infiltrative tuberculosis of the left upper lobe and segmental bronchi, bacterial excretion confirmed by microscopy and culture. The strain of tuberculosis was resistant to 5 drugs including isoniazid and rifampicin. The chemotherapy regimen included pyrazinamide, capreomycin, levofloxacin, ethionamide, cycloserine, and paraaminosalicylic acid. Glomerular filtration rate was monitored every month. The full course of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy (556 doses) was effectively completed, glomerular filtration by that time was 77.0 ml/min. Stable sputum conversion was achieved (confirmed by sputum culture), the cavity was healed, and some areas of pneumosclerosis and single solid foci persisted.

scholarly journals HEPATOTOXIC REACTIONS DURING TREATMENT OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
R. YU. АBDULLАEV ◽  
◽  
O. G. KOMISSАROVА ◽  
E. S. CHUMАKOVА ◽  
V. S. ODINETS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Prediction of multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis against drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis by CT nodular consolidation sign

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Ling Huang ◽  
Aliaksandr Skrahin ◽  
Pu-Xuan Lu ◽  
Sofia Alexandru ◽  
Valeriu Crudu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Injectable Drugs ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Previously Treated Patients

AbstractMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdrtb) refers to TB infection resistant to at least two most powerful anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampincin. It has been estimated that globally 3.5% (which can be much higher in some regions) of newly diagnosed TB patients, and 20.5% of previously treated patients had mdrtb. Extensively drug-resistant TB (xdrtb) has resistance to rifampin and isoniazid, as well as to any member of the quinolone family and at least one of the second line injectable drugs: kanamycin, amikacin and capreomycin. xdrtb accounts for 4-20% of mdrtb. Early detection and targeted treatment are priorities for mdrtb/xdrtb control. The suspicion of mdr/xdr -pulmonary TB (mdrptb or xdrptb) by chest imaging shall suggest intensive diagnostic testing for mdrptb/xdrptb. We hypothesize that multiple nodular consolidation (NC) may serve one of the differentiators for separating dsptb vs mdrptb/xdrptb cases. For this study, mdrptb cases (n=310) and XDR-PTB cases (⋂=I58) were from the NIAID TB Portals Program (TBPP) <https://tbportals.niaid.nih.gov>. Drug sensitive pulmonary TB (dsptb) cases were from the TBPP collection (n=112) as well as the Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control (n=111), Shenzhen, China, and we excluded patients with HIV(+) status. Our study shows NC, particularly multiple NCs, is more common in mdrptb than in dsptb, and more common in xdrptb than in mdrptb. For example, 2.24% of dsptb patients, 13.23% of mdrptb patients, and 20.89% of xdrptb patients, respectively, have NCs with diameter >= 10mm equal or more than 2 in number.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical detection and quantitation of P-glycoprotein in multiple drug-resistant human myeloma cells: association with level of drug resistance and drug accumulation

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Dalton ◽  
TM Grogan ◽  
JA Rybski ◽  
RJ Scheper ◽  
L Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Using several multiple drug-resistant human myeloma cell lines as standards, we developed an immunohistochemical staining technique and means of quantitating P-glycoprotein in individual myeloma cells. The level of staining intensity for P-glycoprotein in individual myeloma cells was quantitated by measuring the average optical density of each cell with a microscopic computerized cell analysis system. Using this system, we observed that the level of P-glycoprotein for individual cells within a cell population of known drug sensitivity was very homogeneous (coefficient of variation less than or equal to 13%). Analysis of cell lines with gradually increasing levels of multidrug resistance (8226/S, 8226/Dox6 and 8226/Dox40) demonstrated a close association between the level of resistance to doxorubicin, defined by the mean lethal dose (D0) and the amount of P-glycoprotein on individual cells determined by the optical density (r = 0.82, P less than 0.0005). Intracellular doxorubicin (DOX) accumulation in the individual cell lines was inversely related to the level of drug resistance expressed as D0. P-glycoprotein was also detected in the marrow-derived myeloma cells of patients with drug refractory disease using immunohistochemical staining. The amount of P-glycoprotein in the cells of one patient was directly compared to the amount found in the simultaneously stained standard cell lines (8226/Dox6 and 8226/Dox40) by comparing the optical densities for individual cells. Using this immunohistochemical technique to detect and quantitate P-glycoprotein in patient myeloma cells and comparing it to standard multidrug resistant myeloma cell lines may be of value in determining the contribution of P-glycoprotein to clinical drug resistance in patients with multiple myeloma.

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance in bacterial isolates from liquid wastes generated in central hospitals of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Sharma ◽  
B Pradhan ◽  
SK Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Liquid Wastes

Background: Healthcare liquid wastes are the reservoirs of harmful infectious agents such as the pathogens and multiple drug resistant microorganisms. Potential infectious risks include the spread of infectious diseases and microbial resistance from health-care establishments into the environment and thereby posing risks of getting infections and antibiotic resistance in the communities. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the bacterial load of healthcare liquid waste generated in central hospitals and to explore the antimicrobial resistance pattern of these bacterial isolates. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 10 conveniently selected central hospitals of Nepal during the period of May to December 2008. Effluent specimens from each hospital were subjected to total viable count studies by spread plate method in nutrient agar plate and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C using standard laboratory protocol. Similarly, all the specimens were cultured in Mac Conkey Agar media supplemented with 30 μg/ml of Chloramphenicol and 20 μg/ml of Gentamycin for the enumeration of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, which were further subjected to in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique for resistance patterns. Results: Total viable counts of hospital effluents significantly exceeded the standard heterotrophic plate count (p=0.000). Similarly, the numbers of multiple drug resistant bacteria were alarmingly high in three (more than 30% in 2 and 50% in 1) hospitals of this study. Drug resistant hospital effluent isolates showed simultaneous resistance for most of the antibiotics including Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Cotrimoxazole, Gentamycin and Quinolones. Conclusion: Healthcare liquid wastes were laden with MDR bacteria and seemed to pose a huge public health threat in the transfer of such resistance to the bacterial pathogens causing community acquired infections, thereby limiting our antibiotic pool. Key words: Healthcare liquid waste management; viable count; multiple drug resistance; hospitals; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v8i1.3220 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2010), Vol. 8, No. 1, Issue 29, 40-44

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