scholarly journals Retrospective Study on the Pathway and the Outcome of Children Victims of Acquired Brain Injury Accompanied By a Mobile Unit of School Reintegration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Hamonet-Torny ◽  
justine allégret ◽  
murielle girard ◽  
hélène carriere piquard ◽  
stanley borde
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Mobile Unit ◽  
School Reintegration ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated

Objectives: to retrace the care pathways and the academic pathways of brain-damaged children supported a Mobile Unit of School Reintegration (MUSR) and to identify factors associated with their long-term outcome. Patients and methods: Retrospective study from the medical files of 53 children followed by the MUSR, conducted between November 2018 and April 2019. Results: The cerebro-lesions were mainly caused by a craniocerebral trauma (83% of cases), with an average age of onset of 9.8 years. The duration of the initial hospitalization was 39 days on average. The mean length of follow-up was 37 months. Long-term medical outcome was marked by 18.5% of medical complications, 29.6% of behavioral disorders and 9.2% of judiciary complications. The factors associated with long-term behavioral disorders were the age of onset (p = 0.015), the initial Glasgow score (p = 0.025), a head trauma related to a traffic accident (p = 0.046), a poor therapeutic alliance with the parents (p <0.001), the absence of psychological follow-up (p = 0.040) and the existence of legal complications (p = 0.001). The factor associated with long-term legal complications was a poor therapeutic alliance with the parents (p = 0.017). All the children followed were reintegrated into school, after an average of 6.4 months. A school reorientation was necessary in 49.9% of cases, associated with initial complications (p = 0.035), the existence of secondary brain aggressions of systemic origin (p <0.001), the existence of antecedents (p = 0.040), and the autonomy level (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The MUSR offers multidisciplinary, integrative and mobile cares, based on coordination of the care pathway and the academic pathway of children victims of acquired brain injuries.

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-525
Author(s):  
Robert J. Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorder ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Follow Up Studies

Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychosomatic disorder which most typically begins between 16 and 18 years of age. Clinicians have often held that early onset (eg, ages 11 to 15) is associated with a better outcome. This paper reviews the long-term outcome studies on anorexia nervosa and concludes that this contention is not supported by available data. The methodologies of seven outcome studies that focus on an early onset population are critiqued, and it is concluded that two methodologies are strong. Because of the increasing prevalence of anorexia nervosa, this once rare disorder can now be more easily investigated, and consequently better follow-up studies, which examine potential prognostic factors including age of onset, should be forthcoming.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease In Patients Reaching Adulthood: A Nationwide Retrospective Study Of 80 Cases In France

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 1028-1028
Author(s):  
Bertrand Dunogué ◽  
Benoit Pilmis ◽  
Nizar Mahlaoui ◽  
Caroline Elie ◽  
Hélène Coignard-Biehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Chronic Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Annual Frequency

Abstract Introduction Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder due to a defect in NADPH oxidase, resulting in recurrent, life-threatening invasive infections and granulomatous inflammatory disorders. Although CGD is diagnosed mostly in early childhood, its prognosis has now much improved, allowing a majority of patients to reach adulthood. Very few studies have focused on the long-term outcome of adult CGD patients. Objective To study the clinical course and sequelae at various time points (age 16, 20, 30 and beyond) of CGD patients, diagnosed before 16 years of age. Method A one-year (May 2012 to May 2013) French national retrospective study of CGD patients, diagnosed before the age of 16 years, and who had reached adulthood (defined as above 16 years of age) by the time of data collection. CGD patients were screened through the registry of the French national reference center of primary immune deficiencies (CEREDIH), and data were retrieved by reviewing medical charts and collected in a pre-defined case-report form. Results Eighty CGD patients (71 male (88.7%), 59 X-linked (73.7%), with a median NBT level of 0 [range:0; 15]) were included in the study. Median ages at diagnosis and last follow-up were 2.52 years [range: 0; 15.87] and 23.9 years [range: 16.61; 59.89], respectively. Seventeen patients (21%) were older than 30 years at time of last follow-up. Seven patients (8.8%) had undergone a hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). A total of 553 infections requiring hospital care (382 before age 16, and 171 thereafter), occurred among all patients during follow-up. The most common sites of infection were: pulmonary (31% of total infections, involving 77.5% patients), suppurative adenitis (24% of infections, 75% of patients), and cutaneous (16.2% of infections, 60% of patients). Aspergillus spp. (17%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10.7%) were the most common pathogens. These characteristics (sites and pathogens involved), as well as the annual frequency of infections, did not vary, when compared before and after age 16. When considering granulomatous events, a total of 224 inflammatory flares, mainly digestive (50%), pulmonary (16.7%) and urologic (10.3%), occurred among 71/80 (88.8%) patients. Thirty autoimmune events (mainly discoid lupus erythematosus) also occurred among 14/80 patients (17.2%). The median age of the first inflammatory event (12.5 years [range: 0.25; 44.2]) was much higher than that of the first serious infectious event (0.97 years [range: 0; 23.9]) (figure 1). The annual frequency of inflammatory events did not however significantly increase after age 16. Concerning the long-term consequences of such repeated infectious and steroid-treated inflammatory events, the main sequelae in CGD adults were a small adult median height and weight (167.5cm [range: 138; 185] and 56 kg [range: 35; 90] at age 20), as well as mild chronic restrictive respiratory failure (26.7% of chronic dyspnoea at the age of 30 years). At the age of 16 years, only 58% of patients were in high school. After 30 years, 9/13 (69%) patients were working, and 2 had had children. Ten patients died during adulthood at a median age of 23.6 years [range: 18.2; 45.4], most of them of infectious causes. Discussion & Conclusion Adult CGD patients display similar characteristics and rates of severe infections as during their childhood. As CGD patients grow older, inflammatory flares also become a major concern, because of an older age of appearance. The high rate of handicap that these repeated infectious and inflammatory events entail in adult CGD patients, now becomes a matter of medical and social considerations. A careful follow-up is thus recommended in specialized centers. Finally, HSCT and gene therapy should be more systematically considered in order to try to avoid long-term complications, which are responsible for major disabilities. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Long-term outcome of extratemporal epilepsy surgery among 154 adult patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Eldin Elsharkawy ◽  
Friedrich Behne ◽  
Falk Oppel ◽  
Heinz Pannek ◽  
Reinhard Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Class I ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated

Object The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients who underwent extratemporal epilepsy surgery and to assess preoperative prognostic factors associated with seizure outcome. Methods This retrospective study included 154 consecutive adult patients who underwent epilepsy surgery at Bethel Epilepsy Centre, Bielefeld, Germany between 1991 and 2001. Seizure outcome was categorized based on the modified Engel classification. Survival statistics were calculated using Kaplan–Meier curves, life tables, and Cox regression models to evaluate the risk factors associated with outcomes. Results Sixty-one patients (39.6%) underwent frontal resections, 68 (44.1%) had posterior cortex resections, 15 (9.7%) multilobar resections, 6 (3.9%) parietal resections, and 4 (2.6%) occipital resections. The probability of an Engel Class I outcome for the overall patient group was 55.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52–58% at 0.5 years), 54.5% (95% CI 50–58%) at 1 year, and 51.1% (95% CI 48–54%) at 14 years. If a patient was in Class I at 2 years postoperatively, the probability of remaining in Class I for 14 years postoperatively was 88% (95% CI 78–98%). Factors predictive of poor long-term outcome after surgery were previous surgery (p = 0.04), tonic–clonic seizures (p = 0.02), and the presence of an auditory aura (p = 0.03). Factors predictive of good long-term outcome were surgery within 5 years after onset (p = 0.015) and preoperative invasive monitoring (p = 0.002). Conclusions Extratemporal epilepsy surgery is effective according to findings on long-term follow-up. The outcome at the first 2-year follow-up visit is a reliable predictor of long-term Engel Class I postoperative outcome.

Long-Term Outcome of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-SCT) in Patients with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WM)-a Retrospective Study of the Lymphoma Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4661-4661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampia Kyriakou ◽  
Ariane Boumendil ◽  
Herve Finel ◽  
Norbert Schmitz ◽  
Henrik Sengeloev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Reduced Intensity

Abstract WM is an indolent lymphoma that has benefited from the introduction of novel agents with the achievement of higher response rates. However, WM remains incurable with conventional treatment. In addition, patients with high risk disease have either transient short lived responses or are refractory to conventional treatments. Although international treatment recommendations suggest considering allo-SCT in late relapses or in refractory younger patients, the place and timing of allo-SCT in the treatment algorithm of WM remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyse the long-term outcome of allo-SCT in WM. Patients and methods: Eligible for this retrospective study were patients aged 18 years or older who had a first reduced intensity (RIC) or myeloablative (MAC) conditioning allo-SCT (10/10 matched donor, sibling or unrelated) for WM between 2001 and 2013 and were registered with the EBMT. Baseline patient, disease and transplant data were collected from MED-A forms. Centers were requested to provide additional diagnostic, treatment and follow-up information. Statistical analysis used log rank test to assess the impact of baseline characteristics on survival endpoints. In multivariate analysis, prognostic factors for survival were estimated using Cox regression models and for relapse incidence (IR) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) by Fine and Gray models. Results: 260 patients (72% male) fulfilling the inclusion criteria of this study were identified in the database. The median age was 52 (range 19-72) years. Disease status at allo-SCT was sensitive in 78% and refractory in 22% of the patients. Conditioning was reduced-intensity (RIC) in 66%, with PBSC (92%) being the predominant stem cell source (bone marrow 7%, cord blood 1%). Patients receiving RIC were significantly older and had a longer interval between diagnosis and transplant but were otherwise comparable to patients with myeloablative conditioning (MAC). Donors were related in 65% and unrelated in 35% of the transplants. The median number of treatment lines prior to alloSCT was 3. Pretreatment details were available for 118 patients. Of these, first-line treatment was alkylator-based in 80%, purine analogue (PA)-based in 17%, and contained rituximab in 23%; for 2nd-line treatment, these figures were 50%, 36%, and 34%; and for 3rd-line treatment 41%, 32%, and 44%. Less than 10% of the patients had received bortezomib or imide-based regimens in any pretreatment line. At 100 days the cumulative incidence of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) grade I-II was 35%, and grade III-IV was 12%. At 2 years the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 41%. The development of cGVHD did not significantly impact on any outcome on a landmark analysis. After a median follow-up for living patients of 57 months (IQR 31-97), 5-year NRM, IR, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 29%, 24%, 47% and 55%. Risk factor analyses considering age, sex, performance status (PS), disease status, pretreatment lines, rituximab exposure, year of transplant, donor, and conditioning identified PS for NRM, disease status for IR, and PS and MAC for OS as significant predictors of an adverse outcome after multivariable adjustment. Although RIC patients tended to have a lower NRM and a better PFS than MAC patients, this was not statistically significant, suggesting that RIC patients had a better survival after relapse. 45 patients were treated with donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) and results of DLI were reported in 22 patients. Of these, a response was observed in 60%, which was complete in 55%. Conclusions: This large study demonstrates that allo-SCT can effectively induce long-term disease control in heavily pre-treated patients with WM, suggesting that graft-versus-lymphoma effects are active and stable in WM. Accordingly, DLI seems to be a promising treatment option in case of post-transplant disease recurrence. Additional studies are needed to elaborate the place of allo-SCT in the treatment algorithm of WM in the era of novel agents. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The impact of Cannabis in Schizophrenia: Pafip Three-year Longitudinal Study on Outcome and Functionality After a First Episode of Psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S136-S137
Author(s):  
M. Gomez Revuelta ◽  
M. Juncal Ruiz ◽  
O. Porta Olivares ◽  
M. Fernández Rodríguez ◽  
D. Abejas Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe association between cannabis and psychosis makes crucial the intervention on cannabis use disorder at first episodes of psychosis (FEP), especially among young population. In this group of patients, the harmful potential of cannabis is more evident by its influence on neurodevelopment. However, the nature of the association cannabis-psychosis is not clearly described. It seems to represent a mediating factor for an increased risk of psychosis in healthy and high-risk populations, determining an earlier age of onset and worsening long term outcome.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of cannabis in terms of functional and clinical prognosis in patients recruited after a FEP.Material and methodsPAFIP is an early intervention program for early stages of psychosis. One hundred and sixty-three were included, followed-up at regular intervals of six months for three years with administration of clinical and functional scales (BPRS, SAPS, SANS, CDRS, GAF and Drake). Patients were divided into three groups: (1) those non-users neither before the onset nor during follow-up (nn) PEP, (2) consumers before the FEP and during follow-up (ss) and (3) consumers before the FEP that gave up consumption during follow-up (sn).ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed in terms of functionality at three-year follow-up endpoint but a trend to a better-preserved functionality in the sn group. The sn group presented lower scores in scales for positive symptoms with respect to the comparison groups.ConclusionsThe interruption in cannabis use may have a beneficial effect on short-term clinical prognosis and functionality on long term.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Improved Survival beyond 28 Days up to 1 Year after CytoSorb Treatment for Refractory Septic Shock: A Propensity-Weighted Retrospective Survival Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Willem P. Brouwer ◽  
Servet Duran ◽  
Can Ince
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Lactate Levels

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> It is currently unknown whether CytoSorb treatment for septic shock improves long-term survival beyond 28 days from intensive care unit (ICU) admission and which factors determine outcome. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This was a long-term follow-up retrospective analysis of patients with septic shock who were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) + CytoSorb (<i>n</i> = 67) or CRRT alone (<i>n</i> = 49). These patients were previously analyzed for 28-day mortality. The primary outcome was the time to long-term all-cause mortality. Factors associated with time to event were analyzed both weighted by stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights (sIPTW) as well as unweighted stratified by therapy received. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median follow-up for the total cohort was 30 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–334, maximum 1,059 days) after ICU admission and 333 days (IQR: 170–583) for those who survived beyond 28 days (<i>n</i> = 59). Survival beyond 28 days was sustained up to 1 year after ICU admission for both treatment regimens: 80% (standard error [SE] 7%) vs. 87% (SE 7%), for CytoSorb vs. CRRT, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.853. By sIPTW, CytoSorb was significantly associated with long-term outcome compared to CRRT (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.025). Independent factors associated with long-term outcome in CytoSorb-treated patients were baseline log<sub>10</sub> lactate levels (aHR 5.1, <i>p</i> = 0.002), age in the presence of comorbidity (aHR 2.60, <i>p</i> = 0.013), and presence of abdominal sepsis (aHR 0.34, <i>p</i> = 0.004). A lactate level above 6.0 mmol/L at the start of CytoSorb therapy had a positive predictive value of 79% for mortality (<i>p</i> = 0.013). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Survival is achieved with CytoSorb and CRRT for patients with septic shock beyond 28 days from ICU admission and may be improved for CytoSorb treatment. Lactate levels above 6.0 mmol/L at the start of CytoSorb therapy are predictive of worse outcome with high specificity and positive predictive value.

Long-term outcome of extratemporal resection in posttraumatic epilepsy

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. E10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Hakimian ◽  
Amir Kershenovich ◽  
John W. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey G. Ojemann ◽  
Adam O. Hebb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Intracranial Eeg ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Posttraumatic Epilepsy ◽  
Factors Associated

Object Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common cause of medically intractable epilepsy. While much of PTE is extratemporal, little is known about factors associated with good outcomes in extratemporal resections in medically intractable PTE. The authors investigated and characterized the long-term outcome and patient factors associated with outcome in this population. Methods A single-institution retrospective query of all epilepsy surgeries at Regional Epilepsy Center at the University of Washington was performed for a 17-year time span with search terms indicative of trauma or brain injury. The query was limited to adult patients who underwent an extratemporal resection (with or without temporal lobectomy), in whom no other cause of epilepsy could be identified, and for whom minimum 1-year follow-up data were available. Surgical outcomes (in terms of seizure reduction) and clinical data were analyzed and compared. Results Twenty-one patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. In long-term follow-up 6 patients (28%) were seizure-free and an additional 6 (28%) had a good outcome of 2 or fewer seizures per year. Another 5 patients (24%) experienced a reduction in seizures, while only 4 (19%) did not attain significant benefit. The presence of focal encephalomalacia on imaging was associated with good or excellent outcomes in 83%. In 8 patients with the combination of encephalomalacia and invasive intracranial EEG, 5 (62.5%) were found to be seizure free. Normal MRI examinations preoperatively were associated with worse outcomes, particularly when combined with multifocal or poorly localized EEG findings. Two patients suffered complications but none were life threatening or disabling. Conclusions Many patients with extratemporal PTE can achieve good to excellent seizure control with epilepsy surgery. The risks of complications are acceptably low. Patients with focal encephalomalacia on MRI generally do well. Excellent outcomes can be achieved when extratemporal resection is guided by intracranial EEG electrodes defining the extent of resection.

Long-Term Stability of Diagnosis and Symptom Dimensions in a Systematic Sample of Patients with Onset of Schizophrenia in Childhood and Early Adolescence. I: Nosology, Sex and Age of Onset

1996 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Maziade ◽  
Nathalie Gingras ◽  
Caroune Rodrigue ◽  
Stéphane Bouchard ◽  
Andrée Cardinal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Long Term Stability

BackgroundLittle is known about the long-term outcome of schizophrenia that has its onset during childhood and early adolescence (early-onset schizophrenia, or EO-SZ). Whether or not EO-SZ is an aetiologically separate form of schizophrenia (SZ) is unresolved.MethodThe study was a 14.8-year follow-up, using methods such as systematic sampling, evaluation of possible non-respondent bias, consensus best-estimate diagnoses (DSM–III–R) made independently in childhood and adulthood, measures of positive and negative dimensions, of non-psychotic behaviour disturbances (NPBD) and of developmental problems before the appearance of SZ.ResultsThere was high stability of EO-SZ (n=40) diagnoses (mean onset at 14.0 years) until adulthood (mean age at follow-up 28.8 years) but a lower stability of positive and negative schizophrenic dimensions. There was a poor outcome of EO-SZ, a strong over-representation of males but few gender differences, and no effect of age of onset on clinical features and outcome.ConclusionsEO-SZ taken as a whole shows no qualitative differences to adult-onset SZ. However, a distinction through the onset of preschizophrenic developmental problems or NPBD might be a way to investigate heterogeneity within EO-SZ.

scholarly journals Clinical outcome of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and raised antithyroglobulin antibody levels: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Ora ◽  
Aftab Hasan Nazar ◽  
Prabhakar Mishra ◽  
Sukanta Barai ◽  
Amitabh Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Antithyroglobulin Antibody

Abstract Background Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a specific tumor marker for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, in the presence of an antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), it becomes unreliable. The purpose of the study was to assess the long-term outcome of DTC patients with raised TgAb. Method In a retrospective study, we included patients with DTC who had raised TgAb following total thyroidectomy. We excluded patients with persistently raised Tg (≥ 1 ng/ml) or radioiodine avid disease. Serial TgAb levels, excellent response (ER), incomplete response (IR), and anatomical recurrence were evaluated. Results A total of seventy-six patients were included in the study. Patients with IR had higher baseline TgAb (1071.27 ± 1216.17 vs. 99.61 ± 91.29 IU/ml, p < 0.001) and central compartment lymph node metastases (70.8% vs. 46.4%, p = 0.035) in comparison to those in the ER group. In the first follow-up, 64 (84.2%) patients had a stable or fall in the TgAb (0 to − 98.3%). Sixty-eight patients received high-dose radioiodine therapy (RIT). Out of these, 59 (86.5%) had transient, and 51 (75%) had a long-term fall in TgAb. After a follow-up period of 58.74 ± 26.26 months, 63.2% (48 out of 76) patients had IR. Nine (11.8%) patients had a rising TgAb level (3.7–170.9%) from baseline. Eleven patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT, and five of them demonstrated metabolically active recurrent disease. Three patients underwent cervical lymph nodes dissection. None of the patients died during the follow-up period. Conclusion High post-operative TgAb levels and central compartment lymph nodal metastases are risk factors for IR. RIT leads to a significant fall in the TgAb in these patients. The low level of raised TgAb is associated with an excellent outcome. Patients with recurrences had very high baseline TgAb > 1000 IU/ml. Raised TgAb was associated with good clinical outcomes and not associated with increased mortality.

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