scholarly journals A State Cinematographic Practice in Wartime

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Rochet
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Film Production ◽  
War Department ◽  
First Time ◽  
Commander In Chief

Mass media widely disseminated iconographic representations of the war. In this profusion of images, the behaviour of state authorities changed, while they had previously looked down on these two types of media. The alleged power of images led belligerents to take control of war pictures which circulated in newspapers or in newsreels. Both the reputation of the Army, and, behind it, that of the Nation, were at stake. At the beginning of the war the image of Poor Little Belgium was an effective symbol that was largely fuelled by Allied propaganda and one-off Belgian initiatives. Nevertheless, when the Belgian Army was mentioned in Allied propaganda, the soldiers looked pitiful and exhausted. Because it was growing increasingly worried of this feeble image, the Belgian government decided in 1916 to change course and to coordinate its propaganda efforts to propagate a favourable portrayal of Belgium as a tenacious belligerent nation and equally worthy ally. The Belgian Army Film Unit, established in 1916, was part of this development. Her task was to shoot images of the Belgian Army in action and of its soldiers under the leadership of their commander-in-chief, King Albert and his wife Queen Elisabeth. A state cinematographic practice developed for the first time in Belgium, in the form of a rigorously controlled military film production. This article aims sketching a first approach to this Belgian Army Film Unit and to its filmic sources. The goal is to understand why the Belgian War Department gradually established an Army film unit and how it used its filmic production to write its own history at the Yser front.

Battle of Loos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Isherwood
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Western Front ◽  
German Army ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Big Push ◽  
First Time ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
Simultaneous Attack ◽  
Opening Phase

In September 1915, the British and French armies began a combined major offensive on the western front. The French offensive was aimed at the Champagne and Artois regions, while the British Expeditionary Force’s objective was near Lens, in the industrial region between La Bassee and Loos. The battle was instigated by the French high command, who believed that a simultaneous attack upon the German army would yield results within a theater of war that had become stalemated. Despite reservations about the offensive’s intended results and the ground chosen for the attack, the commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force, Field Marshal Sir John French, agreed to the offensive. Along with his subordinate, First Army’s commander Sir Douglas Haig, French planned an offensive that was the largest operation of the BEF on the western front to date. The battle itself began with a four-day preliminary bombardment of German trenches on 21 September. The bombardment did little damage and notably did little to German barbed wire, which proved to be a serious impediment for advancing infantry. On 25 September, the battle began in earnest with six divisions attacking using a new weapon, chlorine gas. This was the first time gas was used by the BEF, and it proved to be as much as a hinderance as an advantage in attack. Still, the first day saw some advances notably those of the 9th Scottish Division at the Hohenzollern Redoubt and the 47th and 15th divisions to the south. To capitalize on gains made during the first day, Sir John French called up the 21st and 24th Reserve Divisions, untested men who had been exhausted by days of marching. These New Army divisions were committed to battle immediately on the 26th in hastily prepared attacks without adequate artillery support against an entrenched enemy. They lost half their number. After the opening phase of the battle, the advantage then shifted to the defender, and the German army fought a series of counterattacks, the battle devolving into a stalemate. By the second week of October, it became clear that any gains by the BEF had been negligible, especially considering the high cost in lives. In the end, the “big push” of 1915 ended in failure, with more than 50,000 British casualties. As a result of what was seen as a significant failure on the part of staff work and generalship at Loos, Field Marshal Sir John French was replaced by his subordinate, Sir Douglas Haig.

"The Islamic State": from Terrorism to Genocide

10.12737/6587 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Самвел Кочои ◽  
Samvyel Kochoi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Community ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

The first time in Russian legal science discusses the crimes committed by the terrorist organization “Islamic State / Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (IS/ISIL), against minority communities — Yazidis in Iraq. Based on the analysis of available information (reports of the UN and other international organizations, publications in Russian and foreign mass media) is substantiated conclusion about the presence of elements of the genocide in the acts of the members of the IS/ISIL. It is emphasized that the international community faced genocide, which was committed organization recognized as a terrorist. Invited to take coordinated by the international community measures to deprivation of members of the IS/ISIL freedom of movement between States and to prevent they commit terrorist acts on his return to the States, natives or citizens whom they represent.

MEDIA-CAPITALISM: COLLOQUIAL MASS CULTURE AND NATIONALISM IN EGYPT, 1908–18

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice

In Egypt, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, older, fragmented, and more localized forms of identity were replaced with new, alternative concepts of community, which for the first time had the capacity to collectively encompass the majority of Egyptians. The activism of Mustafa Kamil (1874–1908) and the populist message of the Watani Party began the process of defining and popularizing urban Egyptian nationalism. After Kamil's premature death in 1908, there was more of an “urgent need,” as described by Zachary Lockman, for “tapping into and mobilizing new domestic constituencies in order to build a more broadly based independence movement.” This article argues that the eventual mobilization of the Egyptian urban masses, and their “incorporation into the Egyptian nation,” was due in large part to the materialization of a variety of mass media catering to a growing national audience. To be more specific, I will examine early Egyptian nationalism through the lens of previously neglected audiovisual colloquial Egyptian sources. This, I argue, is crucial to any attempt at capturing the voice of “ordinary” Egyptians. Finally, the article documents the role of early colloquial Egyptian mass culture as a vehicle and forum through which, among other things, “hidden transcripts” of resistance and critiques of colonial and elite authority took place.

scholarly journals TVRI Stasiun Riau Kepri: Studi Kasus Keberadaan Media Massa dalam Pembangunan Provinsi Riau (1998-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Raiza Nanda Pratama ◽  
Ahmal ◽  
Asyrul Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Relay Station ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Television Plays ◽  
First Time ◽  
Initial Process ◽  
Growing Mass

Abstract: Today, mass media development is growing rapidly, this can be seen in the variety of choices for people to get news, entertainment and knowledge. One of the growing mass media is television. Television plays a very important role in development. The purpose of this document is: To understand the initial process of the formation and development of the Riau Kepri Station of the Television Republic of Indonesia (TVRI) and the role of the Riau Kepri Station of the Television Republic of Indonesia (TVRI) as a mass media in development. Province of Riau in the field of Social and Economic, Education and Culture. The research method that will be used in this research is the historical method. The television era in Riau province started since 1977 when the TVRI Relay Station Tower was built at that time. The development of TVRI Riau Kepri Station began to appear in 1999, where in 1999 TVRI Riau Station was able to broadcast locally for the first time, exactly in January. The role of TVRI Riau Kepri Station served as a tool used to disseminate information about the public's development. in the province of Riau.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and mass-media: the weight of the words

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Diana Spulber
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
New Words ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
First Time ◽  
Geographical Culture

Abstract The events of the year 2020 have had and heavy impact on the whole world. For the first time, each of us felt that we were part of this great globalised family. For the first time, the events that happened on a strict continent were directly related to other continents’ inhabitants. The new words entered to be a part of our vocabulary, and the new way of behaviour have been performed. On the positive side, we could mention that countries have been discovered for people with low geographical culture and the existence of certain professions and certain hospital departments have been discovered. The role of mass-media has been decisive in transmitting the news about Covid 19 in various ways. The article aims to show the role of mass media on the headlines of high ranking newspapers in UK Germany and Italy by analysing the weight of the words. The used methodology was the analysis to analyse the headlines of high ranking newspapers in UK Germany and Italy. Through content analysis, it was possible to individuate how the news-papers attract the audience through the headlines and how they contributed to keeping up the attention and the stress among social reality.

The Italian Film Industry (1945–1985)

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Michael Guarneri
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Box Office ◽  
Production History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Italian Film ◽  
Post War ◽  
Film Market ◽  
First Time

The chapter provides an overview of the history of the post-war Italian film industry from crisis to crisis, that is to say from the ground zero of 1945 (when the whole Italian film business had to be politically and economically reorganised, together with the rest of the war-torn country) to the ground zero of 1985 (the year in which, for the first time in almost three decades, Italian film production fell below the rate of 100 films made per year, as the culmination of a crisis that started in the mid-1970s). The chapter opens with an in-depth production history of I vampiri / Lust of the Vampire (Riccardo Freda, 1957), followed by an account of the 1958-1964 boom in the production of pepla, the historical-mythological adventures of the sword-and-sandal kind. Both cases (an isolated commercial failure the former; a short-lived box-office goldmine, or filone, the latter) are emblematic of the functioning of the Italian film industry between the early 1950s and the mid-1980s – a state-subsidised system mostly based on a constellation of medium, small and minuscule business ventures piggy-backing on popular genres/trends in the local and/or global film market.

scholarly journals Sound Editing in Screen Works

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolaevna Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Original Music ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Musical Form ◽  
Sound Design ◽  
Sound Track ◽  
Popular Films ◽  
Sound Effects ◽  
First Time

The article pinpoints peculiarities of sound editing in movies basing on analysis of partitions of popular films of40-90s; the most frequent principles of sound track arrangement are examined for the first time. The stuff selection is conditioned by measure of popularity of screen works in question. Due to talent of such famous composers as I. Dunaevsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Khachaturian, A. Pakhmutova, A. Petrov et al and their ability to hear plastic imagery, to comprehend filmic atmosphere music plays an extremely important part in these films. Many songs from these films are still in circulation even now. Thorough sound design and editing are of great significance in film production. The author comes to conclusion, that rondo as a musical form and leit-motif as a principle of musical stuff development form a dominant principle of sound stuff arrangement. The two fundamentally tighten the structure of the film. Since original music affords to accentuate sound effects in the most adequate way, it seems perfect to call to a composer for creating original music. The author assumes, that the choice of sound arrangement principle in cinema depends on deliberate conception of the film, wrought out by the helmer, composer, and supervising sound editor. The screen works property is closely bound with attentive partition editing.

scholarly journals International students in Russian universities: mass media role in attitude peculiarities formation to them and problems of adaptation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1001-1012
Author(s):  
Ibragim D. Ibragimov ◽  
Yulia M. Korenko ◽  
Valentin V. Matvienko ◽  
Elena G. Khrisanova ◽  
Andrey V. Kazakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Migrant Students ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Psychology Pedagogy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Russian Universities

Nowadays, one of the educational strategies is to strengthen international cooperation and attract international students to study in Russian universities. Migration issues currently remain relevant, and of a sensitive debatable nature, and for newsmakers, they are attractive. The study aims to investigate and analyze the presence of a stereotypical image of a migrant student, its content, nature, and orientation in the mass media. As a research method, a questionnaire survey was used to effectively investigate an international student's image studying at a Russian university with residents created by the mass media. The article examines the prevalence and features of stereotypes’ transmission about migrant students, the features of the formation of a migrant’s image in the media, identify the main problems of adaptation, difficulties faced by migrant students. The study's novelty and originality lie in the fact that the importance of the media environment for the management of international students' migration processes is determined for the first time. It is revealed that the most challenging issues for migrant students are: issues related to everyday life, employment, language acquisition, cultural customs, and unusual climatic conditions for them. It is revealed that information about migrant students in the media is not so standard. It is shown that there is more damaging information about migrants on the central channels than on the regional channels. The data obtained in this work can be used in ethnic psychology, social psychology, pedagogy, and age psychology.

scholarly journals Canadian Cinema

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Film Production ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
First Time

CANADIAN CINEMA: A SUMMING UP OF THE YEAR IN REVIEW SEPTEMBER is the month when new Canadian films appear and we discover what's been going on in the underworld of feature film production. They arrive at the Montréal, Halifax, Toronto and Vancouver festivals and the nomination screenings for the Genie Awards. Except for the Montréal festival's catalogue, which is content to simply summarise the stories of the films being shown, the rest would have us believe that all their entries, Canadian, in particular, are of the most profound importance, skilful, aware and socially, politically and sexually significant! Expectations aroused by these endorsements are seldom fulfilled, and where our films are concerned much is made of "first features" with one overly-excited programmer telling us "that there are more first-time directors than ever before" forgetting that every year we have first directors by the score who, fortunately in most cases, are...

Selected Writings

October ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 14-41
Author(s):  
Roberto Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Art World ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This selection of texts by the Argentinean artist Roberto Jacoby includes seven that are here published in English for the first time, and two others rendered in new translations. The majority of the texts (all but three) were written in the 1960s. Some, such as “Scale Model of an Artwork” (1966), “Automatic Circuit (work no. 1 for Telephone Circuit)” (1967), and “Message at the Di Tella Institute” (1968), are short descriptions of artworks. Another, “An Art of Communications Media (Manifesto)” (1967), takes the form of a manifesto, co-written by Jacoby and two other artists. “Demonstration: A Mass Media Artwork” (1967) touches on various issues topical in the mid-1960s art world in Argentina and beyond, including the relationship between art and life, society, and politics, and “Against the Happening” (1967) considers an art that harnesses the mass media for its production. The section also includes translations of song lyrics written by Jacoby that link intimate themes of love with international politics. The songs were put to music and recorded by the Argentinian rock group Virus for its fifth record, “Surfaces of Pleasure” (1987). The section concludes with “Strategy of Joy” (2000), an article that theorizes a biopolitical form of resistance to the civil-military dictatorship that brutalized the Argentinian population in the 1970s and early 1980s, and “Report on the Venus Project” (2002), which focuses on an experimental community formed in the midst of the social, economic and political crisis that befell Argentina in the summer of 2001, and, according to some, is ongoing.

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