scholarly journals The influence of temperature, light intensity and nitrate concentration on dry-matter production and chemical composition of Lolium perenne L.

1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Alberda
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Nitrate Supply

In this trial the nitrate concentration of the nutrient solution affected the rate of DM production only when it fell below 0.2 mM. Between 0.2 and 1.5 mM the chemical composition of the plant was altered considerably but production was not affected. The soluble carbohydrate content, which reached a very high value in the above-ground parts when the nitrate supply was low, fell as the nitrate concentration rose; the same tendency was observed in the crude-fibre content and some unidentified components, probably hemicelluloses and pentosans. The organic-N fraction increased with increasing nitrate concentration in the above range. Above 1.5 mM the effect was virtually confined to the plant nitrate concentration, and there was always a definite relationship between the nitrate content and the soluble-carbohydrate content. The optimum temp, for DM production increased with increasing light intensity.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effect of moulding on the changes in chemical composition of tabacco leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Krystyna Florczak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Aspergillus Repens

The process of moulding caused by the fungi: <i>Aspergillus repens</i> (Cda.) De Bart, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> Link, <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i> Wilhelm, <i>Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, VPenicillium commune</i> Thom and <i>Penicillum spinulosum</i> Tom influenced the decrease in soluble carbohydrate content with the simulataneous increase in the percentage of specific protein. It had an effect on the deterioration of technological and taste values of raw tabacco.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals The nutritional quality of feedstuffs used in dairy goat nutrition in Vojvodina

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Snezana Paskas ◽  
Jelena Miocinovic ◽  
Branislav Vejnovic ◽  
Zsolt Becskei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The study was to conduct to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritive values of feedstuffs (forages and concentrate mixtures) used for dairy goats nutrition in Vojvodina. Samples were collected from six farms, including one organic farm. The results showed that the relative feed values of analyzed forages were in the range of good, medium to lower quality. Average protein content from lowest to highest for investigated forages was: corn silage (Zea Mays) (65.37-82.57g kg??DM), alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.) (159.99-184.17g kg??DM), pasture (185.30g kg?? DM), and alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (167.48-203.60g kg??DM). The non-fibre carbohydrates and protein content most varied in organic hay samples (cv: 29.25% and 19.09%, respectively). Generally, feedstuffs used in organic nutrition, including organic concentrate, were of lower nutritional quality and moreover contained higher amounts of crude fibre and lignin. Especially, a high source of variation was observed in investigated concentrate mixtures for the crude protein content (p<0.0001), ranged from 135.32 to 209.87g kg??DM. Corn silages also varied substantially in their chemical composition and significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in regard to acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin content (ranged: ADF: 242.20-319.24g kg??DM; ADL: 27.98-52.54g kg??DM, respectively). Furthermore, pasture contained the most soluble materials during May and June and their content was related inversely to crude fibre amount. This survey highlights that investigated farms still pay insufficient attention to the quality of the feedstuff. For the development of intensive goat farming, greater emphasis should be placed on using higher quality feedstuffs, as well, standards for feed quality must be considered and established.

scholarly journals Whole corn grain addition in sugarcane silage avoids fermentative losses and improves in situ degradation of silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Tiago A. Del Valle ◽  
Gabriela Do Nascimento ◽  
Luana S. Fernandez ◽  
Marisa M. França ◽  
Jesus A.C. Osório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Ground Corn ◽  
Corn Grain

Sugarcane silage (SS) is generally susceptible to yeast action, resulting in dry matter losses due to high soluble carbohydrate concentration. We evaluated the effects of adding corn grain and microbial inoculant at ensiling on fermentative profile, losses, chemical composition and degradation of silages. Forty experimental silos (PVC tubing) were assigned at random to a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with: (1) 5 corn additions at ensiling: CONT - straight sugarcane silage; GC2 - sugarcane with ground corn (processed through a 2 mm sieve) added at ensiling; GC8 - sugarcane with ground corn (processed through an 8 mm sieve) added at ensiling; WC - sugarcane with whole corn grain added at ensiling; and RCS - rehydrated corn ensiled without sugarcane; and (2) 2 microbial inoculant additions at ensiling: 0 and 8 mg of commercial inoculant per kg of feed. Corn grain was added at the rate of 100 g per kg of fresh sugarcane. Adding corn grain to sugarcane at ensiling improved SS fermentation and silage chemical composition. There was no benefit from grinding the grain before adding it to sugarcane. Microbial inoculant had little effect on SS fermentation. Studies comparing corn grain with other energy sources, e.g. molasses or cassava, for addition at ensiling sugarcane seem warranted along with feeding studies with livestock to assess intake and subsequent performance. The overall benefits of adding the energy sources at ensiling versus feeding them directly to animals with untreated sugarcane silage should be determined.

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotlarz ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

Zooming in on surface chemical composition of soil microaggregates – Is there an effect of plants (Festuca)?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne K Woche ◽  
Stefan Dultz ◽  
Robert Mikutta ◽  
Klaus Kaiser ◽  
Georg Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Surface Chemical Composition ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter

&lt;p&gt;Formation of soil microaggregates (SMA) is a surface-driven process and depends on mineral cementing and organic gluing agents. Yet, the role of plants in soil microaggregation by input of fresh organic matter remains little understood. In a mesocosm experiment silty Luvisol topsoil (&lt;250&amp;#160;&amp;#181;m; original soil material) was incubated in absence (bare soil) and presence of plants (Festuca) and water-stable free and occluded SMA were isolated after 4, 12, and 30 weeks and investigated for the surface chemical composition by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and for wetting properties by contact angle determination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Compared to the original soil, the surfaces of both free and occluded SMA tended to smaller O and larger C contents, thus a smaller O/C ratio, along with a slight increase in initial contact angle from about 10&amp;#176; (original soil) to about 20&amp;#176; (SMA). The O/C ratio decreased slightly further from 4 to 12 weeks, especially for bare soil without plants. Slightly greater C contents were detected for occluded than for free SMA, probably hinting at higher retention of organic matter on surfaces of microaggregates entrained in larger soil structures. For bare soil, a slightly greater N content was observed for free SMA while in the presence of Festuca free and occluded SMA had same N contents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Regardless of the presence of Festuca, C speciation indicated a lower proportion (in % of total C) of C=O/O-C-O and a higher proportion of C&amp;#160;-&amp;#160;C/C&amp;#160;-&amp;#160; H species for occluded than for free SMA, probably indicating less altered organic matter at the surfaces of occluded SMA. While the proportion of C=O/O-C-O species slightly decreased, that of C-&amp;#160;C/C-H species slightly increased towards the end of the incubation. This may hint at some preferences in microbial respiration with respect to C compounds and formation of microbial metabolites. From N speciation a higher ratio between protonated and non-protonated organic N species (N&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;np&lt;/sub&gt;) was indicated for Festuca than for bare soil after 4 and for 30 weeks of incubation, i.e., the presence of plants seems to impact N compounds present. The N&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;/N&lt;sub&gt;np &lt;/sub&gt;ratio tended to decrease after 30 weeks compared to 4 weeks for both treatments, hinting on changes in N species present.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In summary, aside some effect on N species present, results indicate rather incubation and SMA origin (free, occluded) than the presence of plants (Festuca) to impact surface chemical composition of the tested SMA. This suggests no defined contribution of plants and their products to formation of 250-53 &amp;#181;m-sized SMA.&lt;/p&gt;

EFFECTS OF SOME TRACE ELEMENTS ON GRASS AND LEGUME PRODUCTION IN NOVA SCOTIA

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Smeltzer ◽  
W. M. Langille ◽  
K. S. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Legume Production

In a field experiment, conducted on four different soil types, trace elements cobalt, zinc, manganese, copper, sodium and molybdenum were applied by sprayer to a grass-legume sward in late September in both 1955 and 1956. Treatment differences were evaluated in terms of total dry matter production and by the chemical composition of the plant tissue. The elements applied were detectable in plant tissue, but herbage yields were not affected. Apparently the trace elements in these different soil types were in the range of sufficiency for maximum herbage production.

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