scholarly journals The developmental pattern of roots and shoots of oats under favourable conditions.

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
J.J. Schuurman ◽  
J.J.H. De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Generative Stage

Oats were sown on 24 Mar. in asbestos tubes 75 cm long and 15 cm in diameter filled with humus sand and placed in the open. The water level in the soil profile was maintained at about 70 cm below the soil surface by natural rainfall and by a controlled water supply from shallow dishes in which the tubes stood. Plants were sampled in duplicate at weekly intervals between 13 May and 15 July and the developmental growth pattern of shoots and seminal and nodal roots was examined. The total weight of nodal roots increased until the plant had attained its maximum shoot length, and until about 5 weeks after the last leaf appeared on 26 May. Weights and DM content of the shoots increased over the whole of the experimental period. The greatest number of nodal roots was initiated during 3-10 June, between the end of tillering and the beginning of panicle emergence; after that the numbers initiated per week decreased gradually. The number of seminal roots varied between 4 and 5 per plant and reached their maximum weight just after the end of tillering and before the panicles became visible. After 10 June the weight and growth rate of seminal roots decreased rapidly. Seminal roots and the early initiated nodal roots were the most important part of the root system. In the week before the panicles became visible, root and shoot growth was interrupted; this was thought to be related to the transition from the vegetative to the generative stage. CMC. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Root development in seedlings of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) sown onto the soil surface

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Surface Drying ◽  
Axial Resistance

The effects of surface-sowing on root type, number and xylem radius were studied in relation to the seedling growth and survival of ryegrass and phalaris. Under optimal conditions in a growth cabinet, both species produced primary and lateral seminal roots, nodal roots and, in the absence of light, a subcoleoptile internode (s.c.i.). Phalaris had fewer lateral seminal roots and, in this species, internodal roots occurred along the s.c.i. Surface placement per se had no effect on any of the measured parameters of root development, but surface drying prevented nodal root primordia from extending, even when plants were otherwise supplied with water. This effect of surface drying on nodal root development was confirmed in a glasshouse study using undisturbed soil cores (30 by 60 cm) to simulate field conditions. Phalaris was less likely than ryegrass to produce nodal roots after surface sowing. The effective xylem radius (re) of the primary seminal root was 7.9 �m in ryegrass and 11.6 �m in phalaris. Calculations using the Poiseuille equation indicated that the axial resistance to water flow through these roots would greatly restrict seedling water uptake and growth in the absence of other roots. Lateral seminal roots and internodal roots had small vessels which could not significantly reduce the axial resistance to flow. Good seedling water relations in both species therefore depend on early development of the nodal roots which contain large xylem vessels (re > 16 �m). It was concluded that the effect of soil-surface drying on nodal root development was likely to account for some cases of poor vigour and survival of surface-sown grasses.

scholarly journals Root and crop growth of oats as affected by the length of periods of high water-table.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
J.J. Schuurman
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
High Water ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
High Water Table ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

The influence of the duration of a high water-table on root and shoot growth of oats in an early growth stage was studied. Root wt., depth of rooting and number of nodal roots with a length of < 10 cm reacted favourably on a low water-table. In this experiment shoot growth, however, hardly reacted to better root growth. This meant that the plants with restricted root growth could absorb water and nutrients as well as those with larger root systems. The fertilization of the top 0-25 cm of soil could have been an important factor in this report. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

Effect of sand grain shape on root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings

Geoderma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lipiec ◽  
A. Siczek ◽  
A. Sochan ◽  
A. Bieganowski
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Circadian regulation of grapevine root and shoot growth and their modulation by photoperiod and temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kare P. Mahmud ◽  
Bruno P. Holzapfel ◽  
Yann Guisard ◽  
Jason P. Smith ◽  
Sharon Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

scholarly journals Silicon reduces aluminum content in tissues and ameliorates its toxic effects on potato plant growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athos Odin Severo Dorneles ◽  
Aline Soares Pereira ◽  
Liana Verônica Rossato ◽  
Gessieli Possebom ◽  
Victória Martini Sasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Element ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

ABSTRACT: Aluminum (Al) is highly toxic to plants, causing stress and inhibiting growth and silicon (Si) is considered beneficial for plants. This chemical element has a high affinity with Al. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Si to mitigate the toxic effects of Al on potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) plants and assess whether this behavior is different among genotypes with differing degrees of sensitivity to Al. Potato plants of the genotypes SMIJ319-7 (Al-sensitive) and SMIF212-3 (Al-tolerant) were grown for fourteen days in nutrient solution (without P and pH 4.5±0.1) under exposure to combinations of Al (0 and 1.85mM) and Si (0, 0.5 and 1.0mM). After this period, shoot and roots of the two genotypes were collected to determine Al content in tissues and assess morphological parameters of root and shoot growth. Roots of both genotypes accumulated more Al than shoots and the Al-tolerant genotype accumulated more Al than the sensitive one, both in roots and in shoot. Furthermore, the presence of 0.5 and 1.0mM Si together with Al reduced the Al content in shoot in both genotypes and in roots of the Al-tolerant genotype, respectively. Si ameliorated the toxic effects of Al with regard to number of root branches and leaf number in both potato genotypes. Si has the potential to mitigate the toxic effects of Al in potato plants regardless of Al sensitivity.

scholarly journals Genotypic differences in root and shoot growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under different salinity levels

Hereditas ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bchini ◽  
M. Ben Naceur ◽  
R. Sayar ◽  
H. Khemira ◽  
L. Ben Kaab-Bettaeïb
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Salinity Levels

Response of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) to plant density and phosphorus fertilizer under dryland conditions

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. S. Ahlawat ◽  
C. S. Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Densities

SUMMARYField studies were made for 2 years on a sandy loam soil under dryland conditions of north-west India with three pigeon-pea varieties in relation to plant density and the application of phosphate fertilizer. Varieties Pusa Ageti and P4785 with better developed root system and profuse nodulation had higher grain and stalk yield, and higher N and P yield than Prabhat. Root and shoot growth and root nodulation were adversely affected with increasing plant densities in the range 50 × 103 and 150 × 103 plants/ha. Stalk and total N and P yield increased with increasing plant density. Plant density of 117 × 103 plants/ha produced maximum grain yield of 1·53 t/ha. Phosphorus fertilizer promoted root and shoot growth, intensity and volume of nodulation and increased grain, stalk, N and P yield. The effect of plant density on grain yield was more pronounced in the presence of phosphate fertilizer. The economic optimum rate of P ranged between 22·1 and 23·1 kg/ha under different plant densities.

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Short Interval Flooding Events on Root and Shoot Growth of Four Landscape Shrub Taxa

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Kathryne J. Jernigan ◽  
Amy N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Flooding Events

Abstract Research was conducted to screen four landscape shrub taxa for tolerance to repeated flooding events. Plants of Fothergilla × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’ (dwarf witchalder), Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ (winterberry), Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ (summersweet), and Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ (possumhaw) were flooded repeatedly over six weeks for 0 (non-flooded), 3, or 6 days with a draining period of 6 days between each flooding event. The experiment was repeated for a total of two runs. With the exception of F. × intermedia ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa showed good visual quality and no reduction in root growth in either run, and effects on shoot growth were minimal. Size index of Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby Spice’ was 27% higher in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days than in plants flooded for 6 days in run 1 only. Shoot dry weight of Ilex verticillata ‘Winter Red’ was actually 11% higher in plants flooded 6 days days than in plants flooded for 0 or 3 days in run 2. Size index of Viburnum nudum Brandywine™ increased with increasing flood length, and plants flooded for 6 days had a 9% higher SI than plants flooded for 0 days in run 1. With the exception of Fothergilla × intermedia L. ‘Mt. Airy’, all taxa appeared tolerant of and even thrived during flooding and would be appropriate shrub selections for a southeastern United States rain garden.

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