scholarly journals Is mass screening enough to control tuberculosis in Ecuador’s prisons?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
I Valcárcel-Pérez ◽  
JL Molina ◽  
Z Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uniformity Test ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Treat All

Objective: To evaluate mass screening campaigns for tuberculosis in prisoners in Ecuador. Material and method: Cross-sectional study of Chronic Cough (CC) detected amongst inmates who entered two prisons in Ecuador between January and December 2016 (n = 12,365). The time distribution of the CCs was analyzed with the uniformity test and its relationship with the diagnosed cases of PTB, the prevalence of PTB was calculated. A logistic regression model was performed to determine the factors modifiers of PTB positivity. Results: 1.332 chronic cougher were recorded, the positivity rate was 17.3% (95% CI, 15.1-19.4), and the prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.6 - 2.1). There was an absence of uniformity in the detection and diagnosis by epidemiological weeks; there was a positive correlation between CC and PTB cases. The positivity rate was associated with the prison with the highest density (adjusted OR 3.8; 95% CI, 2.5-5.5). Discussion: Massive screening campaigns are not enough to control tuberculosis in Ecuador’s prisons. The incidence found is high. It is necessary to strengthen the diagnostic process to treat all the cases found and thus break the chain of transmission.

scholarly journals High levels of viral load monitoring and viral suppression under Treat All in Rwanda – a cross‐sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ross ◽  
Muhayimpundu Ribakare ◽  
Eric Remera ◽  
Gad Murenzi ◽  
Athanase Munyaneza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Load Monitoring ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Treat All

scholarly journals Critical defining characteristics for nursing diagnosis about ineffective breastfeeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Cristina de Alvarenga ◽  
Denise Silveira de Castro ◽  
Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite ◽  
Telma Ribeiro Garcia ◽  
Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Maternity Ward ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Accuracy Measures

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the Nursing diagnostic accuracy measures and to propose a model to use defining characteristics in order to judge the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. Method: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 73 binomials mom-child hospitalized in a maternity ward of an University Hospital, from July to August of 2014. Results: The diagnostic predominance rate was 58.9%. The characteristics that best meet the needs of logistic regression model were: discontinuance of breast sucking; infant's inability of seizing the areola-nipple region correctly; infant's crying one hour after breastfeeding and inappropriate milk supply perceived. Conclusion: Breastfeeding process is dynamic; diagnostic judgement may suffer some changes according to the time data are collected; the defining characteristics are the best predictors if associated with models and rules of use.

scholarly journals Association Between Betel Nut and Presence of Diverticulum: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hong Liu ◽  
Wei-liang chen
Keyword(s):  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Current studies reporting multiple systemic effect of betel nut (BN) chewing have little analysis on colonic system. The aim of our study was to analyze the association between BN chewing and diverticulosis.Method: This cross-sectional study is conducted from 2010 to 2016 at a medical center in Taiwan. 5586 eligible participants were enrolled in our study (all of them underwent colonoscopy, and 349 with diverticulosis). The BN chewing behavior was recorded from assessment of personal history. The diverticulosis was categorized by the presence or not according to the colonoscopies done by trained physicians from health examinations in Tri-Service General Hospital. A logistic regression model with adjusted models, with covariates from Directed Acyclic Graph, was used to determine the association between BN chewing and diverticulosis. We also analyzed the association between different exposures, including cigarette, alcohol, and BN, and diverticulosis. Results: Our study included 3161 males and 2425 females with significantly higher prevalence rates of BN chewing behavior among males than females (11.1% versus 0.3%). In men group, BN chewing had adjusted odd ratio: 1.65(95% CI:1.12-2.44) on the presence of diverticulosis. Among the combination of exposures of cigarette, alcohol and BN, only the group exposed to all showed significant association between diverticulosis with adjusted OR: 1.909(95% CI: 1.188-3.065). Further subgroup analysis displayed adjusted OR: 2.310(95% CI:1.245-4.287) in obesity Taiwanese male.Conclusion: BN chewing is independently associated with diverticulosis in Taiwanese male.

scholarly journals Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽  
Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

scholarly journals Factors predicting knowledge on COVID-19 misconceptions and perception of government efforts in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Bondah ◽  
Daniel O. Agyemang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> With the increasing rate of COVID-19 cases and mortality across the globe, countries and most people have adopted precautionary and preventive measures to avoid been infected with the disease. However, several trending myths and misconceptions also floods the world during this era.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 587 participants (53% males, 78% aged 18-30 years, and 74% having at least tertiary level education) in Ghana, using a convenience snowballing sampling approach. A self-designed questionnaire based on “World Health Organization (WHO) myth-busters” was used for data collection. A logistic regression model was developed to explore variables predicting misconceptions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>With about 75% of respondents believing they knew “a lot” about coronavirus, 41% (confidence interval: 37-45) reported a high level of knowledge on the new coronavirus misconceptions. Social media (87%), and television/radio (57%) were the major sources of knowledge. Masters/Ph.D. degree education, National democratic congress (NDC) political members, other political party members, excellent self-health ratings, social media, respondents that anticipate a remedy in 1-5 years, and the perception that the government is “not doing enough” in fighting the pandemic, were reported factors predicting knowledge in a multiple logistic regression model (p&lt;0.05). Region of residence, political affiliation, self-health ratings, predicted time of remedy, and level of knowledge on covid-19 misconceptions were also associated with the perception of government efforts (p&lt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most Ghanaians have much belief in trending misinformation related to the pandemic. Public health education and campaigns should address these misconceptions and encourage the public to seek information from credible sources.</p>

scholarly journals Hyperuricaemia and associated factors among the oldest-old population in the urban areas of Chengdu, China: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e055881
Author(s):  
Xiang-Ji Chen ◽  
Wenqiang Zhang ◽  
Rui-Li Yuan ◽  
Xiao-Bo Huang ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of hyperuricaemia among the oldest-old persons in Chengdu and identify associated factors to provide information on achieving healthy ageing in China.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingJinjiang, Qingyang, Longquanyi locating in the southeast, the northwest and the east of Chengdu, respectively, were chosen as the study sites.ParticipantsA representative sample of 1391 people aged over 80 years were enrolled from September 2015 to June 2016, and 106 participants were excluded due to missing information. Thus, a total of 1285 participants were analysed in this study.Outcome measuresHyperuricaemia was defined as serum uric acid >420 µmol/L in men or serum uric acid >360 µmol/L in women. A univariable logistic regression model and a multivariable logistic regression model were used to estimate the ORs and 95% CI to explore the associated risk factors of hyperuricaemia.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hyperuricaemia among the oldest-old was 29.6%. There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of hyperuricaemia, 29.1% in men vs 30.0% in women (p>0.05). Hyperlipidaemia and overweight were associated with the risk of hyperuricaemia both in men (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.72; OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.19) and in women (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.23 to 2.58; OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.89 to 4.61). Additionally, diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased prevalence of hyperuricaemia only in women (OR 1.99; 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.97).ConclusionThe burden of hyperuricaemia is substantial among the oldest-old population in the urban areas of Chengdu, China.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Mainland China: a single center cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Yin ◽  
Xiaoying Gu ◽  
Yimin Wang ◽  
Guohui Fan ◽  
Binghuai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
P Values

Abstract Background The diagnosis and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) pulmonary disease are challenging issues and the treatment is also prolonged and depends on the species. There is limited information on patients with bronchiectasis and NTM pulmonary disease in Mainland China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. Those adult patients who met the diagnostic criteria for bronchiectasis and obtained a culture result of mycobacteria from lower respiratory tract specimens or lung tissue were included in this study. A logistic regression model was used to identify the related factors in patients with NTM pulmonary disease. Results A total of 202 patients with bronchiectasis from 19 cities, 155 without and 47 (23.3%) with NTM pulmonary disease, were included. In all the 47 patients with NTM pulmonary disease, Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common species (66.0%), and 72.3% of them were initiated on standard anti-NTM treatment within 3 months after the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease. A larger proportion of patients with NTM pulmonary disease had acute exacerbations of ≥ 3 times within 1 year and were diagnosed bronchiectasis ≥ 50 years among patients with NTM pulmonary disease. The HRCT chest images revealed higher proportions of nodular shadow (100% vs. 35.3%), tree-in-bud sign (97.9% vs. 29.0%), cavities (29.8% vs. 5.8%), and airway dilation of the right middle lobe or the left lingular lobe (63.8% vs. 23.9%) in patients with NTM pulmonary disease than in those without NTM pulmonary disease (all P values = 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression model indicated that three and more abnormal features (OR 33.8; 95% CI 11.1–102.8) and main lesions of bronchial expansion in the middle or lingual lobe (OR 6.4; 95% CI 2.4–16.6) in HRCT chest images were independently associated with NTM pulmonary disease (P values = 0.001). Conclusion In a single center of Mainland China, > 23% of patients with bronchiectasis had NTM pulmonary disease, and most patients were started on standard treatment within 3 months after the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease. These findings suggest that patients with bronchiectasis should be thoroughly examined for the presence of NTM pulmonary disease. Trial registration NCT03594032.

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