scholarly journals Factors predicting knowledge on COVID-19 misconceptions and perception of government efforts in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Emmanuel K. Bondah ◽  
Daniel O. Agyemang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> With the increasing rate of COVID-19 cases and mortality across the globe, countries and most people have adopted precautionary and preventive measures to avoid been infected with the disease. However, several trending myths and misconceptions also floods the world during this era.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 587 participants (53% males, 78% aged 18-30 years, and 74% having at least tertiary level education) in Ghana, using a convenience snowballing sampling approach. A self-designed questionnaire based on “World Health Organization (WHO) myth-busters” was used for data collection. A logistic regression model was developed to explore variables predicting misconceptions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>With about 75% of respondents believing they knew “a lot” about coronavirus, 41% (confidence interval: 37-45) reported a high level of knowledge on the new coronavirus misconceptions. Social media (87%), and television/radio (57%) were the major sources of knowledge. Masters/Ph.D. degree education, National democratic congress (NDC) political members, other political party members, excellent self-health ratings, social media, respondents that anticipate a remedy in 1-5 years, and the perception that the government is “not doing enough” in fighting the pandemic, were reported factors predicting knowledge in a multiple logistic regression model (p&lt;0.05). Region of residence, political affiliation, self-health ratings, predicted time of remedy, and level of knowledge on covid-19 misconceptions were also associated with the perception of government efforts (p&lt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most Ghanaians have much belief in trending misinformation related to the pandemic. Public health education and campaigns should address these misconceptions and encourage the public to seek information from credible sources.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽  
Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Mainland China: a single center cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Yin ◽  
Xiaoying Gu ◽  
Yimin Wang ◽  
Guohui Fan ◽  
Binghuai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
P Values

Abstract Background The diagnosis and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) pulmonary disease are challenging issues and the treatment is also prolonged and depends on the species. There is limited information on patients with bronchiectasis and NTM pulmonary disease in Mainland China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China. Those adult patients who met the diagnostic criteria for bronchiectasis and obtained a culture result of mycobacteria from lower respiratory tract specimens or lung tissue were included in this study. A logistic regression model was used to identify the related factors in patients with NTM pulmonary disease. Results A total of 202 patients with bronchiectasis from 19 cities, 155 without and 47 (23.3%) with NTM pulmonary disease, were included. In all the 47 patients with NTM pulmonary disease, Mycobacterium avium complex was the most common species (66.0%), and 72.3% of them were initiated on standard anti-NTM treatment within 3 months after the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease. A larger proportion of patients with NTM pulmonary disease had acute exacerbations of ≥ 3 times within 1 year and were diagnosed bronchiectasis ≥ 50 years among patients with NTM pulmonary disease. The HRCT chest images revealed higher proportions of nodular shadow (100% vs. 35.3%), tree-in-bud sign (97.9% vs. 29.0%), cavities (29.8% vs. 5.8%), and airway dilation of the right middle lobe or the left lingular lobe (63.8% vs. 23.9%) in patients with NTM pulmonary disease than in those without NTM pulmonary disease (all P values = 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression model indicated that three and more abnormal features (OR 33.8; 95% CI 11.1–102.8) and main lesions of bronchial expansion in the middle or lingual lobe (OR 6.4; 95% CI 2.4–16.6) in HRCT chest images were independently associated with NTM pulmonary disease (P values = 0.001). Conclusion In a single center of Mainland China, > 23% of patients with bronchiectasis had NTM pulmonary disease, and most patients were started on standard treatment within 3 months after the diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease. These findings suggest that patients with bronchiectasis should be thoroughly examined for the presence of NTM pulmonary disease. Trial registration NCT03594032.

scholarly journals Practice and perception of Bangladeshi adults toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Wadood ◽  
Lai Lee Lee ◽  
Md. Monimul Huq ◽  
ASMA Mamun ◽  
Suhaili Mohd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World

Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread across the world with increasing number of confirmed cases and death. Preventive measures have still been the only way of slowing down the transmission and prevention of the deadly disease. Practice of preventive guidelines and perception about the disease is important in this regard. We aimed to study on practice to prevent and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults during the rapid rise of the outbreak.Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we conducted an online survey to collect data from 320 Bangladeshi adults during the period of 10-20 April, 2020 with a self-developed questionnaire. For measuring their level of practice, a general question was asked to participants, “Are you properly following the guidelines recommended by WHO to avoid COVID-19? Four type of perceptions; (i) seriousness, (ii) susceptibility, (iii) efficacy, and (iv) carry out the measures of the disease were considered for measuring risk of perception. Frequency distribution, Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression model were utilized in this study. Results: More than 71% of participants had good practice of always following the guidelines of the World Health Organization to prevent COVID-19. Logistic regression model demonstrated that people living in urban area (p<0.01), high education (p<0.01), rich (p<0.01) and joint family (p<0.01) had the most contributions to good practice. The average risk perception among participants was 3.05±0.75 (median, 3.00) (95% CI of mean: 2.96-3.13). More than 27% participants showed high risk perceptions. It was found that males (p<0.05), high educated (p<0.05), rich (p<0.01), service holders (0.05) and younger adults (p<0.05) had higher odds of high risk perception.Conclusions: The good practice of preventive guidelines and risk perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults were satisfactory but not of the expected level. High socioeconomic status and education were significantly correlated with appropriate practice and perception during the peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government should take step to increase the level of practice to avoid and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi people during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and associated factors among adults reside in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Befikadu Tariku Gutema ◽  
Adefris Chuka ◽  
Gistane Ayele ◽  
Wubshet Estifaons ◽  
Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surveillance Site

Abstract Background Tobacco use is one of the world-leading preventable killers. There was a varied prevalence of tobacco use and cigarette smoking across different areas. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with current tobacco use among adults residing in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site (HDSS). Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults residing in Arba Minch HDSS in 2017. The estimated sample size was 3368 individuals which were selected by simple random sampling techniques using Arba Minch HDSS dataset. Data collection tools were obtained from the WHO STEPwise. Current use of tobacco, which defined as the current use of smoked and/or smokeless tobacco, was considered as the dependent variable. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify candidate variables for the multivariable logistic regression model. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to determine a statistically significant association between independent and dependent variables. Result The prevalence of tobacco use among adults was 20.2% (95% CI: 18.9–21.6%). The current use of smoked and smokeless tobacco were 17.1% (95%CI: 15.8–18.4%) and 9.7% (95%CI: 8.8–10.8%), respectively. The current use of tobacco was significantly associated with sex (female [AOR 0.54; 95%CI: 0.42–0.68] compared to men), age group (35–44 [AOR 1.57; 95%CI: 1.14–2.17], 45–54 [AOR 1.99; 95%CI: 1.45–2.74], and 55–64 [AOR 3.26; 95%CI: 2.37–4.48] years old compared to 25–35 years old), physical activity (moderate physical activity level [AOR 0.65; 95%CI: 0.44–0.96] compared with low) and residency (highland [AOR 4.39; 95% CI: 3.21–6.01] compared with at lowlander). Also, heavy alcohol consumption (AOR 3.97; 95% CI: 3.07–5.12), and Khat chewing (AOR 3.07(95%CI: 1.64–5.77) were also associated with the use of tobacco among the study participants. Conclusion Nearly one in five adults used tobacco currently in the study area, which is more than the national reports. Interventions for the reduction of tobacco use need to give due attention to men, older adults, uneducated, poor, and highlanders.

scholarly journals Prevalence of violence and associated factors among Youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based Cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alehegn Bishaw Geremew ◽  
Abebaw Addis Gelagay ◽  
Telake Azale Bisetegn ◽  
Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu ◽  
Solomon Mekonen Abebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. The calculated sample size was 1765. A structured and pretested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to get the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and then exported to STATA 14 for data analysis. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population, 1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariate logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR= 1.77, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR=5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, Living with mother’s only (AOR= 1.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.66).Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis should be given to reduce the burden of youth violence and preventing and controlling the identified factors by modifying the existing policies/strategies or developing new strategies and interventions program. Keywords: Violence, Youth, Physical violence, Sexual violence, Psychological violence

scholarly journals Did Children Interact With Their Personified Objects During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

2021 ◽  
pp. 027623662110344
Author(s):  
Masanori Yamaguchi ◽  
Yusuke Moriguchi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Imaginary Companions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Although previous studies revealed the characteristics of children with imaginary companions, the characteristics of children alone could not explain why some children create and interact with imaginary companions. The current cross-sectional study examined the impact of the situational factors, decreased opportunities to meet and play with real playmate due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on the prevalence of imaginary companions. Five hundred sixty caregivers of children aged 2–9 years (half of them were girls) were asked whether their children currently had imaginary companions (personified objects and invisible friends) before (September 2019) and during the pandemic (April 2020). The logistic regression model showed that only the prevalence of personified objects increased during the pandemic, OR = 2.01, 95%CI [1.34, 3.00], even when potential variables were controlled. The results suggest that children more frequently played with their personified objects during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic.

scholarly journals Effects of Using Digital Devices on Food Consumption among University Students in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Dirgha Raj Joshi ◽  
Umesh Neupane ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Bishnu Khanal ◽  
Shashidhar Belbase
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Food Consumed

Food consuming behavior is a concern for good physiological, physical, psychological, and social health. An unbalanced eating habit may be related to several factors. The objective of the study was to investigate how the use of digital devices influences graduate students’ eating behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 Masters of Philosophy (MPhil) scholars of Nepal Open University through an online survey. A Chi-square test and a binary logistic regression model were fitted to find the effect of digital devices on food consumption. There was a significant association between the duration of using a mobile phone, computer, and TV with the quantity of food consumed, preferred time of using a laptop with the quantity of food consumed, and the sitting position during the use of digital devices with the quantity of food consumed. The logistic regression model showed that individual’s sitting positions while using digital devices were significant predictors of food consumption at a 95% confidence level.

scholarly journals The prevalence and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia: a multicenter cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12553
Author(s):  
Yanni Wang ◽  
Lingyun Zeng ◽  
Lijuan Chen ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Lijuan Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among patients with schizophrenia. However, information on patients comorbid DM and schizophrenia is limited in China. The present study investigated the prevalence of DM and its clinical characteristics in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia. Diagnosis of Diabetes was established using World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus (persistent fasting glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dl or 2-h plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL after a 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test). Patients were also measured height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, triglyceride level, and cholesterol level. Patients’ psychiatric symptoms were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associated demographic and clinical variables in chronic schizophrenia. Results A total of 988 inpatients (64.6% male, average age of 47.19 ± 12.55) was recruited. The prevalence of DM in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia was 13.8% (95% CI [11.6–15.9]%). Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight (OR = 1.90, 95% CI [1.20–3.03], p = 0.006), obesity (OR = 1.85, 95% CI [1.07–3.21], p = 0.028), comorbid hypertension (OR = 2.14, 95% CI [1.34–3.42], p = 0.002), and course of schizophrenia (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.01–1.06], p = 0.040) were significantly associated with the DM risk in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion The findings indicated that diabetes mellitus was non-negligible in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia should be regularly monitored for DM. Overweight/obesity, long duration of schizophrenia, and comorbid hypertension possibly were risk factors for diabetes.

scholarly journals Dental anxiety and the effectiveness of local anesthesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e208127
Author(s):  
Hadi Esmaeili ◽  
Mohammad Malekzadeh ◽  
Davood Esmaeili ◽  
Farid Nikeghbal
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim: The successful anesthesia is an essential factor for dental treatment. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of local anesthesia and it’s relationship with dental Anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 256 dental patients, in 2017. Dental Anesthesia was administered after completing the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale by the patients. The level of anesthesia was recorded in one of three states (successful, difficult, and failed). Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and tests of, Chi-square, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression model.  Results: About 60.5% subjects had moderate-severe dental anxiety. The mean of dental anxiety significantly was lower in the successful anesthesia group (P<0.01). Patients with elementary education had a significantly higher level of dental anxiety (P<0.01). Dental anxiety was significantly higher in the age group of ≥59 years, compared to the other age groups, except for 49-58 years (P<0.05). Subjects with a significantly higher level of dental anxiety more delayed their visits to the dentist. The logistic regression model showed that the dental anxiety (high anxiety) and literacy level (elementary) were the most important predictors of failed or difficult anesthesia. Conclusion: Informing patients about dental treatment procedures, regular and periodic visits to the dentist, using psychotherapeutic techniques to reduce dental anxiety before anesthesia, could play an important role in the success of anesthesia.

scholarly journals Perceptions, Knowledge, and Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among Social Media Users: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/19913 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e19913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawla F Ali ◽  
Simon Whitebridge ◽  
Mohammad H Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Alsafy ◽  
Stephen L Atkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Health Organization

Background Social media is one of the most rapid and impactful ways of obtaining and delivering information in the modern era. Objective The aim of this study was to rapidly obtain information on public perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors related to COVID-19 in order to identify deficiencies in key areas of public education. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, a survey web link was posted on the social media and messaging platforms Instagram, Twitter, and WhatsApp by the study investigators. Participants, aged ≥18 years, filled out the survey on a voluntary basis. The main outcomes measured were knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, protective measures against COVID-19, and source(s) of information about COVID-19. Subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the effects of age, gender, underlying illness, and working or studying in the health care industry on the perceived likelihood of acquiring COVID-19 and getting vaccinated. Results A total of 5677 subjects completed the survey over the course of 1 week. “Fever or chills” (n=4973, 87.6%) and “shortness of breath” (n=4695, 82.7%) were identified as the main symptoms of COVID-19. Washing and sanitizing hands (n=4990, 87.9%) and avoiding public places and crowds (n=4865, 85.7%) were identified as the protective measures most frequently used against COVID-19. Social media was the most utilized source for information on the disease (n=4740, 83.5%), followed by the World Health Organization (n=2844, 50.1%). Subgroup analysis revealed that younger subjects (<35 years), males, and those working or studying in health care reported a higher perceived likelihood of acquiring COVID-19, whereas older subjects, females, and those working or studying in non–health care areas reported a lower perceived likelihood of acquiring COVID-19. Similar trends were observed for vaccination against COVID-19, with older subjects, females, and those working or studying in non–health care sectors reporting a lower likelihood of vaccinating against COVID-19. Conclusions Our results are indicative of a relatively well-informed cohort implementing appropriate protective measures. However, key knowledge deficiencies exist with regards to vaccination against COVID-19, which future efforts should aim at correcting.

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